• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.296-301
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• 2004

We focused our research interests on the characteristic of silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts and, moreover, revealed the catechin content of silk fabrics after dyeing with Korean tea extract by measuring the residues. Three kinds of green tea samples were taken between April and May, 2003, from Bosung(southern province in South Korea), in different terms as the first corp, the second corp, and the third corp. Before and after dyeing the silk fabrics with these extracts, catechins in the residue were analyzed by HPLC. Four kinds of Catechins, such as (-)-epicatechin(EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate(ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EgC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate(EgCG) were isolated from Korean green tea extracts. Catechine contents in Korean green tea leaves depend on the making process such as heating and steaming, and the younger the richer. The absorbed catechins in sillk fabrics after dyeing followed in a decreasing order of EgCG>EgC>ECG>EC. We have found a 68% uptake of EgCG, and 116.8mg/g of EgCG in the silk fabrics after dyeing with 1% Korean green tea extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 1991

It is of great importance for any vessel under way, especially in rough sea, to be maneuvered safely with proper seakeeping performance. In this paper, the author aims to develope a navigational safety evaluation system in rough sea by analyzing ship's with the theory of wave spectrum using random process analysis and the theory of evaluating the seakeeping performance. The scope and the method of this study are as follows ; (1) Modelized typhoon mathematically to represent the sea condition in rough sea. (2) Estimated sea conditions by getting wave spectrum, supposing that the wave by typhoon is fully developed short crest irregular wave. (3) Defined evaluation factor of vessel's seakeeping performance and obtained response amplitude operators thereby. (4) Obtained the response spectrum of factors on seakeeping performance. (5) Defined and obtained evaluation index, dangerousness, relative and maximum dangerousness of factors on seakeeping performance. (6) Analyzed the calculated dangerousness of evaluation index and picked the vertical acceleration out of 7 factors as the presentative factor on seakeeping performance. (7) Carrid out the judgement of danger by obtaining dangerousness value according to steaming hour, course alteration and speed change. By synthesizing the above items, the authors suggests a computer model of navigational safety evaluation system and examined the validity of the model by computer simulation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2017

The steaming process of Panax ginseng has been reported to increase its major known bioactive components, ginsenosides, and, therefore, its biological properties as compared to regular Panax ginseng. Biological functions of red Panax ginseng attenuating pro-oxidant environments associated with chronic diseases are of particular interest, since oxidative stress can be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Additionally, proper utilization of various biomarkers for evaluating antioxidant activities in natural products, such as ginseng, can also be important to providing validity to their activities. Thus, studies on the effects of red ginseng against various diseases as determined in cell lines, animal models, and humans were reviewed, along with applied biomarkers for verifying such effects. Limitations and future considerations of studying red ginseng were been discussed. Although further clinical studies are warranted, red ginseng appears to be beneficial for attenuating disease-associated symptoms via its antioxidant activities, as well as for preventing oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

Korean red ginseng (KRG) is prepared by the process of steaming the roots of Panax ginseng. In this study, the feeding effects of KRG-water extract (KRGE) on ethanol-induced liver damage were elucidated by measuring serum biomarkers in rats. Serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase (g-GT) activity and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased by short-term and long-term ethanol treatment in rats, whereas the activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) did not respond. Pretreatment with KRGE maintained the activity of serum GPT, and the MDA concentration induced by short-term ethanol ingestion remained within the normal range. However, co-feeding of KRGE to rats decreased the concentration of MDA but failed to modulate the serum ${\gamma}$-GT activity induced by long-term ethanol treatment. Our studies suggest that in rats, it appears that KRGE does not sufficiently reverse the physiological response evoked by long-term ethanol ingestion to maintain normal conditions, in view of the serum biomarker ${\gamma}$-GT, regardless of KRGE's favorable antioxidant activity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2024

The mature Bombyx mori silkworm is recognized as a rich source of several nutrients. A unique steaming process has been developed to enhance the palatability of Bombyx mori silkworm and make it more convenient to consume. Additionally, it has also been freeze-dried into a powder form, which is recognized as a nutritional supplement with many health benefits. Steamed and Freeze-dried Mature Silkworm Powder (SMSP) is said to offer a wide range of benefits, including longevity, improved athletic performance, prevention of alcohol-induced liver fibrosis or tumors, amelioration of fatty liver, prevention of peptic ulcers, regulation of melanin production, and mitigation of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases by improving cognitive function. The nutritional composition of SMSP is particularly high in glycine, alanine and serine. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse effects induced by these key components of SMSP. Such elucidation will enhance the credibility of future studies on SMSP, which will require more comprehensive analyses. It appears that SMSP represents a natural health supplement that could have a positive impact on global human health while increasing income.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop the high efficiency of ginseng by using microwave low temperature vacuum drying technology. In red ginseng manufacturing processes, the study results compared the hot-air drying red ginseng dried during 24hours in $60-70^{\circ}C$ and redried during 72hours in $40^{\circ}C$ after the steaming ginseng with the red ginseng dried in microwave low temperature vacuum dryer on condition that 900 watt, 2.45 MHz, 50 mmHg during 5 hours and redried during 2 hours on 750 mmHg after the steaming ginseng about observation of tissue, sensory evaluation and a change of ginsenoside and crude saponin content. As a result, the red ginseng in microwave low temperature vacuum was had high brightness, the surface turned into porosity tissue and added more flavor, decreased bitterness highly on the contrary increased sweetness at the same time that elevated the comprehensive preference. Moreover, In a short time, the content of ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$ increased about sixfold, eightfold in one time zone but there were no wide difference in content of $Rg_3$ as compared to the hot-air drying red ginseng. Finally, content of crude saponin was increased widely at 10-20 minutes and stayed high crude saponin content consistently. Therefore, this result indicated that the red ginseng in microwave low temperature vacuum increased extraction yields of the ginsenosides and crude saponin through a change of porosity tissue and improved flavor and texture compare with the general hot air dried red ginseng in a short time. According to these results, that provided that could increase the preference about red ginseng.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.144-152
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• 2012

The temperature changes and quality characteristics of $Makgeolli$ produced using rice treated with $Gaeryang-Nuruk$ (commercial improved $Nuruk$) extract were investigated. During fermentation, the treated rice maintained a lower temperature than the control and then rose after the fifth mashing day. For all the treatments, the numbers of yeast, LAB and AAB colonies increased on the second mashing day, and then gradually decreased. As the fermentation proceeded, the pH gradually increased from the third mashing day, and eventually became higher than that on the initial mashing day. The total acid contents increased on the first mashing day, but as the fermentation progressed, they showed little change. The amino acidity and soluble solid contents during overall fermentation and reducing-sugar contents was reduced until the first mashing day, and increased from the day after. As for the alcohol content, that of the control was 6.87% on the first mashing day, and then gradually increased, nuruk-extract-treated rice began with 9~10% alcohol content and then increased as the fermentation proceeded. Among the organic acid contents, lactate was the main material. In the sensory evaluation, the 24 h-, 48 h- and 72 h- treated rice samples showed somewhat good response.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 생약중 도라지를 포함, 인삼, 당귀, 생강, 마 5가지를 선별하여 각 원물별로 항산화 활성 가장 높은 기준으로 증숙시킨 조건의 흑도라지, 흑삼, 흑당귀, 흑생강, 흑마를 확보하였다. 증숙시킨 5가지 생약은 다시 혼합 추출(BMHE; Black Mixed Herbal Extract)하여 증숙하지 않은 생약 혼합 추출물(MHE; Mixed Herbal extract)과 항산화, 항염 및 항알러지 활성을 비교하여 증숙공정이 생약의 생리활성에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 바탕으로 피부향장 소재로 활용가능성을 확인하고자 연구하였다. 실험은 MHE와 BMHE를 각각 50% Ethyl alcohol로 추출하여 감압농축하여 생리활성을 평가하였으며, MHE와 BMHE 추출물에 대한 세포생존률을 확인한 결과 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 각각 89.4%와 95.3%의 세포생존률을 보임에 따라 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 이하의 농도에서 HME와 BMHE 모두 세포독성이 거의 적은 것을 확인하였다. DPPH radical scavenging effects 항산화 활성에 대하여 MHE와 BMHE을 비교한 결과 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성을 보였으며 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서는 각각 66.8%와 74.2%의 라디칼 소거능을 확인하였다. NO assay로부터 항염활성을 비교한 결과에서도 MHE와 BMHE 모두 농도 의존적으로 NO의 함량 감소시켰으며 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$로 처리한 농도에서는 59.5%와 64.7%의 억제율을 각각 보임에 따라 항염 효과도 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 항알레르기 효능 실험 중 하나인 5-LO 억제효능을 측정하여 ME와 BME의 항알러지 효능을 측정한 결과 상기의 결과와 마찬가지로 농도 의존적으로 5-Lipoxygenase를 억제하였으며, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 MHE와 BMHE를 처리하였을 시 5-Lipoxygenase 효소활성에 대하여 각각 76.2%와 83.5%의 높은 억제율을 확인 하였다. 이는 양성대조군인 EGCG를 $200{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 처리한 9.10%에 근접한 억제율을 보임에 따라 항알러지 효과가 우수한을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 BMHE가 MHE보다 항산화, 항염, 항알러지 활성이 우수한 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이는 증숙기법이 생약의 생리활성을 높여주는 것은 물론 더 나아가 본 연구를 통해 확보된 5가지 흑도라지, 흑삼, 흑당귀, 흑생강, 흑마는 향후 피부향장 소재로 활용이 용이할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.2 s.86
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• pp.163-170
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• 2005

Soybean is an important plant as the source of protein and oil, as well as phytochemicals such as genistien, daidzein, phenolic acids, phytic acid, tocopherol, and saponin. Chungkukjang, a fermented soybean paste, is common in Korean meals and bacillus is usually used in the fermentation of steamed soybean. For its processing, whole soybeans are boiled in water until the beans are soft, and then the drained beans are wrapped with rice straw or starter and set in a warm place at $65^{\circ}C\;for\;3\;\~\;4\;days$. Normally, the remaining cooked water which was drained from the steamed beans is discarded. We supposed that this water possesses hish amounts of useful components, and we therefore developed a modified method using the cooked water. After fermentation, we added the remaining cooked water which had been drained from the beans to the fermented soy beans and boiled them together. To investigate the bio-functionality of the modified Chungkukjang, the total antioxidative activity, isoflavones contents, phenolic acids, and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) were measured at each stage of the preparation of chungkukjang. The original and modified chungkukjang possessed a high antioxidative activity compared with the other samples, as did the drained water after steaming of the soybean. The contents of genistein, daidzein, and phenolic acids, which contained antioxidative activity, were also increased in the original chungkukjang and their contents were similar in the modified chungkukjang. The content of 3-DG was increased in the modified chungkukjang compare with the original. It is suggested that the active soybean components delivered to the drained water during the steaming process were useful for increasing the bio-functionality of the modified chungkukjang.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2015

Thermomechanical pulping process uses large amounts of energy, mostly electricity to run electrical facilities. Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) made from Pinus densiflora also has a big drawback that refining consumes 90 per cent of the total energy used in TMP process. This study explored to draw up a way to save refining energy through different thermal treatment at the stages of presteaming and refining. Presteaming temperature was $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, and $120^{\circ}C$. After presteaming at each temperature, refining was carried out at $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, and $140^{\circ}C$ respectively. In a presteaming stage, steaming temperature over $120^{\circ}C$ greatly contributed to the decrease of refining energy leading to earlier attainment of a target freeness, irrespective of refining temperature. In addition, NaOH treatment with presteaming enhanced better development of fiber properties during refining than presteaming without NaOH. High temperature refining at $140^{\circ}C$ produced a high strength paper, and wood chips treated by alkali responded better to refining than at over $120^{\circ}C$. Improved softening effect on wood chips led to the decrease in shives contents but it gave no effect on pitch contents of TMP.