• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.12-18
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• 2022

Korea depends on the import of raw materials such as iron ore and coal for the steel industry. These raw materials have a major impact on the cost, productivity, and quality competitiveness in the global steel industry. To secure the competitiveness of steel companies, it is necessary to reduce the country's dependence on raw materials. This can be achieved using byproducts with a high Fe content, which are primarily generated by the steel industry. These byproducts are available in the form of a very fine powder, which can disperse as dust when used directly in plant processes. Dust dispersion has a negative impact on the environment and can lead to the loss of raw materials. To enable the use of a wide range of Fe-containing byproducts, it is necessary to pretreat them in the form of larger aggregates such as pellets and briquettes. There are several methods to achieve such aggregates. There are two ways to produce briquettes: using a hot briquette, which supplies additional heat to produce briquettes, or using a cold briquette, which does not use heat. A method for producing cold briquettes using Fe-containing byproducts was investigated in this study. The yield ratio and briquette strength were examined under various manufacturing conditions.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.86-94
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• 2022

Replacement of FRP rod as steel reinforcement has been attracted significantly to prevent the degradation of the concrete structure due to corrosion. So, the technology development to extend the structure's service life by improving FRP properties has been proceeded worldwide. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop Korea's CFRP rod and CFRP grid, including the manufacturing techniques to improve the properties of high-strength and high-stiffness. Moreover, the research should be conducted to evaluate the structural behavior of the beams using the CFRP rod or grid. This study investigates the flexural and shear behavior of reinforced concrete beam using demonstrated CFRP rod as reinforcement according to the reinforcement ratio and shear span to depth ratio. From the results, when the reinforcement ratio is out of a specific range, it is seemed that the effect on performance improvement of the beam using CFRP rod is cancelled or not significant. Meanwhile, when the CFRP rod was used as reinforcement, the possibility of shear failure occurred, even steel stirrups were installed in the beam with CFRP rod as tensile reinforcement according to the Korean Design Standard. Therefore, when the CFRP rod is used as tensile reinforcement in a beam, it should be prepared that a specific limitation of reinforcement ratio and an investigation against shear failure. Also, the ductility of the beam using the CFRP rod is determined by the deformation energy evaluation method. So, the ductility should be investigated by applying the deformation energy evaluation method that reflects the structural behavior of the beam.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2020

Background and objective: Agro-healing is crucial with urban farming in the domestic. It is beyond the conventional agriculture. This study was carried out to assess the 2010s researches on domestic agro-healing and predict the future direction of agro-healing development. Methods: Among the articles published from 2010 to 2018, we collected some articles by searching keywords including agro-healing, garden activity, gardening, horticultural activity, horticultural program, horticultural therapy, plant effect, plant environment, plant growing program, plant impact, social gardening, urban agriculture and vegetable garden activity, selected 83 articles that were evaluated in advance, and analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA with SPSS 20.0. Results: Agro-healing journal articles were published the most in 2010, and have declined since then. In the classification according to the academic society, most of the journal articles were published by the Society for People, Plants, and Environment. The main targets of domestic agro-healing related to activities and programs were preschoolers, children and adolescents, accounting for 52.4% of the total. By the characteristics of the subjects, agro-healing programs and studies were conducted with special participants who needed special care compared to the general participants. The dependent variables were classified into six areas according to their attributes and the share of psychological and emotional areas was highest (42.6%) among them. In terms of the composition of the program, the share of those with 9-12 sessions was highest (36.7%) and the share of those with more than 20 participants was also highest (39.8%). Conclusion: It is recommended to operate agro-healing programs or industries focusing on the socially disadvantaged including those who have special needs or the underprivileged, but in order to create income for farms and expand the demand for agro-healing, it will be necessary to spread the perception that anyone without any physical or emotional issue can be the targets of and experience agro-healing. To meet the different needs of targets of agro-healing, it will be necessary to conduct objective and practical studies on broader areas and in the process the healing functions of agriculture and the strength of agro-healing needs to be further highlighted.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-288
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• 2020

Public sports facilities, which have increased in number due to continued government attention and investment, are used by a large number of residents in the province. However, the safety management in some facilities is limited due to being carried out with reference to safety management standard manuals as a mere formality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current safety management status of public sports facilities in Gangwon and to seek out a policy direction that can be used safely by provincial residents. To this end. the study made a comprehensive review of central government and Gangwon government policy trends in sports facility safety management in Gangwon along with actual cases, from which it made the following suggestions for policy directions. First, it proposed the designation and operation of specialized institutions using locally established development and municipal companeie,. universities and cooperatives. and the training and fostering of safety managers for sports facilities. Secod, it proposed the establishment of a foundation to promote a sport facility safety culture such as designation of and commendation for excellent facility safety management on the provincial level. holding case presentations on safety and responsiveness. sports safety experience plazas, sports safety classes, and cartoons for public relations. Third, it proposed setting the foundation for a safety management system that takes into account the greater quantity of leisure sports facilities compared to other cities and provinces. Fourth, it proposed the establishment of an institutional basis to establish support ordinance for sports facility safety management that meets the local conditions in Gangwon. Fifth, it proposed safety management measures for sports facilities at the central government level in parallel with a basic plan for sports facility safety management tailored to Gangwon that matches the conditions on the ground in the region.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.506-513
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• 2021

The durability and safety of reinforced concrete structures significantly depend on the reinforcement conditions, concrete cover thickness, cracks, and concrete strength. There are two ways to accurately determine the information on reinforcing bars embedded in concrete - the local destructive method and the non-destructive rebar detection test. In general, the non-destructive rebar detection tests, such as the electromagnetic wave radar method, electromagnetic induction method, and radiation method, are adopted to avoid damage to the structural elements. The moisture content and temperature of concrete affect the dielectric constant, which is the electrical property of concrete, and cause interference in the non-destructive rebar detection test results. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the electromagnetic wave radar method and electromagnetic induction method have been analyzed according to the temperature and surface moisture content of concrete. Due to the technological advancement and development of equipment, the average error rate was less than 5% in the specimens at 24℃, irrespective of their operating principles. Among the tested methods, the electromagnetic induction method showed very high accuracy. The electromagnetic wave radar method indicated a relatively small error rate in the dry state than in the wet state, and exhibited a relatively high error rate at high temperatures. It was confirmed that the error could be reduced by applying the electromagnetic wave radar method when the temperature of the probe was low and in a dry state, and by using the electromagnetic induction method when the probe was in a wet state or at a high temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.171-174
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• 2022

Cosmetic packing materials tend to be difficult to recycle when discarded due to the cosmetic industry's pursuit of aesthetics, functionality, and high value-added design. Pump packaging, which is widely used for the good preservation and discharge of cosmetics contents, is difficult to be separated and recycled because of a metal spring, which is in charge of pump resilience. In this study, a polypropylene spring was developed to replace the existing metal spring to improve the recyclability of the pump packaging for cosmetics, and was uni-materialized by applying to the cosmetic packing materials with 0.2 ml of discharge amount. In addition, performance test was conducted to verify the equivalence with the existing metal spring pumps as grounds for the commercialization of metal-free uni material pump packaging. The decompression leak test showed no leakage and displayed 14.8~17.5 N of pressing strength, 2.3~8.8 % of deviation in dispensing volume, and 4 occasions of pumping for initial discharge.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2022

Recently, in the concrete industry, the development and commercialization of low-carbon products of ready-mixed concrete have emerged as part of the efforts to realize carbon neutrality. This study aims to investigate the current status of environmental product declaration(EPD) of ready-mixed concrete and to analyze the characteristics of carbon emissions by compressive strength, life cycle stage, and region. To this end, the related certification system requiring the calculation of carbon emissions in the concrete industry was analyzed. The target of analyzing the current status of carbon emissions was set as a product of ready-mixed concrete that acquired EPD certification based on the life cycle assessment method. In addition, the trend of carbon emissions according to each characteristic was reviewed by analyzing carbon emissions by the life cycle of ready-mixed concrete products, analyzing carbon emissions by standard, and analyzing carbon emissions by region. As a result, the carbon emissions in the pre-production stage were 99% compared to total carbon emissions., and as it increased from 18MPa to 40MPa, carbon emissions also increased. Even with the same specifications, the carbon emissions in the capital region were higher than in the southern region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.307-313
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• 2022

As the development of renewable energy expands internationally to cope with global warming and climate change, the share of wind power generation has been gradually increasing. Although wind farms can produce electric power for 24 h a day compared to solar power plants, Their interfere with the operation of nearby radars or communication equipment must be analyzed because large-scale wind power turbines are installed. This study analyzed whether a land radio station can receive sufficient signals when a ship sailing outside the offshore wind farm transmits distress signals on the VHF band. Based on the geographic information system digital map around the target area, wind turbine CAD model, and wind farm layout, the area of interest and wind farm were modeled to enable numerical analysis. Among the high frequency analysis techniques suitable for radio wave analysis in a wide area, a dedicated program applying physical optics (PO) and shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) techniques were used. Consequently, the land radio station could receive the electromagnetic field above the threshold of the VHF receiver when a ship outside the offshore wind farm transmitted a distress communication signal. When the line of sight between the ships and the land station are completely blocked, the strength of the received field decreases, but it is still above the threshold. Hence, although a wind farm is a huge complex, a land station can receive the electromagnetic field from the ship's VHF transmitter because the wave length of the VHF band is sufficiently long to have effects such as diffraction or reflection.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.447-454
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effects of blood flow regulation exercise for improving patients' health care and its usefulness as a rehabilitation model for various diseases by analyzing and examining the existing literature. A literature review of Korean academic journals published over a 10-year period, from 2010 to 2019, was conducted using words such as "blood flow regulation," "blood flow restriction," "low-intensity exercise," and "Kaatsu." Kaatsu is a blood flow regulation exercise developed in 1966 by Dr. Yoshiaki Sato of Japan. It is an efficient and effective exercise method that uses blood flow regulation bands that increase the secretion of growth hormones to develop muscles within a short time, improves blood circulation and metabolism to prevent and improve adult diseases, shortens the rehabilitation period, and improves cardiovascular function. The study participants consisted of 10 patients, of whom four were elderly, four had obesity, one was a stroke patient, and one was a trauma patient. The results of this study show that the blood flow regulation exercise, which is a low-intensity exercise, has the same effect as high-intensity exercise, which supports the evidence that it is a highly efficient exercise method for muscle development and rehabilitation of the elderly, adolescents, and patients with injuries who have difficulty in general exercising. For future studies, further reviews are necessary to verify the effectiveness of the exercise method according to blood flow regulation site and type of disease.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

This study forecasts the outlook 10 years from now regarding domestic labor and caregiving by the Baby Boomer generation and the preparations needed in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The scenario-planning method was used to explore changing trends in domestic labor and caregiving, the rationale for which has been questioned by both seniors and family welfare experts. Based on the results of the survey and our researchers' opinions, it was concluded that the changing trends were caused by two factors: the probability of alterations in domestic labor and the strength of family relationships. On the basis of these conclusions, four scenarios regarding baby boomers' domestic labor and caregiving in 10 years were proposed using two axes: the "high and low probability of alterations" and the "strengthening and weakening of family relationships." The first scenario is a "preference for the self-caring form of family," which has a high probability of domestic labor alterations and weak family relationships. The second scenario is a "preference for the flexible form of family," which has a high probability of domestic labor alterations and strong family relationships. The third scenario is a "preference for the traditional form of family," which has a low probability of domestic labor alterations and strong family relationships. The fourth scenario is a "preference for the public caregiving form of family," which has a low probability of domestic labor alterations and weak family relationships. These results provide basic information about the various aspects of baby boomers' lives-including the development of various goods and services, the establishment of policies regarding seniors, and programs for successful aging-and can help equip our society to take the actions needed for a super-aged population.