• Title/Summary/Keyword: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)

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Anti-cariogenic Activities of Mushroom Extracted with Various Solvent Systems (용매 변화에 따른 버섯추출물의 항충치활성)

  • Park, Eun-Jin;Lee, Jun-Soo;Choi, Won-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.783-786
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    • 2011
  • Various mushroom extracts were examined for their anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities. Mushrooms were extracted with chloroform, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of the others. The inhibitory effects of the chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Lyopyllum ulmarium, which have high anti-microbial and GTase activities, on the growth of S. mutans were examined and the optimal ratio of solvents was also evaluated to investigate the influence of solvents using a simplex centroid design. The anti-cariogenic effects of the L. ulmarium extract on S. mutans was influenced by the solvent, and the optimum anti-cariogenic activity of the extract was obtained with the ratio of chloroform:methanol:ethyl acetate=1:1:1 (v/v/v). These results suggest that solvent selection is an important factor to extract anti-cariogenic materials effectively from mushrooms.

Antimicrobial Effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa Essential Oil (편백정유의 항균효과)

  • 이현옥;백승화;한동민
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.253-257
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    • 2001
  • Essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa showed antimicrobial on relatively broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species. Staphylococcus epidermidis was highly sensitive to the essential oil but Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were not. Vibro parahemolyticus, Pseudomoas aeruginosa and Pseudomoas putida showed sensitivity at the concentration higher that 400 ppm, Thegrowth of a pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was inhibited by the essential oil above 200ppm. The radialgrowth of several filamentous fungi was also inhibited The antifungal activity of the essential oil was effective on two plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Altenaria mali. These results sug-gest that essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa has an antimicrobial activity by inhibiting bacterial and fungal species.

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Antimicrobial Effect of Mulberry Leaves Extracts Against Oral Microorganism (뽕잎 추출물의 구강미생물에 대한 항균효과)

  • Choi, Jeong-Lee;Jung, Mi-Ae;Jung, Sang-Hee
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.251-254
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    • 2006
  • In the current research for natural product with antimicrobial effects, various extracts of Mulberry Leaves against microorganisms were evaluated in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC). In general, Candida albicans was more antimicrobial activity than the other microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum activity was exhibited by ethanol extract of the leaves of Mulberry Leaves against Candida albicans (MIC, $1600{\mu}g/ml$). These results suggest that ethanol and water extracts of Mulberry Leaves have a potential antimicrobial activity.

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Antimicrobial Effects of Propolis against Oral Microorganisms (프로폴리스의 구강구취균에 대한 항균성)

  • Kim, Sang-A;Chung, Hyun-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.370-375
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    • 2013
  • Propolis is a resinous mixture found in the tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources, which is used by honey bees in the construction of their hives. Antimicrobial effects of propolis were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans KCTC 3065, S. sobrinus KCTC 3308, S. sobrinus KCTC 5134, and Porphyromonas gingivalis KCTC 5352 by an agar diffusion assay. Sensitivity of these microorganisms to propolis was evaluated in broth containing different concentrations of propolis at $37^{\circ}C$, followed by observation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Propolis inhibited all oral microorganisms tested at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $0.14mg/{\mu}L$ in the agar diffusion assay. Treatment with 0.06 and $0.22mg/{\mu}L$ of propolis had a bactericidal effect in a concentration- and treatment time-dependent manner against the tested microorganisms. TEM of propolis-treated S. mutans KCTC 3065 and P. gingivalis KCTC 5352 revealed structural damage of the cell membrane. The activity of propolis was affected by heat and pH treatment. The results indicate that propolis shows antibacterial activity against oral microorganisms and that it has potential for future applications in the food industry.

Anticariogenic Effects and Inhibition of Glucosyltransferase Activity of Chrysanthemun indicum L. Extracts (감국(Chrysanthemun indicum L.) 추출물의 항충치효과와 Glucosyltransferase 저해활성 탐색)

  • Kim, Seon-Jae;Park, Yun-Mi;Jung, Soon-Teck
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.341-345
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    • 2005
  • The anticariogenic effects and inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity of Chrysanthemun indicum L. extracts were investigated against 5 strains of microorganisms. The ethanol extracts of Chrysanthemun indicum L. showed the growth inhibition effects on the Streptococcus mutans and oral bacteria. The inhibition rate of glucosyltransferase activity of Chrysanthemun indicum L. extracts showed 78.4 to 92.3% range. The extracts were analysed by using solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, TLC, HPLC techniques. Three components whose molecular weights ranged from 200 to 400 were confirmed to have the anticariogenic activity.

MICROBIAL CHANGE IN DENTAL PLAQUE AFTER CHLORHEXIDINE VARNISH TREATMENT TO ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS (교정환자에 있어 chlorhexidine varnish 처치 전후의 치태내 균주변화에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Ha-Jin;Chang, Young-Il
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine varnish treatment in the prevention of dental caries in orthodontic patients by observing microbial change in dental plaque after varnish treatment. The sample consisted of 26 patients who were classified into an experimental group and a control group, 13 patients each. The experimental group was treated with chlorhexidine varnish once a week for 4 weeks. The control group was treated with placebo varnish using the same procedure, The microbial change was analysed by indirect immunofluorescene technique before treatment and 4 weeks, 8 weeks after treatment. The results were as follows. 1. Streptococcus mutans were strongly suppressed until 8 weeks after chlorhexidine varnish treatment(p<0.01). 2 The proportion of Streptococcus sanguis increased temporarily 4 weeks after chlorhexidine varnish treatment(p<0.05), decreased to original level after 8 weeks. 3. Streptococcus mitts, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii did not show significant change after chlorhexidine varnish treatment.

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Effect of Tea Catechin, EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) on Killing of Oral Bacteria (차 카테킨 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)의 구강세균에 대한 살균효과)

  • Yu Mi-Ok;Chun Jae-Woo;Oh Kye-Heon
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.364-366
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect oftea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on killing of oral bacteria. The antibacterial activity of 2.5 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml EGCG was investigated for target bacteria of which initial cell number was approximately adjusted to $10^{7}ml$. The antibacterial activity of EGCG was proportional to the concentration according to colony-forming unit(CFU) of target bacteria enumerating on selective and complex media. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus at 5mg/ml EGCG were completely killed within 8 hrs. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were also killed within 2 hrs and 4 hrs under the same conditions, respectively. Oral bacteria at 2.5 mg/ml EGCG were completely killed within 10 hr. Colony numvers of S. mitis and S. salivarius treated with 2.5 mg/ml EGCG were decreased on MS solid media and no colony was observed on the media within 12 hrs. In consequence, EGCG would be a natural and effective compound that kill oral bacteria being caused of bad breath, plaque and gingivitis, and for preventing and treating dental caries.

A review of effect and how to use xylitol (자일리톨의 효과 및 활용방법에 대한 고찰)

  • Shin, Kyoung-Hee;Ahn, Yong-Soon
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.1095-1105
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : This paper is designed to help the public prevent their future dental caries, based on the studies of xylitol about it's efficacy and effectiveness, and its appropriate usage. Methods : This study of xylitol on the basis of existing research papers and literature is not only to learn about the mechanism of what xylitol acts, but also to search the effectiveness of incompleteness of xylitol-containing foods, bacterial infection between xylitol and mother-baby, and the side-effects of xylitol. Results : 1. Xylitol's continuous intake of teeth effects the decrease of calculus amount, cleanness of teeth, as well as the remineralization process. The xylitol effect varies depending on the weight of xylitol, which has no effect on root caries. 2. Mouth gargle solution is higher resistant against acids; recalcification is significantly reduced; and remineralization effect represents. 3. It is reported that regular consumption of xylitol by mothers just during two years after birth has significantly decreased the spread possibility of mutans streptococcei. 4. The reduction of dental caries by xylitol is happened by its restraining the growth of bacteria resource caries, with their presence in amount of uncontrolled growth. 5. When a small amount of eating xylitol is absorbed slowly into gastrointestinal tract, being followed by glucose metabolism in the liver, while its excessive amount of eating can cause gastrointestinal problems. Conclusion : Dental hygienists should be required to provide dental information to the public on the basis of academic knowledge. In situation that one is not yet sure of xylitol on solid and multifaceted researches, there must be needed more accurate and detailed reviews on the side-effects of xylitol and the overall impact on the oral environments.

Evaluation of the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles: An in vitro study

  • Rashin Bahrami;Maryam Pourhajibagher;lireza Badiei;Reza Masaeli;Behrad Tanbakuchi
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 2023
  • Objective: We aimed to evaluate the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-Ag and nano-ZnO, respectively). Methods: In this experimental study, 30 orthodontic bands were divided into three groups (n = 10 each): control (uncoated band), Ag (silver-coated band), and ZnO (zinc oxide-coated band). The electrostatic spray-assisted vapor deposition method was used to coat orthodontic bands with nano-Ag or nano-ZnO. The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of nano-Ag and nano-ZnO against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans. Biocompatibility tests were conducted using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The groups were compared using oneway analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. Results: The Ag group showed a significantly higher reduction in the number of L. acidophilus, C. albicans, and S. mutans colonies than the ZnO group (p = 0.015, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively). Compared with the control group, the Ag group showed a 2-log10 reduction in all the microorganisms' replication ability, but only S. mutants showed a 2-log10 reduction in replication ability in the ZnO group. The lowest mean cell viability was observed in the Ag group, but the difference between the groups was insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Coating orthodontic bands with nano-ZnO or nano-Ag induced antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. Among the nanoparticles, nano-Ag showed the best antimicrobial activity and nano-ZnO showed the highest biocompatibility.

Biogenic fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous-ethanolic extract of lichen (Usnea longissima) and their antimicrobial activity

  • Siddiqi, Khwaja Salahuddin;Rashid, M.;Rahman, A.;Tajuddin, Tajuddin;Husen, Azamal;Rehman, Sumbul
    • Biomaterials Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.328-336
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    • 2018
  • Background: Biogenic fabrication of silver nanoparticles from naturally occurring biomaterials provides an alternative, eco-friendly and cost-effective means of obtaining nanoparticles. It is a favourite pursuit of all scientists and has gained popularity because it prevents the environment from pollution. Our main objective to take up this project is to fabricate silver nanoparticles from lichen, Usnea longissima and explore their properties. In the present study, we report a benign method of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous-ethanolic extract of Usnea longissima and their characterization by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Silver nanoparticles thus obtained were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. Results: Formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the appearance of an absorption band at 400 nm in the UV-vis spectrum of the colloidal solution containing both the nanoparticles and U. longissima extract. Poly(ethylene glycol) coated silver nanoparticles showed additional absorption peaks at 424 and 450 nm. FTIR spectrum showed the involvement of amines, usnic acids, phenols, aldehydes and ketones in the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Morphological studies showed three types of nanoparticles with an abundance of spherical shaped silver nanoparticles of 9.40-11.23 nm. Their average hydrodynamic diameter is 437.1 nm. Results of in vitro antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Corynebacterium xerosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (gram positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneuomoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative bacteria) showed that it was effective against tested bacterial strains. However, S. mutans, C. diphtheriae and P. aeruginosa were resistant to silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: Lichens are rarely exploited for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles. In the present work the lichen acts as reducing as well as capping agent. They can therefore, be used to synthesize metal nanoparticles and their size may be controlled by monitoring the concentration of extract and metal ions. Since they are antibacterial they may be used for the treatment of bacterial infections in man and animal. They can also be used in purification of water, in soaps and medicine. Their sustained release may be achieved by coating them with a suitable polymer. Silver nanoparticles fabricated from edible U. longissima are free from toxic chemicals and therefore they can be safely used in medicine and medical devices. These silver nanoparticles were stable for weeks therefore they can be stored for longer duration of time without decomposition.