• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.2521-2526
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 공간변조 (Spatial Modulation, SM) 시스템에서 다중안테나 채널 용량을 고려한 송신 안테나 선택 기술을 제안하고 그 성능을 분석한다. 각 송신 안테나에서 수신안테나까지의 채널 벡터의 크기에 기반하여 안테나를 선택하는 기존 기술과 비교할 때, 제안하는 기술은 채널용량 자체를 계산하여 전체적인 공간변조 시스템의 용량 증가를 가져온다. 전체 안테나 중 사용할 안테나의 집합을 선택하는 모든 경우를 비교하여 최적의 안테나 집합을 선택하는 최적 방법 (Optimal)을 제시하고, 추가적으로 계산 복잡도를 줄이면서 최적 성능과 유사한 성능을 제공하는 Sub-Optimal 기술을 함께 제시한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 안테나 선택 방법이 기존의 안테나 선택 방법에 비하여 bit error rate(BER) 측면에서 월등한 성능을 제공함을 확인하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.247-247
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• 2023

Coastal lagoons play a crucial role in water exchange, water quality, and biodiversity. It is essential to monitor and understand the dynamics of hydrogeochemistry in lagoon water and its groundwater to preserve and sustainably manage the groundwater-dependent ecosystems like coastal lagoons. This study investigated the spatial and temporal hydrogeochemical characteristics of coastal lagoon (Songjiho) and groundwater on the east coast of Korea. The concentrations of major ions, water isotopes, and nutrients (nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon) in lagoon water and groundwater were periodically monitored for one year. The study revealed that major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration were higher at deeper depths of aquifers and closer to the coastal area. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of coastal lagoon and groundwater chemistry were classified into two types, Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Na-Cl, based on their spatial location from inland to coastal area. Moreover, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of coastal lagoons and groundwater varied significantly depending on the season. During the wet season, the increased precipitation and evaporation lead to changes in water chemistry. As a result, the total organic carbon (TOC) of coastal lagoons increases during this season, likely due to increased runoff by rainfall whereas the variation of chemical compositions in the lagoon and groundwater were not significant because there is reduced precipitation, resulting in stable water levels and during the dry season. The study emphasizes the impact of spatial distribution and seasonal changes in precipitation, evaporation, and river discharge on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the coastal aquifer and lagoon system. Understanding these impacts is crucial for managing and protecting coastal lagoons and groundwater resources.

• 지역과문화
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.73-97
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• 2019

본 연구는 안동포마을의 의미와 가치를 재발견하고 장소성 강화를 위해 공간스토리텔링 한 것이다. 이론적 고찰, 장소성 강화 선진사례 분석, 마을 환경과 문화자원 분석을 통해 마을의 맥락을 파악하고 전통 삶의 방식과 길쌈문화가 담긴 전통마을의 장소성을 도출하였다. 그에 따라 공간스토리텔링의 주제를'천년의 숨결! 천년의 노래!'로 설정하고 구체화를 위한 테마로는 '헌신·나눔·추억·만남·건강·화합'으로 설정하였다. 또 설정된 각각의 테마에 부합한 공간을 연결하고 이를 기반으로 이야기를 재현하거나 창조함으로써 안동포마을은 전통문화의 창조성과 장소적 자산이 공존하며 새로운 콘텐츠를 재생산할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 방문객은 장소성을 체험하고 완성해 가는 주체가 될 수 있도록 세부적인 운영프로그램을 개발하였다. 그 결과 안동포마을 브랜드가치 및 주민 삶의 질이 향상되고 관광객 증가에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

U-City 서비스로 대표되는 첨단 공간서비스는 그동안 10여년의 많은 노력과 예산투자의 결과로 가시화된 국토정보화(National Digitalization)의 결실로서 평가될 수 있다. U-City서비스는 정보통신기술을 근간으로 하고 있으나 현실공간의 지능화 측면에서 그 개념상 공간정보와 또 그것을 기반으로 국토공간을 분석하고 활용하기 위한 국토 공간계획과 긴밀한 연계관계를 갖지 않을 수 없다. 그러나 아직까지 U-City서비스는 기존의 공간정보 및 공간계획과 명확한 상호관계 설정 및 각 분야간 계획, 구축 및 관리간 연계가 미흡한 실정에 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 주요 목적은 디지털융합시대의 국토 유비쿼터스화라고 하는 큰 명제하에 U-City서비스가 국토 공간정보 및 공간계획과 상호 유기적 연계관계를 가지고 발전할 수 있도록 하기 위한 디지털융합공간(Digital Convergence Space)의 신개념을 제안하고 그 구현을 위한 제도적 정비방안을 제시하는데 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2005

This study investigates the effects of the spatial elements of the mulit-purpose commercial complex on visitors' circulation pattern and wayfinding by employing method of space syntax, observation, and interview survey. Two commercial complexes were investigated; Techno-mart represented a vertical type and COEX mall rendered a horizontal one. Analysis of the spatial elements using space-syntax method provided a base line for comparing analyses by the two other methods. Analysis of the interview additionally survey identified the factors affecting wayfinding behavior and contributing satisfaction. The findings suggest that level of the effects of the spatial configuration on visitors' circulation pattern is greater in Techno-mart(vertically oriented) than COEX(horizontally). In COEX, for instance, specific route that connects sub-way station and cinema complex carries far more traffic than main route, even though the main route indicates higher degree of integration of spatial configuration. Similar with observation, the degree of integration is corresponding with the satisfaction and easiness of wayfinding behavior In COEX, specific place and feature seem to have more effects on visitors' wayfinding behavior and circulation pattern than the level of integration of spatial configuration.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3488-3493
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• 2022

Accelerator driven subcritical systems have long been discussed as facilities which can be used for solving the nuclear waste problem. The physics of these systems is very different from conventional reactors and new techniques had to be developed for reactivity monitoring. One such technique is the Area Ratio Method which studies the response of a subcritical system upon insertion of a large number of neutron pulses. An issue associated with this technique is the spatial dependence of measured reactivity which is intrinsic to the sub criticality of the system since the reactor does not operate on the fundamental mode and measured reactivity depends on the detector position. This is generally addressed by defining Bell-Glasstone spatial correction factor. This factor upon multiplication with measured reactivity gives the correct reactivity which is independent of detector location. Monte Carlo Methods are used for evaluating these factors. This paper presents a complete three dimensional map of spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical system. In addition, the dataset obtained also helps in identifying detector locations where the correction factor is close to unity, thereby implying no correction if the detector is used at those locations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2361-2376
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• 2023

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is commonly used to screen and diagnose cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, deep neural networks have been regarded as an effective way for automatic ECG disease diagnosis. The convolutional neural network is widely used for ECG signal extraction because it can obtain different levels of information. However, most previous studies adopt single scale convolution filters to extract ECG signal features, ignoring the complementarity between ECG signal features of different scales. In the paper, we propose a dual-scale network with convolution filters of different sizes for 12-lead ECG classification. Our model can extract and fuse ECG signal features of different scales. In addition, different spatial and time periods of the feature map obtained from the 12-lead ECG may have different contributions to ECG classification. Therefore, we add a spatial-temporal attention to each scale sub-network to emphasize the representative local spatial and temporal features. Our approach is evaluated on PTB-XL dataset and achieves 0.9307, 0.8152, and 89.11 on macro-averaged ROC-AUC score, a maximum F1 score, and mean accuracy, respectively. The experiment results have proven that our approach outperforms the baselines.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.3204-3217
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• 2023

In this paper, the downlink of the multicast based spatial modulation systems is investigated. Specifically, physical layer multicasting is introduced to increase the number of access users and to improve the communication rate of the spatial modulation system in which only single radio frequency chain is activated in each transmission. To minimize the bit error rate (BER) of the multicast based spatial modulation system, a joint optimizing algorithm of antenna selection and multicast precoding is proposed. Firstly, the joint optimization is transformed into a mixed-integer non-linear program based on single-stage reformulation. Then, a novel iterative algorithm based on the idea of branch and bound is proposed to obtain the quasioptimal solution. Furthermore, in order to balance the performance and time complexity, a low-complexity deflation algorithm based on the successive convex approximation is proposed which can obtain a sub-optimal solution. Finally, numerical results are showed that the convergence of our proposed iterative algorithm is between 10 and 15 iterations and the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the iterative algorithm is 1-2dB lower than the exhaustive search based algorithm under the same BER accuracy conditions.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2017

We investigated configuration of metallic and insulating domains in $VO_2$ thin films, while spanning metal-insulator phase transition. Kelvin probe force microscopy, of which spatial resolution is less than 100 nm, enables us to measure local work function (WF) at the sample surface. The WF of $VO_2$ thin films decreased (increased) as increasing (decreasing) the sample temperature, during the phase transition. The higher and lower WF regions corresponded to the insulating and metallic domains, respectively. The metallic fraction, estimated from the WF maps, well explained the temperature-dependent resistivity based on the percolation model. The WF mapping also showed us how the structural defects affected the phase transition behaviors.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1073-1080
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• 2017

Manufacturing and technology industries produce large amounts of air pollutants. Ulsan Metropolitan City, South Korea, is well-known for its large industrial complexes; in particular, the concentration of $SO_2$ here is the highest in the country. We assessed $SO_2$ monitoring sites based on conditional and joint entropy, because this is a common method for determining an optimal air monitoring network. Monthly $SO_2$ concentrations from 12 air monitoring sites were collected, and the distribution of spatial locations was determined by kriging. Mean absolute error, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), bias and correlation coefficients were employed to evaluate the considered algorithms. An optimal air monitoring network for Ulsan was suggested based on the improvement of RMSE.