• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.529-536
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• 2003

In domestic case occurrence of cut slopes according to construction and expansion of road is necessary more than 70% of country has been consisted of mountain area. In the case of Kang-won Do, there are much mountains locals in road wiping away a disgrace and expanded and slant is connoting collapse danger of incision side by each kind calamity being urgent. When route alteration enforces disadvantageous road extension, stability examination and processing way about large slope happened are serious. During road extension work in the Kang-won DO secure stability for falling rock of road slope and failure that happen and established suitable reinforcement and countermeasure in reply in necessity. The Slope is divided rock slope and soil slope, and then in order to analysis soil slope apply LEM theory. And rock slope examined stability about stereographic projection and wedge failure. Is going to utilize in reinforcement and failure prevention if it is efficient cutting as reinterpreting stability and secure stability and wish to consider effective and robust processing plan of great principle earth and sand side, and present countermeasure inside with these data hereafter applying suitable reinforcement countermeasure about unstable section.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1999년도 PROCEEDINGS OF 99 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE KACG AND 6TH KOREA·JAPAN EMG SYMPOSIUM (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM), HANYANG UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, 06월 09일 JUNE 1999
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• pp.167-185
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• 1999

In the present paper, KLN crystals have been grown along <001>, <100> and <110> directions by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method from Li-richer melts with different compositions. The morphologies of KLN crystals grown along different directions have been studied, and the well-developed facets have been unambiguously indexed using X-ray goniometer and stereographic projection analysis. The growth mechanism and defects such as cracks and inclusions were discussed on the basis of observations of facets on the crystal-melt interfaces. The crystal compositions were determined by chemical analysis method. The structure and lattice constants of KLN crystals were determined and calculated on the basis of XRD data by using TREOR90 and PIRUM programs. The Curie temperature and optical absorption were determined by dielectric constant peak and spectrum measurements, respectively. The blue SHG characteristics of a KLN sample were also investigated using a pulsed dye laser. PACS: 42.70.M;81.10;81.10A;42.65.K.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.652-661
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• 2006

The cut slopes in Jinju area constitute the Cretaceous Sedimentary rock which is one of the most poor ground conditions. The geological rocks of the cut slopes are correlated with Jinju Formation. Most of the rocks consist of Black Shale layer, but the lower parts consist of Alkorsic White Sandstone. So, It is characteristic of the differential weathering due to the difference of rock species. Moreover, vertical joints which concentrate on the released rock and weak rock fragments are accompanied with minor faults. We make out face mapping about each slopes through the detailed field-study and deduce RMR and SMR from the field data. The strength properties of rocks were obtained from references, indoor tests, and Back Analysis method. And, choosing properties were used in the stability analysis as stereographic projection and limit equilibrium analysis and we establish the countermeasures for the cut slopes.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2015

암반에는 단층 절리 층리 균열 편리 벽개 등 불연속면이 포함되어 있다. 따라서, 불연속면을 포함한 암반의 역학적 거동은 연속체와는 다르게 불연속면의 역학적 거동에 좌우된다. 본 연구에서는 불연속면을 고려한 암반의 안정변형해석기법을 제안하고, 암반 붕괴재난현장에 적용했다. 암반 불연속면을 고려하여 평사투영법에 의한 안정해석과 개별절리요소를 포함한 유한요소법에 의한 변형해석 프로그램을 개발하여, 실제 암반 붕괴 재난현장 지역에서의 해석결과와 비교 및 검토를 하였다. 암반 현장에 적용하여 결과를 비교 검토함으로써, 암반의 파괴 거동 해석에 있어서 개발한 불연속면을 고려한 암반의 안정변형해석법의 적용성에 대한 검증을 하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.396-401
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• 1999

In the present paper, potassium lithium niobate(KLN) crystals have been grown along <001>, <100> and <110> directions by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method from Li-richer melts with different compositions. The morphologies of KLN crystals grown along different directions have been studied, and the well-developed facets have been unambiguously indexed using X-ray goniometer and stereographic projection analysis. The growth mechanism and defects such as cracks and inclusions were discussed on the basis of observations of facets on the crystal-solution interfaces. The crystal compositions were determined by a chemical analysis method. The structure and lattice constants of KLN crystals were determined and calculated on the basis of XRD data by using TREOR90 and PIRUM programs. The Curie temperature and optical absorption were determined by dielectric constant peak and spectrum measurements. respectively. The blue second harmonic generation (SHG) characteristics of KLN sample were also investigated using a pulsed dye laser.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

We derived a formula which can calculate the space distribution of refractive index variation by an applied electric field about Bi$_{12}$ GeO$_{20}$ single crystal. Stereographic projection maps of refractive index variation by an applied electric field were made out using numerical value to be calculated by this formula. By the calculated results, since an electric field had applied to [(equation omitted) 1 1] direction and [1 (equation omitted) 1] direction of Bi$_{12}$ GeO$_{20}$ crystal, positive variation of the refractive index of [(equation omitted) 1 1] direction and [1 (equation omitted) 1] direction was the largest. The incremented refractive index per unit electric field was +3.2410${\times}$10$^{-11}$ V$^{-1}$ for the wavelength of 6328 $\AA$. Since an electric field had applied to [1 1 1] direction and [(equation omitted) 1] direction, negative variation of the refractive index of [1 1 1] direction and [(equation omitted) 1] direction was the largest. The decremented refractive index per unit electric field was -3.2410${\times}$10$^{-11}$ V$^{-1}$ for the wavelength of 6328 $\AA$.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2012

개착면의 방향성과 규모가 점진적으로 변화되는 개착사면의 안정성을 지반의 암석학적, 구조적 및 역학적 특성을 종합적으로 고려한 횡단면 분석기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 시추작업을 수행하여 획득한 코어시료를 관찰하여 사면지반의 암석학적 취약성을 조사하였으며, 시추공 내 BIPS 영상을 획득하여 사면 내부의 구조적 특성을 규명하였다. 시추코어 및 코어절리시료를 이용한 암석실험을 통해 사면 지반의 공학적 특성을 분석하였다. 평사투영해석을 수행하여 잠재적인 사면거동 양상과 거동유발 절리들을 분석하였으며, 거동유발 절리들의 트레이스 분포를 개착 형상이 고려된 횡단면상에 도시하였다. 횡단면에 분포된 평면파괴 절리들이 기저면을 형성하는 평면블록들을 절리 트레이스 분포를 고려하여 설정하였다. 횡단면 상에서 심도별 평면블록들의 안정성과 적정 안전율을 유지하기 위하여 요구되는 지보량을 산정하여 최적 사면 설계안 수립에 대한 횡단면 기법의 활용성을 고찰하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2013

노천광산사면은 일반적으로 경제성 문제로 지보대책을 고려하지 않고 설계된다. 그러나 최종 잔벽사면은 장기적인 안정성이 필요하므로 경우에 따라서는 안정성을 높일 수 있는 적절한 대책이 필요하다. 본 연구를 위해 S 석회석 광산의 지질 및 불연속면 조사, 암반평가, 강도시험 등 현장조사를 수행하였다. 그리고 최종 잔벽사면에 대해 평사투영, SMR, 수치해석을 통한 안정성 평가를 실시하고, 최종 잔벽사면의 처리방안을 제안하였다. 해석결과, 사면 전체규모에서 파괴는 예상되지 않지만, 벤치규모의 사면파괴는 발생할 가능성이 있다. 최종 잔벽사면은 프리스플리팅 발파로 정리하고, 중간 소단에 폭이 넓은 berm을 설치하거나 국부적으로 지하수 유출이 있는 곳에는 수평배수공 등을 시공하여 벤치사면의 안정성을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2008

일반적으로 암반사면의 안정성을 평가하는 방법으로는 평사투영해석, 한계평형해석, 수치해석, 안정성 평가표에 의한 방법 등 여러 가지 방법이 이용되고 있다. 이 중 안정성 평가표에 의한 방법은 평가법의 제안기관이나 자국의 특성에 따라 그 평가항목이 상이하며, 또한 안정성 평가표상의 개개의 평가항목에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 315개소의 고속도로 암반사면 분석자료를 이용하여 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 암반사면의 안정성 평가항목중 기하학적 형상(사면높이, 사면경사 및 경사방향, 주불연속면의 경사 및 경사방향, 사면과 주불연속면의 방향차이) 및 지형학적 특성(지형의 집수가능성, 상부자연사면 경사, 사면형상)에 대한 이상치(abnormal value) 분석을 통하여 암반사면 안정성 평가항목의 유효성을 평가하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.569-580
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• 2008

If slope height was more than 20 meters, we conducted an analysis of stereographic projection and limit equilibrium at this slope. We proposed reduction of slope face angle and reinforcement of rock bolt depending on analysis. Blasting design : Standard pattern based on result of local test blasting was made for blasting design. Vibration criterion was set for less than 3.0mm/s because of outworn buildings and inhabitants opinions. Production blasting and Controlled blasting has been done as Construction standard pattern. After Vibration Monitoring has been done, so that we can control of complement. "Bidding Document" and AASHTO 2001 "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets" were so for design criteria of earthwork but they were different actual design criteria and left something to be desired in Afghanistan. Therefore, although "Bidding Document" and "AASHTO 2001" were basic design criteria, domestic design criteria was reflected in this design criteria for complement by discussion with supervisor. Drainage design : For stability ratio, ditch of arch block and stonework was designed by rainfall data for the 13 years and discussion with supervisor. Pavement was designed as flexible pavement. Because these days in Afghanistan postwar repair works, especially urgent repairing of roads and newly making of roads, are very highly in progress, I think that Afghanistan is the region about which our construction technical experts should have great concerns.