• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.879-886
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• 2016

As is in all economic activities, the highest yield per unit area is the main goal in animal production, while addressing the temperamental needs of animals often is ignored. Animal welfare is not only an ethical fact; it also has an economic value. Spatial environmental enrichment contributes positively to animal welfare by addressing their behavioral and mental requirements. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of weaning and spatial environmental arrangements on behaviors of goat-kids. Experimental groups were arranged in structured and unstructured spatial environments. Roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge, and wood block were placed in the structured environment. No equipment was placed in the unstructured environment and paddock sides were enclosed with an iron sheet to prevent bipedal stance and to provide environmental isolation. In the study 10 male and 10 female Turkish Saanen goat kids were used in each group. Spatial environmental arrangements did not have significant impacts on the growth performance of kids (p>0.05). All objects in the structured group were accepted by the kids. Average use ratios of roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge and wood block were observed as 19.3%, 14.0%, 12.6%, 3.8%, and 0.7%, respectively. There were significant differences between before- and after-weaning in use of all objects except for underneath bridge ($p{\leq}0.05$). Concentrate feed consumption, locomotion, and resting behaviors in kids showed significant differences by structural group and growth period. Roughage consumption was similar between groups, while it differed by growth period ($p{\leq}0.05$). Interaction frequency was significantly higher in structured group (p = 0.0023). Playing behavior significantly differentiated based on the growth period rather than on groups ($p{\leq}0.05$). Playing behavior significantly decreased after weaning. Abnormal oral activity was significantly higher in the structured group before weaning ($p{\leq}0.05$). Despite there being no installations facilitating climbing and bipedal stance, the kids of the unstructured group were able to exhibit 1/3 as much bipedal stance behavior as the kids of the structured group through leaning over slippery paddock wall or over their groupmates. Bipedal stance behavior of unstructured group was similar before and after weaning, while bipedal stance behavior before weaning was about 2 times that of after weaning in structured group. It was concluded that unstructured environmental arrangement limited the behavior repertoire of the goat kids.

• 한국정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보시스템학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.202-213
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• 2004

An effective use of information and communications technology is thought of as critical for achieving corporate competitiveness. This study identifies patterns of corporate use of communications technology, and examines how the use of those technologies is associated with business strategies and the level of information intensity. A survey study on a sample of Korean corporations shows that the use of communications technology is closely related both to business strategy and information intensity, and that communications technologies can be divided into two types in terms of their usage pattern. The structured communication technology is found to be related to the tools and services that support structured tasks, and the The unstructured technology to the tools the use of which is less structured and more flexible. Cost-based strategy is found to be closely related to the use of structured communication technology, while differentiation strategy is closely related to the use of unstructured communication technology.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2014

지난 수년간 스마트 폰 같은 스마트 기기의 빠른 확산과 함께 인터넷과 SNS 등 소셜 미디어가 급성장함에 따라 개인 정보와 소비패턴, 위치 정보 등이 포함된 가치 있는 데이터가 매 순간 엄청난 양으로 생성되고 있으며, M2M (Machine to Machine)과 IoT (Internet of Things) 등이 활성화되면서 IT 및 생산인프라 자체도 다량의 데이터를 직접 생성하기 시작했다. 본 연구는 기업에서 활용할 수 있는 빅데이터의 대표적 유형인 정형 및 비정형 데이터의 적용사례를 고찰함으로써 데이터 유형에 따른적용 영역별 파급효과를 알아본다. 또한 일반적으로 알려져 있는 비정형 빅데이터는 물론 정형빅데이터를 활용하여 실제로 기업에 보다 나은 가치를 창출할 수 있는 방안을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이에 대한연구 결과로 빅데이터의 기업내 활동이 나아갈 수 있는 지향점으로써 내 외부에서 발생하는 정형데이터와 비정형 데이터를 적절히 결합함으로써 분석의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2011

최근 모바일 기기의 사용 급증에 따라 모바일 애드혹 네트워크(MANET, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks)에서 사용하는 모바일 P2P(Peer to Peer)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 그에 대한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. P2P 방식은 구조적인(Structured) P2P 방식과 비구조적인(Unstructured) P2P 방식으로 분류할 수 있다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서 구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘은 정보의 인접성을 고려하지 않아 컨트롤 트래픽이 증가하는 문제가 있으며, 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘은 노드 수가 많아질 경우 확장성에 문제가 있다. 그래서 구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘과 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘의 장점을 취합한 하이브리드(Hybrid) 방식의 P2P 알고리즘이 제안 되었다. 본 논문에서는 하이브리드 P2P 방식 중 클러스터 기반(Cluster-based)의 P2P 알고리즘의 컨트롤 트래픽을 분석하고, 이에 관한 최적 클러스터 구성을 도출하였다. 이러한 최적 클러스터 구성 사용시, 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘 중 대표적인 Gnutella 보다 더 좋은 성능을 나타냄을 보였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2021

Computational simulations of turbulent flows around a model ship have been performed to investigate an influence of TVD schemes on the accuracy of advective terms associated with ship resistances. Several TVD schemes including upwind, second-order upwind, vanLeer, and QUICK as well as a nonTVD linear scheme were studied by examining temporal and spatial characteristics of accuracy transition in adjacent cells to the hull. Even though vanLeer scheme was the most accurate among TVD schemes in both structured and unstructured grid systems, the ratio of accuracy switch from 2^nd order to 1^st order in vanLeer scheme was considerable compared with the 2^nd order linear scheme. Also, the accuracy transition was observed to be overally scattered in the unstructured grid while the accuracy transition in the structured grid appeared relatively clustered. It concluded that TVD schemes had to be carefully used in computational simulations of turbulent flows around a model ship due to the loss of accuracy despite its attraction of numerical stability.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

A field reconstruction scheme for a cell centered finite volume method on unstructured meshes is developed. Regardless of mesh quality, this method is exact within a machine accuracy if the solution is linear, which means it has full second order accuracy. It does not have any limitation on cell shape except convexity of the cells and recovers standard discretization stencils at structured orthogonal grids. Accuracy comparisons with other popular reconstruction schemes are performed on a simple example.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2019

It has been reported that large amounts of information on agri-foods were delivered to consumers through television and social networks, and the information may influence consumers' behavior. The purpose of this paper was first to analyze relations of social network service and broadcasting program on paprika consumption in the aspect of amounts to purchase and identify potential factors that can promote paprika consumption; second, to develop prediction models of paprika consumption by using structured and unstructured big data. By using data 2010-2017, cross-correlation and time-series prediction algorithms (autoregressive exogenous model and vector error correction model), statistically significant correlations between paprika consumption and television programs/shows and blogs mentioning paprika and diet were identified with lagged times. When paprika and diet related data were added for prediction, these data improved the model predictability. This is the first report to predict paprika consumption by using structured and unstructured data.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1211-1214
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• 1999

Power system operating conditions vary with system configuration and loading conditions. Coefficients in nominal system model change in a complex manner with different operating point and so does system dynamic behavior. With the aid of unstructured and structured uncertainty descriptions the worst system variations can be estimated and formulated into two different uncertainty models multiplicative unstructured uncertainty in the form of transfer function and structured uncertainty with the parametric uncertainty description. in frequency domain

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2218-2229
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• 2006

A conservative finite-volume numerical method for unstructured grids with the cell-centered method has been developed for computing flow and heat transfer by combining the attractive features of the existing pressure-based procedures with the advances made in unstructured grid techniques. This method uses an integral form of governing equations for arbitrary convex polyhedra. Care is taken in the discretization and solution procedure to avoid formulations that are cell-shape-specific. A collocated variable arrangement formulation is developed, i.e. all dependent variables such as pressure and velocity are stored at cell centers. For both convective and diffusive fluxes the forms superior to both accuracy and stability are particularly adopted and formulated through a systematic study on the existing approximation ones. Gradients required for the evaluation of diffusion fluxes and for second-order-accurate convective operators are computed by using a linear reconstruction based on the divergence theorem. Momentum interpolation is used to prevent the pressure checkerboarding and a segregated solution strategy is adopted to minimize the storage requirements with the pressure-velocity coupling by the SIMPLE algorithm. An algebraic solver using iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for the solution of linearized equations. The flow analysis code (PowerCFD) developed by the present method is evaluated for its application to several 2-D structured-mesh benchmark problems using a variety of unstructured quadrilateral and triangular meshes. The present flow analysis code by using unstructured grids with the cell-centered method clearly demonstrate the same accuracy and robustness as that for a typical structured mesh.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

직업훈련 교육 현장에서 느끼는 가장 큰 어려움 중 하나는 중도탈락 문제이다. 훈련과정마다 많은 수의 학생들이 중도탈락을 하게 되어 국가 예산 낭비 및 청년 취업률 개선에 장애 요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중도탈락의 원인을 주로 분석한 기존 연구들과 달리, 각종 수강생 정보를 활용하여 사전에 중도탈락을 예측할 수 있는 기계학습 기반 모형을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 본 연구의 제안모형은 수강생 관련 정형 데이터 뿐 아니라 비정형 데이터인 강사의 상담일지 정보까지 동시에 고려하여 모형의 예측정확도를 제고하고자 하였다. 이 때 비정형 데이터에 대한 분석은 최근 주목받고 있는 텍스트 분석 기술인 Word2vec과 합성곱 신경망을 이용해 수행하였다. 국내 한 직업훈련기관의 실제 데이터에 제안모형을 적용해 본 결과, 정형데이터만을 사용하여 중도탈락을 예측할 때보다 비정형 데이터를 함께 고려했을 때 예측의 정확도가 최대 20%까지 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러, Support Vector Machine을 기반으로 정형 데이터와 비정형 데이터를 결합해 분석했을 때, 검증용 데이터셋 기준으로 90% 후반대의 높은 예측 정확도를 나타냄을 확인하였다.