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Urea와 K2SO4 처리에 의한 복숭아 '미백도'에서 수확 시 과실의 무기성분 농도 및 과피색 변화 (Effects of Urea and K2SO4 treatment on the mineral nutrient concentration and fruit skin color of 'Mibaekdo' peach fruits at harvest)

  • 문병우;윤익구;문영지;남기웅;이영철
    • 현장농수산연구지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2013
  • 복숭아 '미백도'에서 Urea 및 K2SO4를 토양 또는 수체처리하여 토양의 화학성, 과실의 무기성분 농도, 과피색 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양의 화학성 중 K의 함량은 경핵기 Urea 162g+K2SO4 188g/주(표준) 토양처리, 수확 20일 전 K2SO4 1.0% 수체살포, Urea 81g+K2SO4 94g/주(반량), Urea 162g+K2SO4 188g 및 Urea 324g+K2SO4 376g/주(배량) 토양처리에서 무처리에 비하여 증가하였다. 엽의 무기성분 농도는 전처리 모두 엽내 T-N, K 및 Ca 농도가 높았으며 Na 농도는 Urea 0.5% 및 K2SO4 1.0% 수체살포가 높았다. 과피내 T-N 농도는 수확 20일 전 Urea 162g+K2SO4 188g 토양처리에서 높았으나 K2SO4 1.0% 수체살포 및 Urea 81g+K2SO4 94g 토양처리에서는 낮았다. 과피 직하과육(1~10mm부위)의 T-N, K, Ca 농도는 Urea 0.5% 수체살포를 제외한 모든 처리에서 높았다. 엽중은 수확 20일 전 Urea 0.5% 수체살포, Urea 162g+K2SO4 188g 및 Urea 324g+K2SO4 376g 토양처리에서 증가하였다. 과중은 수확 20일전 Urea 162g+K2SO4 188g 토양처리에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 과피색(Hunter a값)은 수확 20일 전 K2SO4 1.0% 수체살포, Urea 81g+K2SO4 94g 및 Urea 324g+K2SO4 376g 토양처리에서 과피 적색 향상에 효과적이었다. 당도는 Urea 0.5% 수체살포, K2SO4 1.0% 수확 20일 전 수체살포 및 Urea 162g+K2SO4 188g 경핵기 토양처리에서 증가하였다.

ON ERDŐS CHAINS IN THE PLANE

  • Passant, Jonathan
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제58권5호
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    • pp.1279-1300
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    • 2021
  • Let P be a finite point set in ℝ2 with the set of distance n-chains defined as ∆n(P) = {(|p1 - p2|, |p2 - p3|, …, |pn - pn+1|) : pi ∈ P}. We show that for 2 ⩽ n = O|P|(1) we have ${\mid}{\Delta}_n(P){\mid}{\gtrsim}{\frac{{\mid}P{\mid}^n}{{\log}^{\frac{13}{2}(n-1)}{\mid}P{\mid}}}$. Our argument uses the energy construction of Elekes and a general version of Rudnev's rich-line bound implicit in [28], which allows one to iterate efficiently on intersecting nested subsets of Guth-Katz lines. Let G is a simple connected graph on m = O(1) vertices with m ⩾ 2. Define the graph-distance set ∆G(P) as ∆G(P) = {(|pi - pj|){i,j}∈E(G) : pi, pj ∈ P}. Combining with results of Guth and Katz [17] and Rudnev [28] with the above, if G has a Hamiltonian path we have ${\mid}{\Delta}_G(P){\mid}{\gtrsim}{\frac{{\mid}P{\mid}^{m-1}}{\text{polylog}{\mid}P{\mid}}}$.

CONDITIONAL INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS OF FUNCTIONALS ON A FUNCTION SPACE OF TWO VARIABLES

  • Bong Jin, Kim
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.593-601
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    • 2022
  • Let C(Q) denote Yeh-Wiener space, the space of all real-valued continuous functions x(s, t) on Q ≡ [0, S] × [0, T] with x(s, 0) = x(0, t) = 0 for every (s, t) ∈ Q. For each partition τ = τm,n = {(si, tj)|i = 1, . . . , m, j = 1, . . . , n} of Q with 0 = s0 < s1 < . . . < sm = S and 0 = t0 < t1 < . . . < tn = T, define a random vector Xτ : C(Q) → ℝmn by Xτ (x) = (x(s1, t1), . . . , x(sm, tn)). In this paper we study the conditional integral transform and the conditional convolution product for a class of cylinder type functionals defined on K(Q) with a given conditioning function Xτ above, where K(Q)is the space of all complex valued continuous functions of two variables on Q which satify x(s, 0) = x(0, t) = 0 for every (s, t) ∈ Q. In particular we derive a useful equation which allows to calculate the conditional integral transform of the conditional convolution product without ever actually calculating convolution product or conditional convolution product.

제주특별자치도 도시지역 미세먼지 악화 시 기상요소 분석 (Analysis of Meteorological Factors when Fine Particulate Matters Deteriorate in Urban Areas of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province)

  • 신지환;조상만;박수국
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.36-58
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 제주도의 도시지역을 대상으로 관측이 시작된 2001년부터 2019년까지의 미세먼지 (PM10)와 초미세먼지 (PM2.5) 악화 빈도에 따른 기상 상황을 분석하였다. PM10과 PM2.5의 악화는 제주시와 서귀포시 모두 봄>겨울>가을>여름철 순으로 나타났으며, 봄·여름철에는 주간에 가을·겨울철에는 야간에 더 많이 나타났으며, PM10보다 PM2.5의 피해가 더 심각하게 나타났다. PM10 악화 시의 기온과 풍속은 제주시와 서귀포시 모두 봄·겨울철에는 각각의 계절평균보다 높게 나왔으나, 여름·가을철에는 반대로 낮게 나왔다. 상대습도는 계절평균보다 모든 계절에 낮게 나타났다. PM2.5 악화 시 기온은 PM10 악화 시와 계절별 동일한 경향을 보였으며, 상대습도는 봄·여름철에는 제주시와 서귀포시 모두 평균보다 높았으며, 겨울철에는 평균보다 낮았다. 풍속은 두 도시 동일하게 평균보다 낮게 나왔다. PM2.5 악화 시가 PM10 악화 시보다 봄·겨울철에 기온과 풍속이 더 낮을 때 발생 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. PM10과 PM2.5 악화 시 풍향은 주간에는 북풍과 서풍이, 야간에는 계절별로 다양하게 나타났다. 특히, PM10에 비해 PM2.5 악화 시 풍속이 낮게 나타나 한라산에서 발생하는 산곡풍의 영향으로 제주시는 남풍이 서귀포시는 북풍이 야간에 자주 발생하였다. 풍속등급별 PM10 악화 빈도수는 제주시와 서귀포시 모두 주·야간 1.6 - 3.4 ms-1에서 가장 높았고, 여름철 야간에만 0.3 - 1.6 ms-1에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. PM2.5 악화 빈도수는 제주시에서는 1.6 - 3.4 ms-1에서 가장 높은 값이 나타났으나, 서귀포시에서는 0.3 - 1.6 ms-1에서 가장 높은 값이 나타났다. 제주시와 서귀포시 모두 PM10과 PM2.5 악화 시 3.4 ms-1이상의 바람이 0.3 ms-1이하의 바람보다 빈도가 더 높은 것으로 나타나므로, 이는 PM10과 PM2.5가 바람의 영향으로 도시지역 외부에서 유입된 것이 주요인이라고 할 수 있겠다. 위 자료를 토대로 미세먼지 저감을 위한 도시계획 및 조경식재계획 방안을 마련한다면 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

Na/K 비 변화에 따른 무연 [Li0.04(NayK1-y)0.96](Nb0.86Ta0.1Sb0.04)O3 세라믹스의 압전 및 유전특성 (Piezoelectric and Dielectric Characteristics of Lead Free [Li0.04(NayK1-y)0.96](Nb0.86Ta0.1Sb0.04)O3 Ceramics with the Variations of Na/K Ratio)

  • 이갑수;류주현;홍재일;이석태;김용운;정회승
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, lead-free [$Li_{0.04}(Na_{y}K_{1-y})_{0.96}](Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.1}Sb_{0.04})O_{3}$ (y=0.4 - 0.58) ceramics were manufactured using conventional miked oxide method for acoustic emission(AE) sensor application and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated with the variations of Na/K ratio. The samples in the composition Na/K=54/46 exhibited excellent electrical properties of $d_{33}=300$ PC/N and kp=0.49. Taking into consideration above piezoelectric properties, it can be concluded that the [$Li_{0.04}(Na_{y}K_{1-y})_{0.96}](Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.1}Sb_{0.04})O_{3}$ system ceramics are the promising lead-free materials capable of substituting PZT system ceramics.

N-acetyl cysteine inhibits H2O2-mediated reduction in the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by down-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

  • Lee, Daewoo;Kook, Sung-Ho;Ji, Hyeok;Lee, Seung-Ah;Choi, Ki-Choon;Lee, Kyung-Yeol;Lee, Jeong-Chae
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제48권11호
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    • pp.636-641
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    • 2015
  • There are controversial findings regarding the roles of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway on bone metabolism under oxidative stress. We investigated how Nrf2/HO-1 pathway affects osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or both. Exposing the cells to H2O2 decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteoblast markers, such as osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2. In contrast, H2O2 treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells. Treatment with hemin, a chemical HO-1 inducer, mimicked the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the HO-1 expression and decreasing the osteogenic marker genes. Pretreatment with NAC restored all changes induced by H2O2 to near normal levels in the cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that H2O2-mediated activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway negatively regulates the osteoblast differentiation, which is inhibited by NAC.

실내 도시농업에서 혼합파종 비율에 따른 어린잎채소의 생육 및 배지 양분 변화 (Changes in Growth of Microgreens and Substrate Nutrients by Seed Mixture Rate in Indoor Agriculture)

  • 주진희;박선영;송희연;윤용한
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제31권7호
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    • pp.569-577
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    • 2022
  • This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C3L1), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C2L1), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C1L1) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M3L1), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M2L1), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M1L1) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C3L1 experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C3L1 experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

리튬2차전지에서 다른 전구체로부터 합성된 LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 양극 활물질의 특성 (Characterization of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Materials Prepared from Different Precursors in Lithium Rechargeable Batteries)

  • 김성근;홍성완;한경식;이홍기;심중표
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.1029-1035
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    • 2008
  • $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ cathode materials prepared from different precursors in lithium rechargeable batteries were characterized by various analytical methods. $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ powders were synthesized by using solid-state reaction method and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed by XRD, SEM, particle size analyzer and TCP-AES. These materials showed different crystallinity, particle size, surface morphology and chemical composition. Also, the charge/discharge cycling of $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ electrodes was carried out under various cut-off voltages and it showed different behaviors. It was found that the electrochemical cyclability of $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ was strongly related to its crystallinity.

Classifications of Tubular Surface with L1-Pointwise 1-Type Gauss Map in Galilean 3-space 𝔾3

  • Kisi, Ilim;Ozturk, Gunay
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제62권1호
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    • pp.167-177
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    • 2022
  • In this manuscript, we handle a tubular surface whose Gauss map G satisfies the equality L1G = f(G + C) for the Cheng-Yau operator L1 in Galilean 3-space 𝔾3. We give an example of a tubular surface having L1-harmonic Gauss map. Moreover, we obtain a complete classification of tubular surface having L1-pointwise 1-type Gauss map of the first kind in 𝔾3 and we give some visualizations of this type surface.