• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

The interaction of cell adhesive protein and polypeptide with bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) grown in tissue engineered films and scaffolds were examined. Several proteins or polypeptide known as cell-adhesive were coated adsorption on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films and scaffolds and adhesion and proliferation behavior of BMSC on those surfaces were compared. The protein and polypeptide used include collagen IV, fibrinogen, laminin, gelatin, fibronectin, and poly(L-lysine). The protein and polypeptide were adsorbed on the PLGA film surfaces with almost monolayer coverage except poly(L-lysine). BMSCs were cultured for 1, 2, and 4 days on the protein- or polypeptide-adsorbed PLGA films and scaffolds. The cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors were assessed by sulforho damine B assay. It was observed that the protein- or polypeptide-adsorbed surfaces showed better cell adhesion and proliferation than the control.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2013

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has recently been used as a pulpotomy medicament for primary molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the proliferation and differentiation potential of dental pulp stromal cells of permanent teeth and deciduous teeth cultured on MTA-coated surface. Human dental pulp stromal cells were obtained from human permanent premolars and deciduous teeth and cultured on MTA-coated culture plates. The cells were subjected to proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. Their differentiation potential was evaluated by analysing changes in the mRNA expressions of runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Morphological changes of cells in direct contact with MTA were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proliferation rates, distribution of cell cycles and mRNA expression patterns of Runx2 and ALP were similar in both types of pulpal cells. SEM observations revealed that both types changed into more dendrite-like cells. On the surface of MTA, human dental pulp stromal cells from deciduous and permanent teeth were able to both proliferate and differentiate into cells that induce mineralization. MTA is suitable as a biocompatible pulpotomy medicament for primary teeth.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.548-561
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• 2015

By combining conventional single cell analysis with flow cytometry and public database searches with bioinformatics tools, we extended the expression profiling of thymic stromal cotransporter (TSCOT), Slc46A2/Ly110, that was shown to be expressed in bipotent precursor and cortical thymic epithelial cells. Genome scale analysis verified TSCOT expression in thymic tissue- and cell type- specific fashion and is also expressed in some other epithelial tissues including skin and lung. Coexpression profiling with genes, Foxn1 and Hoxa3, revealed the role of TSCOT during the organogenesis. TSCOT expression was detected in all thymic epithelial cells (TECs), but not in the $CD31^+$endothelial cell lineage in fetal thymus. In addition, ABC transporter-dependent side population and Sca-$1^+$ fetal TEC populations both contain TSCOT-expressing cells, indicating TEC stem cells express TSCOT. TSCOT expression was identified as early as in differentiating embryonic stem cells. TSCOT expression is not under the control of Foxn1 since TSCOT is present in the thymic rudiment of nude mice. By searching variations in the expression levels, TSCOT is positively associated with Grhl3 and Irf6. Cytokines such as IL1b, IL22 and IL24 are the potential regulators of the TSCOT expression. Surprisingly, we found TSCOT expression in the lung is diminished in lung cancers, suggesting TSCOT may be involved in the suppression of lung tumor development. Based on these results, a model for TEC differentiation from the stem cells was proposed in context of multiple epithelial organ formation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as chemokine ligand 12, and chemokine receptor type 4 are involved in cancer cell migration. Compound K (CK), a metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside by gut microbiota, is reported to have therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. However, the inhibitory effect of CK on SDF-1 pathway-induced migration of glioma has not yet been established. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cytotoxicity of CK in C6 glioma cells was determined using an EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit. Cell migration was tested using the wound healing and Boyden chamber assay. Phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C $(PKC){\alpha}$ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were measured by western blot assay, and matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) were measured by gelatin-zymography analysis. RESULTS: CK significantly reduced the phosphorylation of $PKC{\alpha}$ and ERK1/2, expression of MMP9 and MMP2, and inhibited the migration of C6 glioma cells under SDF-1-stimulated conditions. CONCLUSIONS: CK is a cell migration inhibitor that inhibits C6 glioma cell migration by regulating its downstream signaling molecules including $PKC{\alpha}$, ERK1/2, and MMPs.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7-like cytokine that is an important trigger and initiator of many allergic diseases. TSLP promotes a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine response that can be pathological. A relationship is formed both at the induction phase of the Th2 response through polarization of dendritic cells to drive Th2 cell differentiation and at the effector phase of the response, by promoting the expansion of activated T cells and their secretion of Th2 cytokines and TSLP. In transgenic mice with TSLP overexpression, it has been reported that TSLP leads to the development of mixed cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In addition, TSLP can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. From our knowledge of the role of TSLP in the kidney, further studies including the discovery of new therapies need to be considered based on the relationship between TSLP and glomerulonephritis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3757-3761
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the CD56+NK-TIL count in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using antibodies specific for CD56 on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 175 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC) of breast. Distribution of intratumoral and stromal CD56+NK-TILs was assessed semi-quantitatively. Results: A low intratumoral CD56+count showed significant and inverse associations with tumor grade, stage, and lymph node status, whereas it had significant and direct association with response to treatment indicating good prognosis. These patients had better survival (${\chi}^2$=4.80, p<0.05) and 0.52 fold lower death rate (HR=0.52, 95% CI=0.28-0.93) as compared to patients with high CD56+ intratumoral count. The association of survival was insignificant with low CD56 stromal count as compared to high CD56 stromal count (${\chi}^2$=1.60, p>0.05). Conclusion: To conclude, although NK-TIL count appeared as a significant predictor of prognosis, it alone may not be sufficient for predicting the outcome considering the fact that there exists a crosstalk between NK-TILs and the other immune infiltrating TILs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.385-398
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether stromal cells supporting specific microenvironment for hematopoiesis of bone marrow are affected by toxicants and therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics and anticancer drugs and whether laminin-1 is associated with such effects. SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with 75 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide which is widely used to treat infant's solid tumor, leukemia and myeloma and sacrificed after 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks or 5 weeks of injection. The bone marrow extracted and paraffin-sectioned was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. A part of tissues was subjected to electron microscopy following reaction with rabbit anti-laminin antibody, biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with 12 nm gold particles, and staining with uranyl acetate. 1. The bone marrow tissue at day 3 post injection with cyclophosphamide displayed dilated venous sinus, partial necrotic death, and decreased number of hematopoietic cells. Laminin-1 was intensively stained in the reticular and adipose tissues. 2. Up to 5 weeks post injection, laminin-1 was stained at a low level in the stromal tissue of bone marrow and the number of hematopoietic cell was increased. 3. Deposition of the gold particle which represents laminin-1 expression was observed at the highest level in the stromal cells of bone marrow obtained 3 days after injection, and decreased after 1 to 5 weeks. These results suggest that stromal cells which play a role in supporting microenvironment for bone marrow hematopoiesis augment induction of laminin-1 expression and activation upon administration of cyclophosphamide.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.51-62
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• 2006

Objective: Although chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is a common disease, it is very difficult to treat effectively. Lygodium japonicum has traditionally been used in treatment of urinary tract inflammation and voiding disturbance. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and action mechanism of Lygodium japonicum in the rat model of non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and testosterone treatment. Methods: Five-month-old rats were treated with $17\beta-estradiol$ after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis, which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histopathological profiles. Lygodium japonicum and testosterone were administered as an experimental specimen and a positive control, respectively. The prostates were evaluated by histopathological parameters including the epithelial score and epithelio-stromal ratio for glandular damage, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index for cyto-proliferation and a TUNEL (deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end-labeling) assay for cell apoptosis. Results: While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with Lygodium japonicum showed a lesser range of tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in Lygodium japonicum than that of the control (P<0.05). The epithelio-stromal ratio was lower in Lygodium japonicum when compared to that of the control (P<0.05). Although there was no difference in PCNA and TUNEL positive cells of the glandular epithelia, we found an decreased number of PCNA positive cell and concurrent increase of TUNEL positive cells in the stroma of Lygodium japonicum treated rats (P<0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that Lygodium japonicum may protect the glandular epithelial cells and also inhibit stromal proliferation in association with suppression of cyto-proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. We concluded that Lygodium japonicum may be a useful remedy agent for treating the chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.509-518
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• 2010

Purpose: Major drawbacks of conventional bone marrow stromal cells (BSCs) transplantation method are mainly caused by direct transplanted cell to host cell interactions. We hypothesized that separation of the transplanted cells by a microporous membrane might inhibit most of the potential adverse effects and induce superior effect. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal condition of the microporous membrane. Methods: First, BSCs were placed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transwell inserts with 3, 8, or $12{\mu}m$ pore size, and cultured in 24 well culture plates. After 5 days, bottoms of the plates were observed for presence of attached BSCs in monolayer and cell numbers were evaluated. Second, BSCs were placed PET, polycarbonate (PCT), and mixed cellulose esters (MCE) transwell inserts with 3 and $8{\mu}m$ pore size, and cultured in 24 well culture plates. After 3 days, the supernatants of the media left in culture plate were analyzed for collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Third, BSCs were placed in 15% and 70% of the PET membrane with $3{\mu}m$ pore size. All the experimental conditions and methods were same as the second study. Results: The optimal pore sizes to prevent BSC leakage were $3{\mu}m$ and $8{\mu}m$. The amounts of type I collagen and three growth factors tested did not show significant differences among PET, PCT, and MCE groups. However, the collagen, VEGF, and bFGF levels were much higher in the high (70%) density group than in the low (15%) density group. Conclusion: This study revealed that the optimal pore size of membrane to prevent direct BSC to recipient cell contact is in between $3{\mu}m$ and $8{\mu}m$. Membrane materials and pore sizes do not influence the collagen and growth factor passage through the membrane. The most striking factor for collagen and growth factor transport is pore density of the membrane.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.356-364
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• 2024

Lymph nodes (LNs) are crucial sites where immune responses are initiated to combat invading pathogens in the body. LNs are organized into distinctive compartments by stromal cells. Stromal cell subsets constitute special niches supporting the trafficking, activation, differentiation, and crosstalk of immune cells in LNs. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) are a type of stromal cell that form the three-dimensional structure networks of the T cell-rich zones in LNs, providing guidance paths for immigrating T lymphocytes. FRCs imprint immune responses by supporting LN architecture, recruiting immune cells, coordinating immune cell crosstalk, and presenting antigens. During inflammation, FRCs exert both spatial and molecular regulation on immune cells through their topological and secretory responses, thereby steering immune responses. Here, we propose a model in which FRCs regulate immune responses through a three-part scheme: setting up, supporting, or suppressing immune responses. FRCs engage in bidirectional interactions that enhance T cell biological efficiency. In addition, FRCs have profound effects on the innate immune response through phagocytosis. Thus, FRCs in LNs act as gatekeepers of immune responses. Overall, this study aims to highlight the emerging roles of FRCs in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. This collaborative feedback loop mediated by FRCs may help maintain tissue function during inflammatory responses.