• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.321-332
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothetical model designed to explain nursing students' perceived stress, coping levels, and stress outcomes. This hypothetical model was based on the Kim. Jung Hee(l987)' s stress model and stress-related literature. Exogenous variables were self-efficacy. hardiness. social support. and exercise. Endogenous variables were stress perception. coping levels. and stress outcomes. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model consisted of 205 nursing students. SAS PC Program and LISREL 8.12a program were used for descriptive statistics and linear structural relationship(LISREL) modeling. The results were as follows. 1) The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good( $x^2$=78.41(p=0.010), $x^2$/ df=1.50. RMSEA=0.05, standardized RMR= 0.05, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.90, NFI=0.94). 2) The results of statistical testing of the hypotheses were as follows. (1) As expected. self-efficacy had a significant effect on stress perception. But. hardiness. social support, and exercise did not have a significant effect on stress perception. Self-efficacy, hardiness. social support, and exercise explained 12% of the total variance of stress perception. (2) As expected, self-efficacy, hardiness, social support, exercise, and stress perception had a significant effect on coping behavior, Self-efficacy, hardiness, social support, exercise, and stress perception explained 53% of the total variance of coping behavior. (3) As expected, stress perception and coping behavior had a significant effect on stress outcomes. Stress perception and coping behavior explained 84% of the total variance of stress outcomes. In conclusion, the hypothetical model of this study was confirmed in explaining and predicting stress perception, coping levels, and stress outcomes in nursing students. And these findings suggest the need to develop nursing intervention to enhance self-efficacy, hardiness, social support, and exercise to decrease the harmful outcomes of stress.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 2013

The effects of gypenosides (GPS) on electric footshock (EF)-induced acute stress in mice were investigated. Mice were treated orally with GPS (30-400 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days. After 2 days of GPS treatment, mice were exposed to EF stimuli (intensity, 2 mA; interval, 10 s; duration, 3 min) for acute stress for 3 days. Spontaneous locomotor activity was increased by acute EF stress, which was decreased by treatment with GPS (100 and 400 mg/kg). In addition, the increased levels of dopamine and serotonin by acute EF stress in the brain were reduced by treatment with GPS (100 and 400 mg/kg). The serum levels of corticosterone increased by acute EF stress were also reduced by GPS (100 and 400 mg/kg). These results suggest that GPS shows the ameliorating effects on acute EF stress by modulating the activity of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, and the serum levels of corticosterone. Clinical trials of GPS need to be conducted further so as to develop promising anti-stress agents.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2001

This study was done to examine the relationship between stress and coping methods of 86 emergency medical technicians with the 1st or 2nd grade qualifications who serve at 36 fire stations in Gwangju and Jeonnam region from Aug. 1 to Aug. 31, 2001. Data collection was done by questionnaire. The research instruments used the stress measure tool developed by Cho Hee et al.(1999) and revised and complemented by the researcher to measure firemen's stress, and health instrument revised by Suh Mi Hye et al(1993). Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation using SPSS. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of perceived stress was 3.4. The mean score of coping methods was 2.11. 2. The levels of stress according to the general characteristics of subjects were significantly different at marital status(t=7.054, p=.009) and in relation with organization(t=3.989, p=.049). 3. The relationship between levels of stress and health status was significantly correlated(r=.325, p=.000), and so the hypothesis of this research, "the less levels of stress, the better health status is." was supported. 4. The relationship between stress and health status was significantly different at crisis status(r=.393, p=.000), relation with organization(r=.348, p=.001), the characteristics of subjects(r=.387, p=.000), special knowledge and technology(r=.337, p=.001), and the roll complication as a professional(r=.343, p=.001).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2009

The relationship between daily stress, depression and self-mastery, and the role of self-mastery as a moderator were studied among adolescents (N = 186). Findings were as follows: (1) daily stress was positively correlated with depression, whereas self-master was negatively correlated with depression; (2) items which caused most stress to participants were related to study and peer pressure; (3) self-mastery moderated and buffered the effect of stress on depression, in particular daily stress related to the areas of study and school. Adolescents with high levels of selfmastery were significantly less likely to report symptoms of depression with increasing levels of daily stress, compared to adolescents reporting low levels of self-mastery. Granting limitations imposed by the convenience sample, the study supports the role of theoretical buffering for self-mastery in the context of stress processes, and suggests the need for developing self-mastery of adolescents by implementing empowerment models.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1998

Stress relaxation tests have been performed under five different tensile strain levels and five different bending strain levels. Three different theoretical models have been developed based on four-element Burger's model, viscoelastic theory and viscous-viscoelastic theory. Experimental data were used to obtain parameters of the models and to verify accuracy of the models. Among the three theoretical models developed in this study, three-integral model (Model 3) based on viscous-viscoelastic theory showed the most exact estimations of stress relaxation under both tensile and bending strains and their correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99 for all the strain levels. Model 1 showed little initial stress relaxation. Model 2 showed excessive initial relaxation and, then, no relaxation after about 20 minute of strain application. Stress retention under strain decreased as strain increased, which means increased stress relaxation as strain increases. When the strain level was less than proportional limit, the effect of strain level on stress relaxation was not clearly shown. However, this effect was increased as strain level increased when strain level was greater than proportional limit.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research project is to assess students' stress during clinical rotations and to suggest strategies for enhancing professional skills as well as the quality of clinical rotations among the students of dental technology. The participants included 200 sophomores and juniors from dental laboratory college located in Daegu and Jeju. Data was collected December 7, 2007, and March 7, 2008, by survey samplings. A total of 185 completed surveys were obtained and analyzed for this study. Findings from the study are summarized below. When age and stress were compared, it was found that younger students had higher levels of stress related to their environment, role, and activities. Regarding grade level and stress, students in lower levels were slightly (p<.01) more likely to have stress (Sophomore =2.91, junior =2.49). When the stress level was compared with students' satisfaction with their major, the less students were satisfied, the higher their level of stress was. The study found a slight (p<.05) difference between groups [satisfaction group (M=2.44), group in between satisfaction and dissatisfaction (M=2.58), and dissatisfaction (M=2.82)) in the relationship between satisfaction with the major and overall stress. Again, it appears that stress levels increase as satisfaction with the chosen major decreases. Third, the intensity of stress was affected by the environment in which students practiced, classmate relationships, roles, goals and values, and activities, and areas of performance. It showed that the groups unsatisfied and in-between with the quality of practice have more intensified stress than the group with satisfaction. The study showed a slight (p<.01) difference amongst groups [(satisfaction group (M=2.17), group in between satisfaction and dissatisfaction (M=2.68), and dissatisfaction (M=2.96)) in the relationship between satisfaction with the quality of the clinical rotation and overall stress. It appeared that higher levels of stress were seen with lower satisfaction with the major. Overall, students' level of stress was correlated with age and grade level, level of satisfaction in the major and the quality of the clinical rotation. Furthermore, schools need to focus on improving the environment where students practice, classmate relationships, roles, goals and values, and activities, and areas of performance. Dental laboratory colleges should concentrate on the basic case with the quality of clinical rotation and the chosen major. More skillful teaching and properly assigned clinical rotations and classes, along with a strong practical knowledge base applicable to clinical rotations will be needed in order to address these sources of dissatisfaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1462-1468
• /
• 2010

The effects of vitamin C and vitamin E with selenium on acid-base balance and some stress hormones were evaluated during heat stress in goats. Goats, 1.5 years of age, were divided into control, heat stress and antioxidant treatment groups 1, 2 and 3. Except for the control, all groups were exposed to a temperature of $40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with a relative humidity of 30% for 5 h/d for 21 days in a psychrometric chamber. Rectal temperature and respiratory rates were recorded daily post exposure. Blood samples were collected on every 3rd day for estimation of plasma vitamins C and E, total antioxidant activity and hormones, and separate blood samples were taken to estimate acid-base status. The rectal temperature and respiratory rates were increased (p<0.05) in the heat stress group only. Except for pH and $pO_2$, which were increased significantly (p<0.05) other parameters of acid-base balance such as $pCO_2$, $HCO_3^-$, $TCO_2$, BEb, BEcef, PCV and Hb were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the heat stress group. An improvement in acid-base status was noted in the antioxidant supplemented groups. Prolactin and cortisol levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher and free T3 and T4 levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the heat stress group. Levels of prolactin and cortisol were decreased and free T3 and T4 were increased in antioxidant treatment groups. Different levels of antioxidant supplementation resulted in similar protection against heat stress.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2019

We examined the effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor treatment during the micromanipulation of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) on the in vitro development of SCNT embryos. ER stress inhibitors such as salubrinal (200 nM) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA; $100{\mu}M$) were added to the micromanipulation medium and holding medium. The expression of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), ER-stress-associated genes, and apoptotic genes in SCNT embryos was confirmed at the one-cell and blastocyst stages. Levels of Xbp1 splicing and expression of ER-stress-associated genes in SCNT embryos at the one-cell stage decreased significantly with TUDCA treatment (p<0.05). The expression of ER-stress-associated genes also decreased slightly with the addition of both salubrinal and TUDCA (Sal+TUD). The expression levels of caspase-3 and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) mRNA were also significantly lower in the TUDCA and Sal+TUD treatments (p<0.05). At the blastocyst stage, there were no differences in levels of Xbp1 splicing, and transcription of ER-stress-associated genes and apoptosis genes between control and treatment groups. However, the blastocyst formation rate (20.2%) and mean blastocyst cell number ($63.0{\pm}7.2$) were significantly higher (p<0.05) for embryos in the TUDCA treatment compared with those for control (12.6% and $41.7{\pm}3.1$, respectively). These results indicate that the addition of ER-stress inhibitors, especially TUDCA, during micromanipulation can inhibit cellular damage and enhance in vitro development of SCNT embryos by reducing stress levels in the ER.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 1991

For the case where the lifetime at a constant stress level has exponential distribution, optimal accelerated life test plans are developed under the assumptions of intermittent inspection and Type I censoring. In a optimal plan, the low and high stress levels, the proportion of test units allocated and the inspection times at each stress are determined such that the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of logarithmic transformed mean at the use condition is minimized. In addition to the optimal plan in which numerical technique to solve the set of nonlinear equations must be employed to determine inspection times at each stress level, we also propose another plans which employ equally-spaced or equal probability inspection schemes at two overstress levels of corresponding optimal one. For both optimal and proposed plans, computational results indicate that the asymptotic variance of the estimated mean at the use stress is insensitive to number of inspections at overstress levels for the range of parameter values considered.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.547-558
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify a couple's parental efficacy combination and, then, analyze parental role-sharing and parenting stress according to this combination type. The subjects were 307 couples who have a child in 1st or 2nd grade. The main results were as follows: First, fathers and mothers, as a group, did not differ in terms of parental efficacy. Secondly, some demographic variables related to parental efficacy. Thirdly, there are more couples who have similar levels of parental efficacy than those who have different levels of parental efficacy. Fourth, no significant difference in parental role-sharing was found among the 4 types of couple's parental efficacy. Fifth, mothers had low parental stress when both of the couple had high levels of parental efficacy while fathers perceived low parental stress if only he, himself, had a high level of parental efficacy.