• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 2001

To obtain information for the proper fertilization management of cut-flower roses, the amount of macro and micro elements absorbed by cut-flower roses from soil for a year was investigated. Three cut-flower rose cultivars which are called 'Grandgara', 'Nobless', and 'Centina' were transplanted to a sandy loam soil, N-P-K standard fertilization was applied to the soil, and drip irrigation was done at the level of 10 kPa soil moisture tension. There was not significantly different in the harvest amount of cut-flower rose between 'Grandgara' and 'Nobless', but the harvest yield of 'Centina' was about 63% level when compared to that of 'Grandgara'. Considering seasonal changes in the content of nutrients in plant, parts, the uptake of untrients was higher in winter season than that in spring and summer seasons. Except for 'Centina', the nutrient amount removed from plant parts of 'Grandgara' and 'Nobless' increased with the sequence of floral part < stem < leaf, indicating that it is more dependent on biomass yield than on the content of nutrients in each plant part. The ratio of N/K amount absorbed by 'Nobless' and 'Centina' was 1.13 and 1.28. respectively, lower than 1.68 of 'Grandgara', showing that the requirement for K is greater in 'Nobless' and 'Centina' than in 'Grandgara'. The use efficiency of nutrients by cut-flower roses ranged from 39 to 64% in nitrogen, 5 to 9% in phosphorus, and 37 to 67% in potassium. It suggests that the requirement for P in cut-flower roses is very low.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

The efficient timer-controlled irrigation and the favorable fruiting position were investigated far highly quality melon fruits from Feb.18 to July Si 1999. The nutrient solution was supplied either at every hour from 6：00 to 18：00 (T-1) or at 6：00, 8：00, 10：00, 11：00, 12：00, 12：30, 13：00, 13：30, 14：00, 14：30, IS：00,16：00, and 17：00 (T-2). A fruit was set at the first node of the fruit bearing branch from the 10, 12, or 13th node of the main stem. Pot weight was maintained at almost n constant level, regardless of the daily integrated solar radiation in T-2. Soluble solids content (SSC) and fresh weight of fruit were not significantly different among the irrigation treatments at each harvesting time. At the first harvest, SSC and fresh weight of fruit were not significantly different between the fruiting positions within the irrigation treatment. At the second harvest, SSC was higher in T-2 than T-1. The SSC was low in the fruit of the loth node in T-1, while it was not significantly different between fruiting positions in T-2. Fruit fresh weight was the highest at the 12 and 13th nodes in T-1, and the 13th node in T-2. Fresh and dry weights of leaf except petiole, regardless of harvesting time, increased as the node position was higher, The higher the fruiting position was, the lower the leaf weight was. Therefore, it is recommended to irrigate more frequently during the mid-noon. Fruits can be harvested earlier at the lower nodes in the spring crop production.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.267-280
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• 2015

The study was conducted to evaluate effects of time and degree of defoliation on growth of 'Wonhwang' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees managing with low pesticides as well as regrowth of cuttings in vitro. Treatments included degree of defoliation (20% and 60%) with time of defoliation (Early-Aug, End-Aug, and Early-Sep); Early-Aug (20%), Early-Aug (60%), End-Aug (20%), End-Aug (60%), Early-Sep (20%), Early-Sep (60%), and No defoliation. No defoliation and Early-Sep (20%) defoliation increased growth of water sprouts and new shoots, which were improved by delayed defoliation or 20% of defoliation. Total-C, total-N, B, and free sugar contents increased in No defoliation-shoots but decreased in End-Aug (60%)-shoots. Delayed defoliation increased total-C, total-N, and free sugar in shoots, with high contents of C, K, Ca, Mg, and B observed for 20% of defoliation-trees. Fruit yield and weight or fruit length increased in No defoliation, End-Aug (20%) defoliation, and Early-Sep (20%) defoliation, but reduced in End-Aug (60%). Fruit soluble solids content reduced in defoliation in August. Time of defoliation did not affect the fruit yield and fruit quality, while degree of defoliation influenced yield and fruit weight and length. Defoliation at End-Aug (60%) mostly increased the leakage rates of the stem cuttings at $-18^{\circ}C$ and $-21^{\circ}C$ in vitro and reduced the germination rates at $-24^{\circ}C$ and $-27^{\circ}C$. Under comparison of time and degree of defoliation, the Early-Sep defoliation increased germination rates of the stem cuttings at $-27^{\circ}C$ in vitro, and 60% of defoliation decreased the germination rates compared to the 20% of defoliation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-218
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of inoculation with Bradyrhizobia and lime types on the nutrient content and yield of peanut. Inoculation size of Bradyrhizobium sp. HCR-46 was $8.2{\times}10^7$ cells per seed. Slaked lime, magnesium lime, and calcium carbonate were applied in an amount required for neutralization of soil. 150kg of calcium sulfate was fertilized to 10a of the experimental field. Sowing space was $40{\times}25cm$ under vinyl mulching. Leaves and stems for assay were sampled at 100 day after sowing. The obrained results are as follows. 1. Number and dry weight of nodule as well as dry weight of aerial part of peanut plant increased by inoculation with B. sp. and were the highest in calcium carbonate application. 2. Inoculated with B. sp., the contents of T-N, $K_2O$, MgO, allantoin, ammonia, free amino acid and chlorophyll increased, but that of nitrate decreased. 3. The contents of T-N, free amino acid, and chlorophyll were higher in the treatment of calcium carbonate, those of $K_2O$, MgO, allantoin, ammonia were higher in magnesium lime application, and those of CaO and nitrate were higher in slaked lime fertilization than any other lime types. 4. Contents of total sugar and starch in stem at 100 days were higher in the treatment of uninoculation than inoculation with B. sp., and those were highest in the calcium sulfate application than the other lime types. 5. Inoculated with B. sp. length of main stem and number of pods increased significantiy. Yield of seed was higher in inoculation with B. sp. than in uninoculation by 64%, and in the order of carbonate, magnesium lime, slaked lime, in calcium sulfate and non-application was the contribution of soil treatments to yield increases.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2005

This study was carried out to develop a novel hydroponic medium far fruit vegetable crops by using waste synthetic fibers. In physical analysis of the synthetic fiber medium (SFM), the bulk density and percent solid phase were lower, while the porosity and water content were greater in comparison with the rockwool slab. The SFM had pH of 6.5 and EC of $0.03dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ both of which are similar to those of the rockwool slab. The CEC of 0.39me/100mL of the SFM was lower than compared with 3.29me/100mL of the rockwool slab. However, concentrations K, Ca, Mg and Na were slightly higher in the SFM than those in the rockwool slab. The 'Momotaro' tomato crop in the SFM gave comparable plant height, stem diameter, days to first flowering, fruit weight and percent marketable yield as the rockwool slab. In the SFM and in the rockwool slab, mean fiuit weight were 182g and 181g, percent marketable yield were $93.8\%$ and $92.0\%$, respectively. The marketable yield per 10a in the SFM was 12,799 kg, which was $97\%$ of that in the rockwool slab. Growth parameters such as leaf length and width, leaf number, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of an exportable cucumber crop grown in the SFM and the rockwool slab were not different. Fruit weight was greater in the rockwool slab, while percent marketable yield was greater in the SFM. The marketable fruit yield per 10a of 5,062kg in the SFM was $2\%$ greater than that in the rockwool slab. $NO_3$ concentration in nutrient solution during the crop cultivation was higher in the SFM than in the rockwool slab, while concentrations $NH_4$, K, Ca, Mg and $SO_4$ were not different between the two media.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to breed a very early-maturing variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea from 2012 to 2014. New variety "Greenfarm3ho" is a diploid variety with a green leaf color, a semi-erect growth habit in late autumn/fall, and an erect growth habit in early spring. With a heading date of April 27, Greenfarm3ho was categorized as an early-maturing variety. Compared with the "Greenfarm" control variety, Greenfarm3ho's flag-leaf width was narrower by 0.5 mm, its flag-leaf length was longer by 4.4 cm, and its plant length was longer by 3 cm; additionally, Greenfarm3ho's stem thickness was 0.1 mm thicker and it showed winter hardiness. The dry matter (DM) yield (8,976 kg/ha) of Greenfarm3ho was similar to that of Greenfarm. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), total digestible nutrient (TDN), and crude protein (CP) of Greenfarm3ho were 70.0%, 64.1%, and 1.0%, respectively, which are higher than those of Greenfarm by 2.9%, 2.0%, and 1.4%, respectively. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of Greenfarm3ho were 31.4% and 53.3%, respectively, which are lower than those of Greenfarm by 2.5% and 3.0%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the influence of seeding date on growth, characteristic yield and chemical composition of Italian millet (Setaria italica) from April 20 to May 30, 2003(April 20, May 1, May 20 and May 30) in Jeju. A local variety was seeded on days to heading were lessened as seeding date was delayed. The plant height was longest when seeded on 1 May(131cm) than at the other seeding dates. Stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width had the similar trend with plant height. SPDA reading values were greater at earlier seedings. Fresh forage yield was greatest (43.28MT/ha) at 1 May seeding and decreased gradually before or after this seeding date. Dry matter yield, crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield had nearly the same tendency with fresh forage yield. Crude protein, crude fat, NFE and TDN contents were greatest at 30 May seeding and then decreased earlier seedings. Crude ash and crude fiber content tended to decreased as seeding was delayed. Based on the these findings, optimum seeding date for forage production of Italian millet seems to be early May in Jeju island.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

We have researched the changes in nutrient content in each phase of fermentation in crops treated with liquefied pig fertilizer, and have determined the best method for applying livestock excrement to cultured crops. In the execution of this experiment, rice was cultivated to full maturity at a paddy field in Jeollabuk-Do Agriculture Research and Extension Services(Jeon-buk series) from 2007 to 2008. The rice plant nitrogen absorption quantity change, according to the growth stages of the cultivated rice, was 20.3% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure and 22.2% the chemical fertilizer at highest congelation. The chemical fertilizer showed a higher absorption quantity than the liquid manure compost. The nitrogen density at highest congelation was 1.5% in the chemical fertilizer, and 1.8% in the pig manure liquid compost not a significant difference. The stem height at harvest time was 73.8 cm in the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. Those treated with the chemical fertilizer, yielded a height of 4.2 cm less than the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. The yield was 507 kg/10a in the liquid pig manure compost treated rice, compared with the chemical fertilizer, which showed a value of 1.2% lower. The protein content was 6.3% in the rice treated with the chemical fertilizer, but 6.4% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure compost. This is not a significant difference. However, the lodging rice plant treated with the chemical fertilizer control showed a protein content of 6.8%, which was even higher than the normal rice. The head rice ratio in the brown rice and the polished rice ended up to be lower in the crop treated with the liquid pig manure than that treated with the chemical fertilizer, Quality, the palatability value, was similar in both groups. The above result indicate that, the effect of liquid pig manure compost corresponds to the effect of chemical fertilizer, when each are scattered uniformly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

This study was determined to the growth characteristic, yield and chemical content of Azuki bean(Vigna angularis W.F. $W_{IGHT}$) based on five phosphate rates (0, 40, 50, 120, 160, 200kg/ha) from May, 2002 to August, 2002 in Jeju province. Plant height was 80.7cm at 0kg/ha of phosphate level md, as phosphate rates were increased to 160kg/ha and 200kg/ha, lengthened 88.8cm and 88.9cm, respectively, but between the two phosphat levels were no significance(P＞0.05 or 0.0l). Numbs. of branches and leaves per plant, stem diameter, and weight of leaves and stems per plant were the same response with plant height. Fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein, and TDN(total digestible nutrient) yield at the control were 23.8MT/ha, 3MT/ha, 0.5MT/ha and 1.8MT/ha, respectively, at the 200kg/ha plot were 47.3MT/ha, 7.2MT/ha, 1.3MT/ha, and 4.7MT/ha, respectively, as phosphate rate was increased. As phosphate rate increased from 0kg/ha to 200kg/ha, the content of crude protein, crude fat NFE(nitrogen free extract) and TDN increased 15.2%~18.6%, 3.4%~4.5%, 41.4%~45.5% and 58.3%~65.5%, respectively, whereas the content of crude fiber and crude ash were decreased 31.5%~24.8% and 8.1%~6.6%, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irrigation method adopted for reducing nutrient solution drainage on the root zone environment, growth and yield of a tomato crop grown in a rockwool medium. The irrigation control methods used were large quantity irrigation at a long interval controlled by only an integrated solar radiation sensor (standard), medium quantity irrigation at a medium interval (zero drainage 1), and small quantity irrigation at a short interval (zero drainage 2) controlled by both an integrated solar radiation sensor and a zero drainage sensor. The amount of the nutrient solution supplied and the drain percentage per plant of the standard, zero drainage 1, and zero drainage 2 were 1.4, 0.9 and 0.8 L, and 23.8, 8.6 and 3.7%, respectively. The average, minimum, and maximum water contents and EC of the standard, zero drainage 1, and zero drainage 2 were 64.5~88% and $1.5{\sim}3.5dS{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 40.3~76.0% and $2.5{\sim}4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-2}$, and 56.3~69.0% and $2.7{\sim}3.7dS{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. There was no difference in leaf width, number of leaves, and stem diameter among the treatments. However, plant height and leaf length decreased in the zero drainage 1 and 2 treatments as compared to the standard. The fruit marketable yield per 10a in the zero drainage 1 and 2 treatments was about 93 and 88%, respectively, of that in the standard treatment.