• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the influence of English vowel pronunciation training to English word-initial stop pronunciation. For that purpose, VOT values of English stops produced by twenty Korean English learners(five Youngnam dialect male speakers, five Youngnam dialect female speakers, five Kangwon dialect male speakers, and five Kangwon dialect female speakers) were measured using the Speech Analyzer and their post-training production was compared with their pre-training production. The result shows that post-training VOT values of voiced stops became closer to those of native English speakers in all four groups. Hence, it can be inferred that vowel pronunciation training is effective for correcting pronunciation of voiced vowels by analyzing the change of the quality of following vowels(especially low vowels) and the degree of giving stress.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2018

This study reports on a production experiment designed to investigate how Korean speaking learners of English produce English forms ending in stops. In a repetition experiment, Korean participants listened to English nonce words ending in a stop and repeated what they heard. English speakers were recruited for the same task as a control group. The experimental result indicated that the transcriptions of the Korean productions by English native speakers showed vowel insertion in only 3% of productions although the pronunciation of English final stops showed that noise intervals after the closure of final stops were significantly longer for Korean speakers than for English speakers. This finding is inconsistent with the loanword data where 49% of words showed vowel insertion. It is also not compatible with the perceptual similarity approach, which predicts that because Korean speakers accurately perceive an English final stop as a final consonant, they will insert a vowel to make the English sound more similar to the Korean sound.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국디자인학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표대회논문집
• /
• pp.212-213
• /
• 2003

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

Korean (L1)-English (L2) bilingual adults' and children's production of Korean and English stops was examined to determine the age effects and L2 experience on the development of L1 and L2 stop contrasts. Four groups of Seoul Korean speakers (experienced and inexperienced adult and child groups) and two groups of age-matched native English speakers participated. The overall results of voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) of phrase-initial stops in Korean and word-intial stops in English showed a delay in the acquisition of L1 due to the dominant exposure to L2. Significantly longer VOT and lower F0 for aspirated stops as well as high temporal variability across repetitions of lenis stops were interpreted to indicate a strong effect of English on Korean stop contrasts for bilingual children. That is, the heavy use of VOT for Korean stop contrasts shows bilingual children's attention to the acoustic cue that are primarily employed in the dominant L2. Furthermore, inexperienced children, but not adults, were shown to create new L2 categories that are distinctive from the L1 within 6 months of L2 experience, suggesting greater independence between the two phonological systems. The implications of bilinguals' age at the time of testing to the degree and direction of L1-L2 interaction are further discussed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to examine how Korean-English bilinguals make use of VOT and F0 cues in perception and production of Korean (lenis vs. aspirated) and English (voiced vs. voiceless) stops. It was explored whether bilinguals with extensive experience living in the U.S. exhibit native-like or interactive patterns in the cue use for both languages. Participants produced monosyllabic word-initial stops within a carrier sentence in each language, and performed forced-choice identification tasks with synthesized stimuli varying in 7 VOT steps and 7 F0 steps with base tokens of /$t^han$/ for Korean and /$t{\ae}n$/ for English. Listeners were required to select either /tan/ or /$t^han$/ for Korean and either /$d{\ae}n$/ or /$t{\ae}n$/ for English. The results from binary logistic regression analyses for each listener indicated that all bilinguals placed greater weight on F0 than VOT when distinguishing between the Korean lenis and aspirated stops, and greater weight on VOT than F0 in distinguishing between the English voiced and voiceless stops. In terms of production, all participants showed remarkably overlapping ranges in the VOT dimension and separating ranges in the F0 dimension for the stop contrast of Korean, while forming overlapping ranges in the F0 dimension and separating ranges in the VOT dimension for the stop contrast of English. These results indicate that the bilinguals with extensive exposure to L2 manage the stop systems of the two languages independently, both in perception and production, employing the opposite cue use for stops in the two languages. It was also found that the absolute beta-coefficient values of the perceptual cues for Korean stops were generally smaller than those for English and those reported in a previous study as for later bilinguals, which may have resulted from Korean not being their dominant language.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.444-454
• /
• 2017

스톱모션 애니메이션은 촉각적 공감을 불러일으키고, 시각적으로 사실감을 더할 수 있다는 특징을 가진 특수한 콘텐츠분야로 여겨진다. 오랜 역사에도 불구하고 디지털 기술을 활용한 여타의 애니메이션 제작방식에 비하여 제작사례 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 많은 노동력과 시간이 요구되는 만큼 제작과 더불어 수익을 창출하기까지의 데이터가 축적되기 힘들기 때문이다. 특히, 기획부터 시작하여, 방영 그리고 2차 저작물 생산까지 애니메이션 전공 학생과 교수가 중심이 되어 단계적으로 지적재산권을 다져나가는 사례는 극히 드물다고 볼 수 있다. 아울러, 애니메이션 제작업계에서 기존의 파이프라인 외의 스톱모션 애니메이션의 제작 프로세스를 분석하고 지속적으로 신규성을 발견하기란 어려운 일이었다. 이에 본 논문은 기존의 스톱모션 애니메이션 제작의 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 제작사례 연구를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 또한, 탁툰엔터프라이즈에서 제작한 TV시리즈 갤럭시키즈의 제작과정을 통하여 선행연구사례에서 미진했던 자체적인 제작프로세스의 개발의 원형을 구축하고 더불어 전통적인 수작업 중심의 제작과정외의 3D프린팅과 같은 그래픽기술의 활용 및 고안된 비즈니스 모델의 확산을 제시할 것이다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 향후 콘텐츠 제작에 있어 필연적으로 마주하던 난관이 더욱 공론화되고 구체적인 해결방안의 공유가 활발해지기를 기대한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2015년도 제51차 동계학술대회논문집 23권1호
• /
• pp.189-190
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 모션 그래픽을 이용하여 스톱 모션 텍스트 제작을 나타내었다. 스톱모션은 컴퓨터애니메이션의 한 종류로서 인형이나 찰흙 같은 소재를 이용하여 한 장면씩 정지 영상을 촬영하여 연속적으로 나타냄으로써 애니메이션으로 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 스톱모션 응용으로 텍스트 애니메이션 기법을 적용하여 텍스트 콘텐츠로 제작하여 나타내었다. 따라서 다양한 영역에서 스톱모션 활용을 할 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.207-209
• /
• 2017

새로운 기술인 3D 프린팅 기술은 신속한 개발 및 상대적으로 성숙한 기술 산업이 되었다. 오늘날 3D 프린팅은 작업의 모든 단계에 적용된다. 3D 프린팅 모델의 사용뿐만 아니라 빠른 형성, 그리고 정확도가 매우 높다. 급속히 발전한 3D 프린팅 기술이 스톱모션 애니메이션에 적용되면서 스톱모션 애니메이션 분야는 더울 풍부하게 발전 할 뿐만 아니라 새로운 기술과 기존 예술과 완벽하게 융합되는 것을 알 수 있다. 스톱모션 애니메이션의 개발에서 우리는 혁신으로서 3D 프린팅 및 전통적인 스톱모션 애니메이션 통합, 스톱모션 애니메이션에 적용된 스톱모션 애니메이션 제작 과정 및 제작을 이해해야한다. 멀티레벨, 멀티 앵글로 특성을 탐구하고, 스톱모션 애니메이션의 예술 형식을 바꾸어야 한다. 스톱모션 애니메이션을 제작할 때 이제는 3D 프린팅의 장점이 그 어느 분야 보다 돋보인다.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2002

Voice onset time (VOT) is defined as the time interval from the oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristic of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. There have been many reports on efforts to clarify the acoustical and physiological properties that differentiate the three types of Korean stops, including acoustic, fiberscopic, aerodynamic and electromyographic studies. In the acoustic and fiberscopic studies for stop consonants, the voice onset time and glottal width during the production of stops has been known as the longest and largest in the heavily aspirated type followed by the slightly aspirated type and unaspirated types. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were physiologically inter-correlated for differentiating these types of stops. However, a review of the English literature shows that the fine movement of the mucosal edges of the vocal folds during the production of stops has not been well documented. In recent. years, a new method for high-speed recording of laryngeal dynamics by use of a digital recording system allows us to observe with fine time resolution. The movements of the vocal fold edges were documented during the period of stop production using a fiberscopic system of high speed digital images. By observing the glottal width and the visual vibratory movements of the vocal folds before voice onset, the heavily aspirated stop was characterized as being more prominent and dynamic than the slightly aspirated and unaspirated stops.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.25-39
• /
• 2007

The present study investigated some perceptual phonetic attributes of two Korean stop types, aspirated and lax, in medial position of an accentual phrase. The intonational pattern across syllables (Jun, 1993) is argued to depend on the type of stop (aspirated vs. lax) only in the initial position of an accentual phrase. In Kang & Dilley (2007), we showed that significant differences between aspirated and lax stops in medial position of an accentual phrase exist in closure duration, voice-onset time, and fundamental frequency (F0) values for post-stop vowels. In the present perception experiment, we investigated whether these phonetic attributes contribute to the perception of these two types of stops: The closure durations and/or F0's of post-stop vowels on accentual-phrase medial words were altered and twenty native Korean speakers then judged these words as beginning with an aspirated or lax stop. Both closure duration and F0 significantly affected judgments of stop identity. These results indicate that a wider range of acoustic cues that distinguish aspirated and lax Korean stops in production also plays a role in perception. To account for these results we suggest some phonetic and phonological models of consonant-tone interactions for Korean.