• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.775-779
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• 2007

The structural strength assessment of a carbody was performed using F.E. analysis and static test to verify the structural safety of newly manufactured carbody of a freight car. The freight car for the transportation of cold-rolled coils in steel making company was designed with SS400 steel for underframe and SM490A steel for bracket. Prior to the evaluation of structural strength, commercial finite element method(FEM) software was used for the stress and structural analyses on stress distribution in a carbody of freight car. The strain gages were attached on the carbody based on the FEM results. The actual vertical loading test and horizontal compression loading test were conducted, and the stress and displacement were obtained. Finally, the structural strength of carbody was evaluated by using a engineering techniques.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1993년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.117-124
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• 1993

The Neumann Expansion method has been used for evaluating the response variability of three dimensional truss structure resulting from the spatial variability of material properties with the aid of the finite element method, and in conjunction with the direct Monte Carlo simulation methods. The spatial variabilites are modeled as three-dimensional stochastic field. Yamazaki 〔1〕 has extended the Neumann Expansion method to the plane-strain problem to obtain the response variability of 2 dimensional stochastic systems. This paper presents the extension of the Neumann Expansion method to 3 dimensional stochastic systems. The results by the NEM are compared with those by the deterministic finite element analysis and by the direct Monte Carlo simulation method

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.807-829
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• 2004

The Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation of a 9-node resultant-stress shell element is presented for the isotropic and anisotropic composite material. The effect of the coupling term between the bending strain and displacement has been investigated in the warping problem. The strains, stresses and constitutive equations based on the natural co-ordinate have been used throughout the Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation of the present shell element which offers an advantage of easy implementation compared with the traditional Lagrangian Formulation. The element is free of both membrane and shear locking behavior by using the assumed natural strain method such that the element performs very well in thin shell problems. In composite plates and shells, the transverse shear stiffness is defined by an equilibrium approach instead of using the shear correction factor. The arc-length control method is used to trace complex equilibrium paths in thin shell applications. Several numerical analyses are presented and discussed in order to investigate the capabilities of the present shell element. The results showed very good agreement compared with well-established formulations in the literature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권4호
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• pp.407-426
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• 2020

In this present paper, a semi-analytical mesh-free method is employed for the three-dimensional free vibration analysis of a bi-directional functionally graded piezoelectric circular structure. The dependent variables have been expanded by Fourier series with respect to the circumferential direction and have been discretized through radial and axial directions based on the mesh-free shape function. The current approach has a distinct advantage. The nonlinear Green-Lagrange strain is employed as the relationship between strain and displacement fields to observe thermal impacts in stiffness matrices. Nevertheless, high order terms have been neglected at the final steps of equations driving. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously in both radial and axial directions simultaneously in accordance with a power law distribution. The convergence and validation studies are conducted by comparing our proposed solution with available published results to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach. After the validation study, a parametric study is undertaken to investigate the temperature effects, different types of polarization, mechanical and electric boundary conditions and geometry parameters of structures on the natural frequencies of functionally graded piezoelectric circular structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

In this paper the strain energy density (SED) model is used to analyze the seismic behavior of suspen-domes and a new criterion is established for judging the seismic failure based on a characteristic point in the SED model. Firstly, a nonlinear time-history response analysis was carried out using the finite-element package ANSYS for typical suspen-domes subjected to different ground motions. The seismic responses including nodal displacements, ratios of yielding members, strain energy density and structural maximum deformation energy were extracted corresponding to the increasing peak ground acceleration (A). Secondly, the SED sum ($I_d$) was calculated which revealed that the $I_d-A$ curve exhibited a relatively large change (called a characteristic point) at a certain value of A with a very small load increment after the structures entered the elastic-plastic state. Thirdly, a SED criterion is proposed to judge the seismic failure load based on the characteristic point. Subsequently, the case study verifies the characteristic point and the proposed SED criterion. Finally, this paper describes the unity and application of the SED criterion. The SED method may open a new way for structural appraisal and the SED criterion might give a unified criterion for predicting the failure loads of various structures subjected to dynamic loads.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

This paper aims at investigating the damage process of steel members leading to the failure under strong repeated loading, proposing the damage index using various factors related to the damage, and developing the analysis method for evaluating the damage state. Cantilever-type steel members were analyzed under uniaxial load and combined with a constant axial load, considering a horizontal displacement history. In analyzing the models, loading patterns and steel types (SS400, SM570, Posten80) were considered as main parameters. From the analysis results, the effects of parameter on the failures mode, the deformation capacity, the damage process are also discussed. Each failure process was compared as steel types. Consequently, the failure of steel members under strong repeated loading was determined by loading. Especially it was seen that the state of the failure is closely related to the local strain.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1541-1547
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• 2008

유도가열 방식의 전기보온압력밥솥은 밥솥 전체를 가열하기 때문에 밥맛이 좋고, 빠르게 밥을 지을 수 있는 장점이 있어서 많이 사용되고 있다. 특별히 전기보온압력밥솥의 오븐은 내부에 압력이 작용하기 때문에 안전성 검토가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 변형률을 평가하기 위하여 스트레인 게이지를 이용한 실험을 수행하였고, 그 결과를 유한 요소법을 이용한 구조 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 또한, 영구 변형량을 평가하기 위하여 수부하 실험을 수행하였고, 그 결과를 구조 해석 결과와 비교하였다. 이들 실험과 해석 결과를 통하여 오븐의 안전도를 평가하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.827-838
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• 2021

The dynamic displacement is considered to be an important indicator of structural safety, and becomes an indispensable part of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for high-speed railway bridges. This paper proposes an indirect strain based dynamic displacement reconstruction methodology for high-speed railway box girders. For the typical box girders under eccentric train load, the plane section assumption and elementary beam theory is no longer applicable due to the bend-torsion coupling effects. The monitored strain was decoupled into bend and torsion induced strain, pre-trained multi-output support vector regression (M-SVR) model was employed for such decoupling process considering the sensor layout cost and reconstruction accuracy. The decoupled strained based displacement could be reconstructed respectively using box girder plate element analysis and mode superposition principle. For the transformation modal matrix has a significant impact on the reconstructed displacement accuracy, the modal order would be optimized using particle swarm algorithm (PSO), aiming to minimize the ill conditioned degree of transformation modal matrix and the displacement reconstruction error. Numerical simulation and dynamic load testing results show that the reconstructed displacement was in good agreement with the simulated or measured results, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2019

This paper analyzes nonlinear free vibration of the circular nano-tubes made of functionally graded materials in the framework of nonlocal strain gradient theory in conjunction with a refined higher order shear deformation beam model. The effective material properties of the tube related to the change of temperature are assumed to vary along the radius of tube based on the power law. The refined beam model is introduced which not only contains transverse shear deformation but also satisfies the stress boundary conditions where shear stress cancels each other out on the inner and outer surfaces. Moreover, it can degenerate the Euler beam model, the Timoshenko beam model and the Reddy beam model. By incorporating this model with Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear vibration equations are established. The equations, including a material length scale parameter as well as a nonlocal parameter, can describe the size-dependent in linear and nonlinear vibration of FGM nanotubes. Analytical solution is obtained by using a two-steps perturbation method. Several comparisons are performed to validate the present analysis. Eventually, the effects of various physical parameters on nonlinear and linear natural frequencies of FGM nanotubes are analyzed, such as inner radius, temperature, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, scale parameter ratio, slenderness ratio, volume indexes, different beam models.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 평활화 유한요소법(Smoothed finite element method)을 도입한 위상분야법(Phase-field method)에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 위상분야법은 최근 균열 개시 및 전파 해석에 많이 사용되는 기법으로 균열 표면을 추적하기 위한 추가적인 처리기법이 필요하지 않는 특징이 있다. 위상분야법에서 복잡한 균열 전파를 포착하기 위해 높은 정확도의 변형률 에너지를 평활화 유한요소법을 도입하여 계산하였다. 평활화 유한요소법은 유한요소를 하위 셀로 나누고 각각의 하위 셀을 평활화 영역으로 재조립하여 변형률 에너지를 계산하게 된다. 또한 해석 시간 단축을 위하여 쿼드트리 요소망을 제안한 기법에 사용하였다. 수치 예제를 통하여 제안한 기법을 참조해 및 유한요소법과 비교하여 검증하였다.