• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.174-179
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Visual gait analysis plays a pivotal role in determining the important gait problem of patients. A few studies have been published and have received little attention regarding visual gait analysis on patients with orthopedic problems. The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference of reliability levels according to experience of clinical physical therapists. Methods: Thirty-five clinical physical therapists, 5 high experienced, 15 experienced, and 15 inexperienced, were recruited and individually evaluated these videotaped gait patterns of the participants, and filled up the structured gait analysis form. The gait of nine participants was videotaped. Reliability levels were calculated by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Results: The inter-rater reliability of high experienced group (ICC=0.56; 95% CI: 0.50-0.62) was comparable to that of the experienced raters (ICC=0.48; 95% CI: 0.43-0.53) and inexperienced group (ICC=0.42; 95% CI: 0.38-0.46). High experienced group reached a higher inter-rater reliability level. The average intra-rater reliability of the high experienced group was 0.70 (ICCs ranging from 0.54 to 0.82). The experienced group reached an average intra-rater reliability of 0.61 (ICCs ranging from 0.47 to 0.81). The inexperienced group attained average ICC values of 0.53 (ICCs ranging from 0.30 to 0.74). Conclusion: Use of a structured gait analysis form as described in this study was found to be moderately reliable. Clinical experience appears to increase the reliability of visual gait analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the controversial issues about objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of pulse diagnosis and investigate the objectification of traditional Korean medicine and technical feasibility of pulse simulation through the suggestion of a pulse simulator. Methods: The concept, validity and reliability of OSCE and the current situation of medical simulation was described. The actual level and problems on the simulator development was presented through haptics and tactile technology in order to compose a pulse simulator for OSCE. Results: The pulse wave system of a pulse simulator should materialize through haptic technology and the classification of the differences between tactile sensation and tactile quality is essential for the development of the relevant pulse simulator for OSCE in traditional Korean medicine. Conclusions: The introduction and controversial issues of OSCE and methodology of pulse wave reappearance system are proposed for the objectification of Traditional Korean Medicine and the development of clinical technology.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.459-464
• /
• 2010

Computer programs are required from all areas in society including machine, space, aviation, and medicine. However, the programming curriculum is getting hard despite a lot of teaching materials and video lessons. Programming languages are very diverse, but most of them use the same structure, and they only have different expression methods. Therefore, if one learns one programming language, then it doesn't need to spend a lot of time and efforts to learn another programming langue. Most programming languages use the structure of sequence, selection, and repletion in general. The important thing for programming learners is the structure or algorithm of programming not the grammar of program. This study designed and implemented the language learning system to learn structured programming by using a flowchart.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the coping and self-care behaviors between the individual and group education using the structured programs for the patients in chemotherapy. Methods: The quasi experimental study was designed for this study, and 30 patients received individual education and 30 patients received group education. Collecting data had been done through the seven months from March to Oct. 2011. Results: Hypothesis 1: "There could be differences in aspects of coping between the two groups educated using a structured education program" was rejected (F=2.71, p=.105). Hypothesis 2: "The individually educated group using the structured education program will have higher scores than the group education in self-care behaviors" was supported because there were statistically significant differences (F=4.16, p=.046). Conclusion: It was confirmed that individual education programs, among the patient education for cancer patients can be adopted as nursing intervention in nursing practice to improve self-care behaviors. However, there were no differences between th two group in the aspects of coping.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2001

As progressing rapidly to the information society and increasing greatly the amount of information, many researchers have been made utilizing XML to store and retrieval the information effectively. But, many other existing method could not support various structured retrieval method for specific parent, children and sibling nodes. In this paper, we propose (1)an effective method of representation for structured information and of indexing mechanism using OETID(Ordered Element Type ID) for effective management and structured retrieval of the XML documents. Also it contains another proposal that is (2) a documents integration mechanism for retrieval result and storing technique to store structural information of the XML documents. With our methods, we could effectively represent structural information of XML documents, and could directly access the specific elements and process various queries by simple operations.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 2022

Background: Woosuk University College of Pharmacy delivered patient counseling education and administered Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) by utilizing standardized patients (SP) in Introductory Pharmacy Practice course. Surveys were conducted to examine students' perception of SP and its impact on experiential education. Methods: Students learned patient counseling by didactic lecture and role-play, followed by hands-on practice with SP. Then, patient counseling skills were assessed during OSCE by utilizing SP. The first survey was conducted immediately after OSCE, and the second survey after the completion of Pharmacy Practice Experiences (PPEs). Results: According to the surveys, majority of the students agreed that utilizing SP was effective in building confidence for conducting patient counseling, reflecting on strengths and weaknesses of communication skills, and preparing for PPEs. It was particularly more effective than role-play in simulating patient counseling in a real pharmacy and reflecting on oneself. Also, OSCE was an appropriate method to assess patient counseling skills and utilizing SP for this purpose was well-suited. Conclusion: Although it is very new in South Korea, other developed countries are already widely utilizing SP, and its importance and necessity have been proven by several studies. Therefore, Korean colleges of pharmacy should begin discussing how to utilize SP to improve students' communications skills and implementing OSCE to evaluate those skills.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.382-398
• /
• 2020

This study aims to analyze the relationship between scientific content knowledge of science-gifted elementary students and their expression of scientific creativity, and the characteristics of divided groups according to the levels of their scientific content knowledge and scientific creativity. A science-gifted program was implemented to 33 forth-graders in the Science-Gifted Education Center of an education office in Seoul, Korea. The method of evaluating scientific knowledge was divided into well-structured paper-pencil test (asking specific and limited range of content knowledge of plants) and ill-structured descriptive test (stating all the knowledge they know about plants) to find out which methods were more related to scientific creativity. In addition, in order to find out the characteristics of each group according to the level of scientific content knowledge and scientific creativity, students were required to answer a questionnaire about their own self-perception of scientific knowledge and scientific creativity and how to obtain scientific knowledge. The main results of this study are as follows. First, Both well-structured paper-pencil test (r=.38) and ill-structured descriptive test (r=.51) results of elementary science gifted students were significantly correlated with scientific creativity. Second, As a result of the regression analysis on scientific creativity of science-gifted elementary students, both the knowledge measured by the two evaluation methods have the ability to explain scientific creativity. Third, the students were categorized into four groups according to the levels of their scientific content knowledge and their expression of scientific creativity, and the result showed that the higher the knowledge of science, the higher the scientific creativity. Fourth, the description about self-perception of scientific knowledge revealed that the highest percentage of Type LL students of all 13 students (53.8%, 7 students) answered 'I have little knowledge of plants because I have little interest in them.' Fifth, the description about self-perception of scientific knowledge revealed that the highest percentage of Type HH students of all 15 students (40%, 6 students) answered 'I think my science creativity is high through my experience of scientific creativity. Sixth, the responses to the Questionnaire revealed that 'reading' was the most popular way to obtain scientific knowledge, with 27 out of total 33 students choosing it. In particular, all 18 students from Type HH (high scientific knowledge and high scientific creativity) and Type HL (high scientific knowledge and low scientific creativity) - those with high scientific knowledge - gave that response. On the basis of this research, we should explore practical teaching methods and environment for gifted students to improve their scientific creativity by revealing the nature of the factors that affect scientific creativity and analyzing relationship between knowledge and scientific creativity.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2021

Students must be familiar with clinical skills before starting clinical practice to ensure patients' safety and enable efficient learning. However, performance is mainly tested in the third or fourth years of medical school, and studies using the validity framework have not been reported in Korea. We analyzed the validity of a performance test conducted among second-year students classified into content, response process, internal structure, relationships with other variables, and consequences according to Messick's framework. As results of the analysis, content validity was secured by developing cases according to a pre-determined blueprint. The quality of the response process was controlled by training and calibrating raters. The internal structure showed that (1) reliability by generalizability theory was acceptable (coefficients of 0.724 and 0.786, respectively, for day 1 and day 2), and (2) the relevant domains had proper correlations, while the clinical performance examination (CPX) and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) showed weaker relationships. OSCE/CPX scores were correlated with other variables, especially grade point average and oral structured exam scores. The consequences of this assessment were (1) making students learn clinical skills and study themselves, while causing too much stress for students due to lack of motivation; (2) reminding educators of the need to apply practical teaching methods and to give feedback on the test results; and (3) providing an opportunity for faculty to consider developing support programs. It is necessary to develop the blueprint more precisely according to students' level and to verify the validity of the response process with statistical methods.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.87-112
• /
• 2022

Objectives : This study reviewed existing studies on clinical examination of Korean medicine to investigate the trends and gaps of existing research on clinical performance examination (CPX) or objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in Korean medicine education. Methods : We conducted a scoping review according to the five steps suggested by Arksey and O'Malley. Six databases(RISS, OASIS, KMBASE, KISS, ScienceON, and DBpia) were searched and studies published from 2012 to July 15, 2022 were considered. The subjects of the study were limited to domestic studies about OSCE or CPX conducted in Korean medicine education. Results : Among the 25 selected papers, 17 studies implemented OSCE or CPX in practice. Those studies were conducted in 8 clinical departments and 9 of them used standardized patients. All 14 survey studies reported positive answers in satisfaction, efficacy, and self-assessment. OSCE, CPX scoring items were developed by modifying existing tools or developing through expert surveys or through literature review and significant cases. Conclusions : This study is expected to be used as basic data for following studies and promote clinical examination. From now on, the colleges of Korean medicine should proceed research on large-scale students about extended subjects through various research methods to obtain objective results that can be generalized and acquire validity and reliability. In order to promote such research, it is necessary to induce cooperation from institutions related to Korean Medicine and local universities to develop modules, implement, and conduct post-evaluation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.06c
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2000

New methods for storing and retrieving semi-structured data such XML documents has been recently studied. In this paper, we concern querying of XML data stored in relational tables. We first describe a method of querying XML documents using Oracle XDK, especially XSQL Servlet. We then apply the method to XML documents describing book information.