• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

Background and objective: Urban street trees play an important role in carbon reduction in cities where greenspace is scarce. There are ongoing studies on carbon reduction by street trees. However, information on the carbon reduction capacity of street trees based on field surveys is still limited. This study aimed to quantify carbon uptake and storage by urban street trees and suggest a method to improve planting of trees in order to increase their carbon reduction capacity. Methods: The cities selected were Sejong, Chungju, and Jeonju among cities without research on carbon reduction, considering the regional distribution in Korea. In the cities, 155 sample sites were selected using systematic sampling to conduct a field survey on street environments and planting structures. The surveyed data included tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at root collar (DRC), height, crown width, and vertical structures. The carbon uptake and storage per tree were calculated using the quantification models developed for the urban trees of each species. Results: The average carbon uptake and storage of street trees were approximately 7.2 ± 0.6 kg/tree/yr and 87.1 ± 10.2 kg/tree, respectively. The key factors determining carbon uptake and storage were tree size, vertical structure, the composition of tree species, and growth conditions. The annual total carbon uptake and storage were approximately 1,135.8 tons and 22,737.8 tons, respectively. The total carbon uptake was about the same amount as carbon emitted by 2,272 vehicles a year. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing the basic unit to quantify carbon uptake and storage of street trees based on field surveys. To improve the carbon reduction capacity of street trees, it is necessary to consider planning strategies such as securing and extending available grounds and spaces for high-density street trees with a multi-layered structure.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes and characteristics of street fashion in Japan of the 1980s. The data were collected from the Mainichi Newspaper published in Japan from 1950 to 1990. The results were as follows: 1. After world war II, the street fashion had changed through the styles of the Panpan, Apres, Miyuki, Hippie & Hooten, Bikers in Japan. 2. The 1980s was characterized as an era of post industrial society and the appearance of Shinjinrui which means new human. In street fashion, these changes led to greater focus on unique style in Japan. In the 1980s, the street fashion had developed within four styles : traditional casual wear style, American sports wear style, performance.oriented style, and Japanese DC brand style in Japan.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a system for controlling the brightness of street lights by predicting pedestrian paths, identifying the position of pedestrians with motion sensing sensors and obtaining motion vectors based on past walking directions, then predicting pedestrian paths through the route prediction smart street lighting system. In addition, by using motion vector data, the pre-treatment process using linear interpolation method and the fuzzy system and neural network system were designed in parallel structure to increase efficiency and the rough set was used to correct errors. It is expected that the system proposed in this paper will be effective in securing the safety of pedestrians and reducing light pollution and energy by predicting the path of pedestrians in the detection of movement of pedestrians and in conjunction with smart street lightings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

To investigate the building wind characteristics of skyscraper nearby areas, two points were selected and the wind speed and the wind direction data were measured using 2-D ultrasonic anemometer and propeller type wind monitor during the winter time. The study site is Dohgok-dong, Seoul. After measurement, wind data whose speed is equal to or more than Beaufort level five were selected, classified and analyzed in terms of direction, velocity level and hourly difference. The prevailing wind point is higher than street canyon in terms of intensity and frequency. The main direction is also different. This study aims to figure out the phenomena of building wind impact and also to provide essential basic data for establishing proper guidelines in building wind impact assessment for skyscrapers in Korea.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

The street trees in the urban areas provide an comfortable environment to the pedestrians and drivers and play important roles to absorb the carbons. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire and manage efficiently the location, height, and crown width of street trees. This study suggests a methodology to provide quantitative information of the street trees in urban areas including the quantity, location, height, and crown width of the trees. Therefore, it is more appropriate to add functionality of changing size of the crown width of the trees in the method. In addition, the positions of the street trees were selected using the fact that street trees are generally planted along the road in a straight line. An experiment on extracting street trees was conducted in parts of Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do and the suitability of the suggested methodology was evaluated by comparing the results to a 1/1,000 digital map. Through the experimental results, the minimum, maximum, and the root mean square errors of the position of street trees were 0.5m, 1.9m, and approximately ${\pm}0.4m$, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

This study analyzes the recognition of commercial business men and employers who operate the commercial zone along the streets in the downtown area on the planting for the roadside green space forming the important frame of greening in the downtown among the open spaces. Through the analysis, this study attempts to get the basic data to suggest the recommendable directions in planting and managing the street trees in the downtown. The results of this study are summarized as described below. The street green spaces are very important in improving the environment of the downtown and their necessities are also very critical. It was found that the street trees were recognized as the critical factor to enhance the aesthetical values of the city, provide the green shades and purify the air. This study also identified that the street trees have the positive impacts on the business environment rather than negative impacts. In maintaining the street green spaces, the most necessity is the service facility such as resting areas, toilets and garbage bins with the street trees. The commercial business men and employers who operate the businesses along the streets preferred the double layer type that the tall trees and green walls are planted together along the streets for the street planting. For securing the green shades in the city, the planting of linear green spaces such as streets and waterways is critical. Moreover, the street trees accounts for the important position in the urban open spaces. The majority of commercial business men and employers consider the participation of citizens for greening as the very essential factor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

This study investigated that grasped the present state of high-rise apartment on Urban Street color, through the color image estimation effect of primary factor on color image preference. The range of study were high-rise apartment on Urban Street color of land for housing, Sangmu, Woonnam, Shinchang, Pungam, Ilgok, Moonheung district. The method of study put out a model of reference after photography a spot colorimeter BIB test. And the data analyzing was factor analysis, multi regression through Semantic Differential Method, questionnaire. The result of study, the present state of color was used predominate, support color is YR, Y, and stress color is YR, R. Predominate color showed distribution of high luminosity, low freshness and assistance, stress color is middle luminosity, low freshness. And effects of primary factor on color image preference were 'unification', 'comfortableness', 'sophistication'. The result of this study showed that need high luminosity color for comfortableness to improve of high-rise apartment on Urban Street color, harmony of color, harmony of vertical horizontality color scheme pattern, consult square rate of stress color.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

This study aims to provide guidelines for the selection of on-street parking spot on local streets considering conditions of surrounding area and characteristics of traffic generation. This guideline provides the method which determine required roadway width for planning and design of local streets. It is necessary to identify factors for the location selection analysis. This research team selects 12 case study areas to investigate traffic environment on the sites for this analysis. Most of factors which influence on-street parking are found to have a qualitative data format except traffic volume and pedestrian movement data. Quantification theory II which is known to be suitable for qualitative analysis has been applied to identify the meaningful variables for dependent variable. In addition, discriminant analysis has performed to verify the correlation for each variable with hit ratio. Road width, traffic volume, street traders and their heavy packages, and illegally parked vehicle are found to be most significant factors for selection of on-street parking location. Therefore, it is necessary to consider traffic volume generated from massive residential complex and traffic volume for outside and above-mentioned factors for installation of on-street parking facility in the case of new road construction or road width widen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2005

When a heavy rain occurs, many electrical shock victims are produced every year because lamp poles are under water. In order to prevent electrical shock accidents at a street lamp, the investigation was carried out at real field conditions. The investigation was performed about the circuit configuration of a panel board, a wiring method, a grounding conductor, a lamp pole and so on. The related regulation was analyzed and the problems were presented. Also, the domestic and foreign things were compared and analyzed by the investigation of the field conditions, and the related standard was already revised. Through investigating the field conditions and analyzing the related regulation, it is intended to present the real data to establish more effective preventive measures against electrical shock accidents at a street lamp to be installed on the road. In the future, the analytical data can be applied to stabilize other electrical facilities on the road as well as a street lamp, and to reduce the electrical disasters.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to suggest the most appropriate design concepts for sportive fashion product based on the analysis of consumers' acceptance of the recent sportive fashion trends according to their lifestyle. The subjects consisted of 295 males and females, between 17 and 35 year-old. A self-report questionnaire with 4 stimuli was employed for data gathering, and the data were analyzed by the methods of frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows: For the First, the recent sportive fashion trends were categorized into four groups; 'street- sportive' trend, 'futuristic-sportive' trend, 'ethnic-sportive' trend and 'urban-utility sportive' trend. Secondly, based on the result of cluster analysis on consumers' lifestyle, total four consumer groups were identified; 'pursuing sense' group, 'pursuing culture' group, 'pursuing utility' group, and 'indifference' group. Thirdly, the consumers relatively preferred two sportive styles among the four groups, typically representing 'urban-utility' trend and 'street' trend. The typical 'urban-utility' style was particularly preferred by the consumers who desired to express themselves as urban, modern, and luxurious. The typical 'street' style was preferred by the consumers who tried to express themselves as active and fashionable. Finally, preferences of the sportive trends according to consumers' lifestyle were interpreted as follows: the 'pursuing sense' group relatively preferred 'urbanutility' style and 'street' style, the 'pursuing culture' group preferred 'street' style and the 'pursuing utility' group preferred 'urban-utility' style, meaningwhile the 'indifference' group preferred 'street' style and 'urban- utility' style.