• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.707-718
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• 2012

This study was conducted to monitor 4 years of changes in the vegetation structure starting from 2007 when restoration began and propose vegetation management ideas for the riparian ecological restoration areas in the purchased land around Nakdonggang(River). The study was conducted in each of 15 locations ($208,342m^2$) in the riparian ecological restoration areas in November 2007, September 2008, October 2009 and September 2010. The analysis results of the changes in planting species and population showed that, in the case of trees, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Quercus acutissima, Acer ginnala, Quercus aliena, Quercus variabilis indicated relatively little changes in their numbers and Quercus dentata, Cornus walteri, Morus alba, Styrax obassia, Sorbus alnifolia var. macrophylla indicated a 100% withering rate. Most shrubs withered due to the oppressive pressure of herbs and climbing plants. The planting density decreased over 4 years on average 28 plants/$100m^2$ to 20 plants/$100m^2$ to 16 plants/$100m^2$. Shortly after the restoration, The the amount of growth was reduced by restoration stress. however as time goes on after the restoration tended to stabilize. The changes in the basal area showed a decrease from $507.1cm^2/100m^2$ in 2007 right after restoration to $301.8cm^2/100m^2$ in 2008 and afterwards showed an increasing trend by going to $324.9cm^2/100m^2$ in 2009 and $372.7cm^2/100m^2$ in 2010. To improve the planting structure of the riparian ecological restoration area, the selection of tree species that have been considered for soil moisture and the differentiation of suitable planting structures that have been considered for local conditions were needed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.77-93
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• 2007

According to documentary records Woljeong-gyo(stone bridge) is built in 760(Silla the 35th King Gyeongdeok 19) and used as original function until 1280(Goryeo the 25th King Chungryeol 6) as Chunyang-gyo. But in those days "Donggyeongjapgi" was published in 1669(Joseon Hyeonjong 10) we assume that it was lost its original function. There are four pier in the type of a ship with the same distance in the middle of river. We can see it is the site of bridge as parts of stonework of bridge are remained. In 1975 the abutments and piers are surveyed and in 1984 stone investigation twice and excavation three times which were to plan restoration were done. Now the restoration of abutments both ends are worked. For restoration of Woljeong-gyo studied documentary records and excavation recoeds were collected and examined. It helped to see the bridge in southern China twice to restore the bridge. Unearthed articles such as yeonham(a kind of member to support roof tiles) and giwa(roof tile) gave decisive clues to assume upper structure of the bridge and from Chinese bridges are helped to type of the bridge. It is certain Woljeong-gyo was ranggyo which means that upper structure was made with wooden members and the stone piers shaped of a ship below and near the abutments both ends another buildings were. Youngjocheok(the architectural measure) of this bridge is similar to gokcheok(the metal measure, 301.84mm) used now that the length of piers is 46choek(尺), the width of that is 9choek(尺), the length between two piers is 42choek(尺), the length between abutment and pier is 38choek(尺). Also we can see that entirely the length of the bridge is 210choek(尺), width is 40choek(尺).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

Given the structure of Korean mountains, it is more appropriate to apply the relative elevation method than the absolute elevation method. However, so far there were not suitable quantitative methodologies to analyze relative elevation, these analytical concepts were difficult to be utilized in urban environmental planning. This study suggested three methods for analyzing relative elevation, and one method for setting the analytical scope of relative elevation by calculating terrain relief. The results showed that the procedure considering 500m radius of each point and standardizing to 30% of the 7th height ridge was the most effective method to extract the local topography. This methodology is the quantitative tool to be able to conserve local important hills and ridges, and apply to fields of urban environmental planning and ecological restoration, especially urban ecological network.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.38-51
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze of biotope types and to develop assessment for forest ecosystem evaluation method. Vegetation types divided into 27 types. Considering the vegetation types, vegetation structures, DBH, potentials, and disturbance, it was decided to apply 58 biotope types and survey site's biotopes were divided into 24 biotope types. Assessment indicators were naturaliness, diversity, rarity, stability, potential, and disturbance. The areas given the first grade in ecological value included 9.2% of the site's total land. Areas with the second grade accounted for 43.0% of the total land. Areas with the third grade made up 47.8% of the site and mostly they were areas with dominance of fired area and artificial forest. To plan to build naturally-development for Site, there should be plans to conserve areas with the first grades. For the areas with the second, and third grades, plans for ecological land use based on conservation and restoration in terms of securing biodiversity are needed.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.113-118
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• 2002

Vegetation and riverine structures were compared among urban and several semi-natural rivers by applying direct gradient analysis and ordination method. Urban rivers showed different species composition from the semi-natural ones. Species composition of semi-natural rivers depended on the geographical positions, such as the upstream, midstream, and downstream and on micro-topographies, such as the waterside, flooding bed, and embankment. Semi-natural rivers showed gentle change in micro-topography, whereas urban one did not so. Our restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the degraded urban river by imitating semi-natural river was prepared based on those data.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2009

This paper presents benefits of multi-agent system approach and its application to the distribution automation system. Special attention is devoted to the description of hardware and communication platform used to upgrade the conventional distribution automation system structure. Service restoration of primary distribution system is selected as an example of the multi-agent system application. Application of the algorithm for multi-agent based service restoration technique is disclosed in detail. Real field test in Gochang test center of KEPCO has been performed to establish the feasibility of proposed technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

In heavy industrial fields such as power plant and chemical plant, it is often necessary to restore a damaged part of large machinery or structure which is installed in the hazard working place. In this paper, to evaluate the safety of plastic deformed cylindrical beam a finite element technique has been used. The variations of residual stresses on the process of damaging and restoring for surfaces and cross-sections have been examined. The results show that the maximum von Mises stresses occur outer cylinder surfaces of boundary between cylindrical beam support md cylindrical beam when deformation procedure and restoring force is applied. The maximum residual stress remains 158.6MPa in the inner wall and this value correspond to $53\%$ of yield stress then restoration procedure is finished.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2020

We describe an approach that uses a bilateral filter to reduce the ringing artifact in motion-blurred restoration image. It takes into account the specific physical structure of the ringing artifact combined with the properties of the human visual system. To properly reduce the ringing artifact, each of the adjacent pixels is limited in a straight line which has a given direction. To protect the edges and the texture regions of an image, our algorithm divides the image into texture regions and flat regions, and the artifact reduction algorithm is only applied to the flat region. Finally, we use 8 typical images and 5 objective quality evaluation indices to evaluate our algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm can obtain better results in subjective visual effect and in objective image quality evaluation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 1994

This thesis investigates an expert system(ES) to propose fault restoration plan by utilizing tree search strategies. In order to cope with an extensive amount of data and frequent breaker switching operations in distribution systems, the database of system configuration is constructed by using binary trees. This remarkably enhances the efficiency of search algorithm and makes the proposed ES easily adaptable to system changes due to switching operations. The rule-base is established to fully utilize the meris of tree-structured database. The inferring strategy is developed mainly based on the best-first search algorithm to increase computation efficiency. The proposed ES has been implemented to efficiently deal with large distribution systems by reducing computational burden remarkably compared with the conventional ES's.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2002

Vegetation and riverine structures were compared among urban and several semi-natural rivers by applying direct gradient analysis and ordination method. Urban rivers showed different species composition from the semi-natural ones. Species composition of semi-natural rivers depended on the geographical positions, such as the upstream, midstream, and downstream and on micro-topographies, such as the waterside, flooding bed, and embankment. Semi-natural rivers showed gentle change in micro-topography, whereas urban one did not so. Our restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the degraded urban river by imitating semi-natural river was prepared based on those data.