• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1974

A total of 2,053 quarter milk samples of 518 dairy cows from 46 herds were examined for mastitis and results obtained were as follows: 1. A total of 428 quarters(20.8%) of 271 dairy cows(52.3%) from 41 herds(89%) were found to be infected with mastitis. 2. It was found that 71 quarters(3.5%) of 41 cows(7.9%) from 21 herds(45.6%) were clinical mastitis and 357 quarters(17.3%) of 230 cows(44.4%) from 20 herds (43.4%) were subclinical mastitis. 3. The main causative organisms of the mastitis were Staphylococcus aureus(26%), Streptococcus uberis(16%), and Streptococcus agalactiae(10%). 4. The majority of causative organisms were very resistant to colistin(85.9%), penicillin(67%), and streptomycin(39%). Most of the other drugs were highly effective as inhibitor for the most causative organisms in vitro. However sulfisoxazole was moderatively effective against them.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.315-320
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• 1975

A total of 364 quarter milk samples of 91 dairy cattle from 4 area around Jeonju in Jeonbug area were examined for infection rate and causative abets of mastitis by the Laboratory Procedures used in the Connecticut Mastitis-Control Program. The results obtained were as follows: 1. One hundred and thirty quarters (35.7%) from 67 cows (73.6%) were found to be infected with mastitis. It was found that 5 (1.37%) of the infected quarters were clinical mastitis and all of the rest were subclinical mastitis (125 quarters). 2. The main causative agents were found to be Staphylococcus aureus (46 quarters), Streptococcus agalactiae (49 quarters), streptococcus disgalactiae (18 quarters), Steptococcus uberis (13 quarters). Corynebacteria, Coliform organisms, Pseudomonas were also occasionally found to be causative organisms. 3. Having examined the number of infection Quarter per head of mastitis dairy cattle samplings, major findings were that the average number of infection quarter to total dairy cattle examined was 1.4 quarters, and that average number of infection quarter to the infected cattle was 1.9 quarters.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1130-1142
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• 2023

Objective: Cow urine possesses several bioactive properties but the responsible components behind these bioactivities are still far from identified. In our study, we tried to identify the possible components behind the antimicrobial activity of cow urine by exploring the peptidome and metabolome. Methods: We extracted peptides from the urine of Sahiwal cows belonging to three different physiological states viz heifer, lactation, and pregnant, each group consisting of 10 different animals. The peptides were extracted using the solid phase extraction technique followed by further extraction using ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was evaluated against different pathogenic strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. The safety of urinary aqueous extract was evaluated by hemolysis and cytotoxicity assay on the BuMEC cell line. The urinary peptides were further fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the fraction(s) containing the antimicrobial activity. The HPLC fractions and ethyl acetate extract were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS for the identification of the peptides and metabolites. Results: A total of three fractions were identified with antimicrobial activity, and nLC-MS/MS analysis of fractions resulted in the identification of 511 sequences. While 46 compounds were identified in the metabolite profiling of organic extract. The urinary aqueous extract showed significant activity against E. coli as compared to S. aureus and S. agalactiae and was relatively safe against mammalian cells. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of cow urine is a consequence of the feeding habit. The metabolites of plant origin with several bioactivities are eliminated through urine and are responsible for their antimicrobial nature. Secondly, the plethora of peptides generated from the activity of endogenous proteases on protein shed from different parts of tissues also find their way to urine. Some of these sequences possess antimicrobial activity due to their amino acid composition.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

목적: 본 연구에서는 delta neutrophil index (DNI)가 신생아 균혈증을 예측하는 지표로서의 효용성을 다른 지표들과의 비교를 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 원주세브란스 기독병원 신생아 중환자실에 발열을 주소로 입원한 환아들과 입원 중 발열이 있었던 생후 31일 미만 환아 146명을 대상으로 혈액배양검사와 동시에 시행한 총 백혈구 수, 절대호중구수, DNI, 혈소판 수, C-반응단백(C-reactive protein, CRP)에 대하여 분석하였다. 결과: 균혈증이 있었던 환아 77명의 평균 재태주수는 38.74주, 출생 체중은 3.20 kg였다. 대조군의 평균 재태주수는 33.34주, 출생 체중은 2.20 kg였다. 균혈증의 원인은 Staphylococcus aureus (22명), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18명), Streptococcus agalactiae (8명) 등이었다. DNI와 CRP만이 재태주수와 출생 체중 보정 후 균혈증과 연관성을 보여 area under the ROC curve를 조사하였고 DNI 0.70, CRP 0.68이었다. 결론: DNI는 신생아 균혈증을 예측하는 데 효과적인 지표이다. 다른 인자들과 함께 고려한다면 균혈증을 예측하는 데 더 도움이 될 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1077-1084
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• 2008

목 적: 세균성 수막염은 소아에서 심각한 감염 질환이지만 우리나라에서 그 빈도와 원인균, 사망률, 나이별 분포에 대한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 서울의 한 대학 병원에서 세균성 수막염의 연령별, 원인균 별 빈도와 임상 양상에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 1993년 9월부터 최근 2006년 8월까지 13년간 이화여자대학교 목동 병원에 세균성 수막염으로 입원한 신생아에서 18세까지의 소아를 대상으로 하여 연령별 원인균 및 발생 빈도와 역학을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 세균성 수막염의 정의는 첫째로 뇌척수액에서 세균이 분리 배양되었거나, 둘째로 뇌척수액에서 세균은 배양되지 않았지만 뇌막 자극 증상이 있고 뇌척수액에 백혈구수의 증가가 있으며 혈액에서 세균이 배양되어 배양된 세균이 수막염의 원인으로 추정되는 경우로 하였다. 결과: 총 81례 중 GBS가 30례(37.0%)로 가장 흔한 원인균이었고 이어서 H. influenzae가 22례(27.2%), S. pneumoniae가 12례(14.8%), E. coli가 3례(3.7%), N. meningitidis가 1례(1.2%), 기타균이 13례(16.0%)이었다. 신생아와 2개월 이하의 수막염에서 GBS가 가장 흔한 균이었다. 3개월에서 5세에서는 H. influenzae가 가장 흔한 균이었으며 5세 이상에서는 S. pneumoniae가 가장 흔했다. 31례에서 합병증이 있었으며 사망률은 과거에 비해 감소하였다. 결론: 신생아에서 세균성 수막염의 원인으로 GBS가 가장 많았다. Hib 백신의 도입 이후 H. influenzae에 의한 수막염의 빈도가 감소하는 추세였다. 단백결합 폐구균 백신의 효과에 대한 연구가 필요하며 GBS에 대한 예방전략을 세워야 한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-209
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• 1983

Some investigations on chronic mastitis in dairy cattle in Kyungnam Province during the year 1982 were conducted with the special reference to the causative agents and their drug resistance. Milk samples from 46 isolated cases of chronic mastitis cattle were investigated bacteriologically and the organisms recovered were examined for their drug susceptibility against the major antibiotics used in this country by the use of disk diffusion susceptibility test. Four major causative agents involved in chronic mastitis were in order of prevalence Staphylococcus aureus (32.6%), Escherichia coli (28.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8.7%) and Candida albicans (8.7%). Staph. epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida subtropicalis were found to be one of the minor agents. The majority of staphylococcal isolates were highly resistant to the most of antibiotics employed while 8% of them were resistant to gentamicin and 32% to chloramphenicol. The percentages of staphylococcal cultures resistant to penicillin, lincomycin. streptomycin, methicillin, oleandomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin and erythromycin were 100%, 96%, 96%, 92%, 84%, 84%, 80%, 76%, and 64% respectively. Streptococcal isolates were also highly resistant to the majority of the drugs used although 85.7% of them were susceptible to gentamicin. All Escherichia coli isolates were found to be resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin and penicillin while the majority of them were resistant to ampicillin (92.9%), carbenicillin (85.7%), oleandomycin (85.7%), streptomycin(85.7%), kanamycin (78.6%), methicillin (78.6%) and tetracycline (71.4%). The percentages of E. coli cultures resistant to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, cephalothin and chloramphenicol were 21.4%, 21.4%, 35.7% and 50.0% respectively.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

The optimal concentration of ethanol to separate a high quantity of propolis was $60\%$ but that for the best flavonoids extraction was $80\%$ We compared the yields of propolis from different countries. In this study we used $60\%$ ethanol concentration as a standard. The yield of propolis was proportional to the contents of flavonoids. Namely, Polish propolis which showed the highest yield with $56\%$ by the extraction with $60\%$ ethanol revealed also the highest flavonoids content with $3.49\%$ among all the samples tested The major constituents of propolis differed from country to country. It has been suggested that the different geographical origin influenced the efficacy and the constituents of propolis. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracted propolis from different countries was tested against 6 microbial strains of type cultures including Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram- negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and E coli) in vitro. Propolis extract showed anti-microbial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. In addition, propolis was sensitive to E coli which was resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics like ampicillin. These results showed that propolis may substituted for commercial antibiotics. The efficiency of anti-microbial activity of the propolis was slightly higher in $80\%$ than $97\%$ ethanol extract.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2018

B군 사슬알균은 3개월 미만 영아에서 발생하는 침습성 감염증의 주요한 원인균이다. 신생아 침습성 B군 사슬알균 수막염에 의한 뇌혈관 합병증은 드물게 보고되고 있다. 발열을 주소로 내원한 생후 29일 신생아에서 세균성 수막염이 진단되었다. 입원 3일째 경련이 발생하였고 뇌 자기공명영상에서 다발성의 광범위한 대뇌피질(양측 전두엽, 측두엽 및 후두엽)과 뇌량 및 좌측 후두엽에서 급성 뇌경색증 합병된 소견을 보였다. 환아의 혈액과 뇌척수액에서 B군 사슬알균이 분리되었고 serotype III, ST-19으로 확인되었다. 현재 환아는 피질맹과 발달 지연을 보이고 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2008

Lactococcus lactis NK34, isolated from jeotgal (Korean traditional fermented fish), produces bacteriocin against bovine mastitis pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus 7, S. aureus 8, Staphylococcus chromogenes 10, S. chromogenes 19, Staphylococcus hominis 9, Streptococcus uberis E290, Enterococcus faecium E372, Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 13813, Pseudonocardia autotrophia KCTC 9455, and Staphylococcus simulans 78. Lacticin NK34 was inactivated by protease XIV but not by protease IX, protease XIII, proteinase K, $\acute{a}$-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and pepsin. Also, lacticin NK34 was stable over a pH range of 2 to 9 for 4 hr and withstood exposure to temperatures of 30-$100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Lacticin NK34 showed bactericidal effects against S. simulans 78. This bacteriocin was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and hydrophobic chromatography. Tricin-SDS-PAGE of purified bacteriocin gave the same molecular weight (3.5 kDa) as nisin. The gene encoding this bacteriocin was amplified by PCR using nisin gene-specific primers. It showed similar sequences to this nisin Z gene. These results indicate that lacticin NK34 is a nisin-like bacteriocin, and could be used as an antimicrobial alternative for livestock.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2009

배경: 흉늑쇄 패혈성 관절염은 농양, 골수염, 종격동염, 농흉 등의 심각한 합병증이 동반되는 흉늑쇄관절부 감염으로 신속한 진단 및 적절한 치료가 이루어져야 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 9월부터 2008년 7월까지 본 의료원에서 흉늑쇄 패혈성 관절염으로 수술적 치료를 받은 8명의 환자를 대상으로 수술적 치료결과를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 흉늑쇄 패혈성 관절염의 수술적 치료로는 광범위 흉골, 쇄골두 및 첫번째 늑골의 부분 절제를 포함하는 근치절제술을 시행하였다. 결과: 환자의 연령 분포는 40세에서 74세까지였고 평균 연령은 $55.1{\pm}10.3$세였다. 남자가 5명, 여자가 3명이었다. 자연성 흉늑쇄 패혈성 관절염이 6예이었고, 중심정맥관 거치 후에 발생한 흉늑쇄 관절염이 2예였다. 흉늑쇄패혈성 관절염의 위치는 모두 우측이었다. 환자의 혈액 및 염증부위, 객담배양에서 동정된 균종은 MRSA 3예, Streptococcus intermedius 1예, Streptococcus agalactiae 1예, Pseudomonas luteola 1예였다. 근치절제술 환자 중 1명의 환자가 수술 전 패혈증이 진행하여 수술 후 31일째 사망하였다. 결론: 흉늑쇄 패혈성 관절염은 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 않으면 합병증으로 사망까지 이를 수 있는 질환으로 신속한 진단과 적절한 항생제의 사용 및 광범위 근치 절제술 등의 효과적인 치료를 통하여 이환율과 사망률을 낮출 수 있을 것이다.