• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 컴퓨팅 자원이 제한된 환경에서도 효율적으로 동작 가능한 머신비전 기반의 보행자 신호 검출 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 이 알고리즘은 제한된 자원에서도 높은 효율성을 발휘하며, 주변 조명 등의 영향을 최소화하기 위해 HSV 색공간 기반의 영상처리, 이진화, 모폴로지 연산, 라벨링 등의 단계를 순차적으로 적용하여 빛 번짐과 같은 현상에 대응할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 특히, 이 알고리즘은 비교적 단순한 형태로 구성되어 임베디드 시스템 환경에서 부담 없이 동작할 수 있도록 고려되었다. 이를 통해 낮은 컴퓨팅 자원을 보유한 환경에서도 안정적으로 작동할 수 있는 구조를 갖췄다. 또한, 제안된 보행등은 보행신호 검출 기능뿐만 아니라 IoT 기능을 탑재하여 무선으로 웹서버와 연동되는 기능을 갖췄다. 이에 따라 보행등 설치자 및 제어권자들은 웹 서버를 통해 신호등의 상태를 모니터링하고 제어할 수 있는 편의성을 제공받을 수 있다. 더불어, 50W급 LED 보행등을 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 구현이 완료되었다. 이러한 제안된 시스템은 자원 제한 환경에서의 신속하고 효율적인 보행자 신호 검출 및 제어 시스템으로, 실제 도로 환경에서의 적용 가능성을 고려하고 있다. 이를 통해 보다 안전하고 지능적인 도로 교통 시스템의 구축에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 고속으로 홀로그램을 생성할 수 있는 하드웨어의 구조를 제안하고 이를 구현하였다. 제안한 하드웨어는 홀로그램 평면의 행 단위로 병렬 연산을 수행할 수 있는 구조를 가지고 있고, 한 행의 각 홀로그램 화소들이 독립적으로 연산될 수 있는 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 이러한 연산 방법을 통해서 홀로그램 생성 하드웨어서 가장 문제가 되는 메모리 접근량을 대폭 감소시킴으로써 하드웨어 처리능력의 실시간성을 대폭 향상시켰다. 제안한 하드웨어는 입력 인터페이스, 초기 파라미터 연산기, 홀로그램 화소 연산기, 라인 버퍼, 그리고 메모리 제어기로 구성된다. 제안한 하드웨어는 기존의 하드웨어와 동일한 처리 능력을 가지면서도 메모리 접근횟수는 약 20,000배 감소시킬 수 있었다. 구현한 하드웨어는 198MHz에서 안정적으로 동작할 수 있었고, 168,960개의 LUT, 153,944개의 레지스터, 그리고 19,212개의 DSP 블록을 사용하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.8.1-8.1
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• 2011

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) materials have been widely used as an electron collector in DSSC. This is required to have an extremely high porosity and surface area such that the dye can be sufficiently adsorbed and be electronically interconnected, resulting in the generation of a high photocurrent within cells. In particular, their geometrical structures and crystalline phase have been extensively investigated as important issues in improving its photovoltaic efficiency. In this study, we present a new strategy to fabricate a photoelectrode having a periodic structured $TiO_2$ film templated from 1D or 3D polystyrene (PS) microspheres array. Monodisperse PS spheres of various radiuses were used for colloidal array on FTO glasses and two types of photoelectrode structures with different $TiO_2$ materials were investigated respectively. One is the igloo-shaped electrode prepared by $TiO_2$ deposition by RF-sputtering onto 2D microsphere-templated substrates. At the interface between the film and substrate, there are voids formed by the decomposition of PS microspheres during the calcination step. These holes might be expected to play the predominant roles as scattering spherical voids to promote a light harvesting effect, a spacious structure for electrolytes with higher viscosity and effective paths for electron transfer. Additionally the nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ phase prepared by the RF-sputtering method was previously reported to improve the electron drift mobility within $TiO_2$ electrodes. This yields solar cells with a cell efficiency of 2.45% or more at AM 1.5 illumination, which is a very remarkable result, considering its $TiO_2$ electrode thickness (<2 ${\mu}m$). This study can be expanded to obtain higher cell efficiency by higher dye loading through the increase of surface area or multi-layered stacking. The other is the inverse opal photonic crystal electrode prepared by titania particles infusion within 3D colloidal arrays. To obtain the enlargement of ordered area and high quality of crystallinity, the synthesis of titania particles coated with a organic thin layer were applied instead of sol-gel process using the $TiO_2$ precursors. They were dispersed so well in most solvents without aggregates and infused successfully within colloidal array structures. This ordered mesoporous structure provides the large surface area leading to the enough adsorption of dye molecules and have an light harvesting effect due to the photonic band gap properties (back-and-forth reflection effects within structures). A major advantage of this colloidal array template method is that the pore size and its distribution within $TiO_2$ photoelectrodes are determined by those of latex beads, which can be controlled easily. These materials may have promising potentials for future applications of membrane, sensor and so on as well as solar cells.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

뼈는 단계별 (hierarchical) 구조를 가진 복합 재료이며 독특한 구조와 기계적 특성 때문에 재료공학 분야에서 많이 연구되어져 왔다. 뼈는 주로 hydroxyapatite, 콜라겐과 물로 구성된 층판형 유 무기 재료 복합체이다. 주요 무기물로써 hydroxyapatite로 잘 알려진 calcium phosphate를 통하여 뼈는 특유의 강도를 유지하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 광학 현미경(LM)과 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 구조를 연구하였다. 구성물질 분석은 대퇴골의 calcium, potassium, oxygen 분포 변화를 알아보는데 이용하였다. 실험은 두 구조 범위에 중점을 두었다: micro scale에서 치밀골의 배열을, nano scale에서 콜라겐 섬유와 apatite 결정을 관찰하였다. Micro scale에서 닭과 토끼 대퇴골 구조의 뚜렷한 차이점이 발견되었다. Nano scale에서는 apatite 결정의 모양과 크기 그리고 콜라겐의 배열을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 토끼와 닭은 종이 다름에도 불구하고 nano scale에서는 화학성분과 구조가 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics related to self assertiveness in teenage girls, and to identify the relationship between the self assertiveness and sexual experiences in teenage girls in Korea. The subjects for this study were 12,733 girls from an accessible population of 19,000 girls who were a multi-stage cluster sample from a population of 1,988,902 girls attending to 4,684 schools in the seven large cities and nine provinces of Korea. The response rate was 68.9%. Data were collected by mail from October 2 to October 28, 2000. A structured questionnaire of 125 items which included measurement of general characteristics, sexual experiences, and self-assertiveness was used. The sexual experiences were defined as dating, holding hands, putting arms on the shoulders, light kissing, French kissing, touching breasts, touching genitalia, and coitus. The self assertiveness measurement was developed by S. B. Chang et al.(2000) and has a Cronbach's alpha of .6031. Data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 Program using descriptive statistics, reliability, and t-test. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The subjects were from 9th to 11th graders and 42.7% answered that they followed their partner's request. The range for the self assertiveness score was 7-21 out of a possible range of 7-21. The group of girls who were in vocational schools, lived away from family or in rural areas, attended night school, took part in drinking, smoking, and glue inhalation, who had cyber sex or phone sex or were exposed to pornography, and who had run away from home showed significantly lower self assertiveness scores than those without these characteristics (P<.05). 2. The group which had experience in dating(t=2.379, P=.017), French kissing (t=5.425, P=.000), touching breasts (t=8.637, P=.000), touching genitalia (t=6.057, P=.000), and coitus(t=6.057, P=.000) showed significantly lower self assertiveness scores than the group which had not had these sexual experiences. But there was no difference in the self assertiveness scores between the group which had experience of holding hands, light kissing, and using contraceptives compared to the group which did not. It can be concluded that the group which had delinquent behavior showed lower self assertiveness, and the lower self assertiveness led to unwanted sexual experiences. It is suggested that self assertiveness training be provided for the group with delinquent behavior as a first priority, and then analyze of the process of self assertiveness in relation to sexual experiences.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 홀로그램의 기본 원리인 빛의 간섭현상을 수학적 연산을 통하여 획득하는 컴퓨터 생성 홀로그램의 고속 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이를 하드웨어로 구현한다. 컴퓨터 생성 홀로그램을 고속화하기 위하여 연산 식을 변형하여 병렬 연산이 가능하도록 하며, 이를 두 종류의 (초기 연산 셀과 추가 연산 셀) 구조로 하드웨어를 구현한다. 병렬 연산 알고리즘은 홀로그램의 화소 맨 좌측 열의 값만 연산한 후 나머지 열의 화소 값은 모두 동시에 구할 수 있는 알고리즘으로, 초기 연산 셀은 화소 맨 좌측 값을 연산하고, 나머지 열의 값은 추가 연산 셀로 연산하는 방법이다. 최대 동작 주파수는 약 215MHz이었으며, 이 동작 주파수를 기준으로 기존의 방법들 중 가장 우수한 성능을 보이는 방법과 동일하게 환경을 설정하여 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 초당 62.9 CGH 프레임을 연산하는 기존의 방법에 비해 제안한 방법은 초당 81.75 CGH 프레임을 연산하여 약 1.3배의 속도가 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2012

A hyper branched 10-butylphenothiazine with in-situ thermally curable methacrylate (1,3,5-tris-[$\{$10-Butyl-3-(4-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)-phenyl)-7-yl-10H-phenothiazine$\}$]-benzene, (tris-PTMA)) was synthesized successfully. From the TGA thermogram of tris-PTMA was thermally stable up to $336^{\circ}C$. In the first heating scan of DSC thermogram, tris-PTMA showed glass transition temperature (Tg) at $140^{\circ}C$ and broad endothermic process in the region of $144-179^{\circ}C$, which is thermally curing temperature. In the second heating process, $T_g$ exhibited at $158.7^{\circ}C$ and endothermic process was not observed. Thermally cured tris-PTMA showed no big change in the UV-visible spectrum after washing with organic solvent such as methylene chloride, chloroform, toluene, indicating that thermally cured film was very good solvent resistance. Thermally cured tris-PTMA was electrochemically stable and the HOMO energy level of tris-PTMA was -5.54 eV. The maximum luminance efficiency of double layer structured polymer light-emitting diode based on in-situ thermally cured tris-PTMA was 0.685 cd/A at 16.0 V, which was higher than that of the device without thermally cured tris-PTMA (0.348 cd/A at 15.0 V).

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2016

Many industrial processes require reliable temperature measurements in harsh environments with high temperature, dust, humidity, and pressure. However, commercially-available conventional temperature measurement devices are not suitable for use in such conditions. This study thus proposes a reliable, durable two-color radiation thermometer (RT) for harsh environments that was developed by selecting the appropriate components, designing a suitable mechanical structure, and compensating environmental factors such as absorption by particles and gases. The two-color RT has a simple, compactly-designed probe with a well-structured data acquisition system combined with efficient LabVIEW-based code. As a result, the RT can measure the temperature in real time, ranging from 300 to $900^{\circ}C$ in extremely harsh environments, such as that above the burden zone of a blast furnace. The error in the temperature measurements taken with the proposed two-color RT compared to that obtained using K-type thermocouple readouts was within 6.1 to $1.4^{\circ}C$ at a temperature range from 200 to $700^{\circ}C$. The effects of absorption by gases including $CO_2$, CO and $H_2O$ and the scattering by fine particles were calculated to find the transmittance of the two wavelength bands of operation through the path between the measured burden surface and the two-color probe. This method is applied to determine the transmittance of the short and long wavelength bands to be 0.31 and 0.51, respectively. Accordingly, the signals that were measured were corrected, and the true burden surface temperature was calculated. The proposed two-color RT and the correction method can be applied to measure temperatures in harsh environments where light-absorbing gases and scattering particles exist and optical components can be contaminated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1933-1938
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• 2009

New $\pi$-conjugated polymer with vinylene linkage, poly((10-hexyl-3,7-phenothiazine)-alt-(4-(4-butyl-phenyl)- 3,5-diphenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazole)-3,5-vinylene) (PTV-TAZ) was synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction. The photoluminescence (PL) maximum wavelength and the band gap energy of PTV-TAZ film were 555 nm and 2.41 eV, respectively. The HOMO energy level of PTV-TAZ was -4.99 eV, which was slightly lower than that of PTV (-4.89 eV). Electron deficient aromatic 1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) in the polymer backbone does not affect the HOMO energy level significantly. The maximum efficiency and brightness of double layer structured electroluminescent (EL) device (ITO/PEDOT (30 nm)/PTV-TAZ (60 nm)/Al) were 0.247 cd/A and 553 cd/$m^2$, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the device based PTV (1.65 ${\times}\;10^{-4}$ cd/A and 4.3 cd/$m^2$). This is due to that TAZ unit improves electron transporting ability in the emissive layer. The turn-on voltage (defined as the voltage required to give a luminescence of 1 cd/$m^2$) of brightness of the device based on PTV-TAZ was 12.0 V, which was similar to that the based on PTV (11.5 V). This is due to that the ionization potential of PTV-TAZ is very similar to that of PTV.