• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2003

This study was to investigate the effects(pain, discomfort, and range of motion) of heat therapy according to the application time among the elderly with osteoarthritis. Study participants were 27 elderly women, who were diagnosed as osteoarthritis, suffered from it for more than 6 months, and who were staying at a nursing home in Busan. The independent variable was heat therapy, which was applied for 20minutes, one time per week according to 3 timetable(before waking up, while in daily living, before going to bed) over 6 weeks. The dependent variables were pain and discomfort measured by 20 points visual analog scales, and range of extension and flexion measured by goniometery. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows ; 1) There were significant differences for pain(F=9.77 p=.0001), discomfort(F=8.07 p=.001), range of extension(F=3.05 p=.05), and flexion(F=9.67 p=.0001) among heat therapy application times. 2) There were significant differences for pain(F=58.18 p=.0001), discomfort(F=63.68 p=.0001), range of extension(F=11.59 p=.001), and flexion(F=17.59 p=.0001) between before and after applying heat therapy. 3) There were not statistically significant differences for pain(F=.64 p=.531), discomfort(F=.18 p=.836), range of extension(F=1.33 p=.270), and fiexion(F=.26 p=.773) between before and after applying heat therapy according to the heat therapy application times. In conclusion, heat therapy was effective in reducing pain and discomfort, and in improving ROM for the elderly with osteoarthritis, but the effect of it was not different according to the time of application. We recommended further studies with larger sample size, longer and more repeatedly applied to investigate the effect of heat therapy according to the time of application.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.419-425
• /
• 2015

When a train is delayed because of a disturbance, the time interval between successive trains increases and high-frequency metro lines can become unstable. Time interval control is therefore necessary in preventing such instabilities. In this paper, we propose an optimal interval control algorithm that is easy-to-implement and that guarantees system stability. In the proposed method, the controlled trains are determined from the time interval deviations between successive trains; the control algorithm for staying time is designed by use of a discrete traffic model to ensure an optimal time interval between successive trains. The results of a computer simulation are also given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2010

When designing the size of a heavy maintenance shop for rolling stock, it is required to arrange buildings and facilities in the minimum site so as to improve the maintenance efficiency. However, the fluctuation rate (hereinafter "allowance rate") on which factors such as service and maintenance fluctuation should be applied when estimating the size of the maintenance shop has been used without verification. The objective of the study is to calculate a reasonable allowance rate and to review its appropriateness through the analysis of the facilities layout and process simulation to absorb the above elements into the staying time in the heavy maintenance shop. Since the working time, in this study, is assumed to be average working time, 10~20% was given to the standard deviation of working time in consideration of difference between workers, and possible allowance rate was drawn by analysis of the simulation results. In the future, it is required to optimize the size of the shop by applying appropriate allowance rate through scientific review of such factors as O&M plan, R/S reserve rate, capability of the shop, outsourcing rate, standard work amount, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to supply data of resident′s participation direction about children′s playground management. In this study, use disposition and consciousness of resident about management are investigated and analyzed at the 5 children′s playground in Taegu city. The results of this study were as follows: The result of resident′s use disposition showed ; visiting frequency was "everyday or occasionally(53.5% )", and visiting purpose was "for children(47.9 %), for rest, sports, spare time(24.6%)" and visiting time was equal1y except forenoon, and staying time was "within 1 hour(73.1%)". The satisfaction about park facilities and park existence of residents′ is composed importance degree of which is convenient, manyfunction spaces, managemental of tree and facilities in order. 9.3% of residents were proposal experience about management, and concern ratio of circumferenmce showed highly "concerned answer(45.9%)" About consciousness ratio of management subject, 46.5% of residents depended on authorities leading. Wholly, recognition ratio showed low. Park administration of authorities leading and lack of resident′s concern wore thought as its problem. About experience of cleaning beautification rout children′s playground, 14.2% of residents answered "be experience". Participation type of desirous management showed highest "cleaning of fallen leaves and rubbish(22.7% )". So, residents wished to take part in such simple managements. Charge of necessary tool and cost for management showed highest "partial charge of residents (47.9% )". About participant ratio of self government activity made by residents, 75.1% of residents answered "don′t be participated". A reason of nonparticipation showed "insufficiency of place and opportunity (38.7%), deficiency of time(17.97)". Activity of initiative and existing group can be done as a fine device in future. Desirous events for children and residents showed highest "play guidence for children or meeting for aged milan(40.7% )". Therefore, it will have to consider enough about resident′s participation program for activity of use and efficient management of children′s playground.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.227-236
• /
• 2024

Chinese high-rise hotels are large in size, densely populated, and have a lot of combustibles. Once a fire occurs, the fire and smoke spread rapidly, and once a fire accident occurs, it is easy to cause a large number of deaths. Fires have a greater impact on special populations such as elderly and children who move slowly. At present, research mainly focuses on the impact of high-rise building structures on evacuation consequences, but there is very little research on the safety evacuation consequences of elderly people and children in high-rise hotels. This paper focuses on the elderly and children living in high-rise hotels in China. We studied three scenarios in which the elderly and children were placed on high floors, middle floors, and low floors. For the above three scenarios, use pathfinder software for simulation, According to the simulation results, when the elderly and children are mainly concentrated in the lower floors (2nd and 3rd floors), the evacuation time is the shortest, 147 seconds. The evacuation time for the elderly and children on the middle floor (6th and 7th floors) is the longest, at 191.5 seconds. Compared to being placed on high floors, safely staying on low floors for all ages reduces evacuation time by 44.5 seconds and improves evacuation efficiency by 23.24%. The final safety evacuation plan is that in daily safety management, hotels should arrange elderly and children occupants on lower floors as much as possible to reduce the total evacuation time and improve personnel evacuation efficiency. This has great guiding significance in the safety management of high-rise hotels.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2007

To improve the environment of individual residential area, the uniform development of multiple dwellings through site should be avoided. As an alternative to a large scale development of the currently popular high-density and high-rise apartment buildings, which disintegrates and destroys existing communities, a new residential type that is applicable to the individual residential area should be developed. From the new residential type, even for short history of Korea of modem urban residence, a new concept of residence can be formed, changing from the concept of a temporary staying place to the concept of a stable residing place. Also, a gradual improvement that transcends time can be expected, and the present and past appearances can co-exist. This study was conducted to suggest a new residential type with unit blocks that can improve the physical structure of existing individual residential area without destroying the structure. That is, among the factors that comprise the individual residential area, this study will focus on the unit block with a medium role between a site and a mega-block, and will suggest a new concept of residential unit in order not to destroy its physical structure. The physical characteristics of the unit block will also be analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.555-564
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to uncover the nature of hope experienced by clients with chronic schizophrenia. Method: A phenomenological approach developed by Van Manen was adopted. Data was collected from intensive interviews on 7 clients with chronic schizophrenia and the expatients' biographies and arts. A phenomenological reflection was done in terms of the four life world existentials. Result: Corporeality: Perceiving the body feeling better, proudness of self, accepting their own ill body and transcending the limitation of the body, expressing self, and staying within the boundary of a healthy body were disclosed as the body's experience of hope. Spatiality :A place with safety, freedom, peace, and sharing was the space of hope. Temporality :The essential experience of time with hope was the continuity of moving forward amid cycling and moments being filled up with something. Relationality : Connecting with someone, having someone who is dependable, understandable and exchanging interest and love were identified as the relationships of hope with others. Conclusion: The results of this study show that chronic schizophrenic patients always strive hard to keep hope and they really need someone who can support them.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.260-270
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the motivational interviewing (MI) dementia preventive intervention on dementia preventive behaviors, depression and cognitive function among elderly over 75 years of age in nursing homes. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 57 participants were divided into three groups; 18 in the MI dementia preventive intervention (Group A), 20 in the dementia preventive program (Group B) and 19 in the control group. Dementia preventive behaviors, depression, and cognitive function were assessed at pre, post, and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results reported that there were significant differences in dementia preventive behaviors and depression among Group A, B, and C. Also, there were significant differences in dementia preventive behaviors and cognitive function during time periods. There was a significant interaction between groups and times in relation to depression. Results suggested that the effects of MI dementia preventive program was persistent after 1 month following the intervention. Conclusion: Further research needs to develop dementia preventive programs considering physical and mental traits of the elderly in late years staying at nursing homes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.106-113
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of recovery from psychological stress when watching plants indoors. As an instrument of measurement of psychological stress, Galvanic Skin Resistance(GSR) has been used because it has been convenient to read a psychological sign without a medical sense and an instrument. In order to make the conditions of stress and recovery, video programs have been made, and especially, the video program of recovery has consisted of three types-- types 1 of watching plants in a botanical garden, type 2 of watching very bush street, and type 3 of closing eyes naturally. The two groups of normal and the mentally handicapped persons have been participated in this experiment to compare the effect of recovery. As the result of this test, the rate of stress relief has been maximumly effected by watching the video program of plants. Between the two groups the recovery of stress has had better effects on the mentally handicapped than the normal one. And also it shows that the circumstances of emotional refinement is led by having plants in indoor. The result of this test has been turned out to be highly useful. It is desirable that a indoor worker, staying for a long time, contact with plants visually to keep healthy mental conditions. This study suggests that the surrounding conditions or the settings of circumstances play an important role for the emotional refinement of the groups of mentally han야capped persons as well as the normal person.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.274-294
• /
• 2017

While studies have viewed the effect of Chinese talent-attracting programs launched by government since reform and open door policy, little of them has assessed these programs empirically and pertinently. This article intends to assess an important program - the Thousand Youth Talents Program (TYTP). Frist, this paper proposed a transnational migration matrix of the academics to clarify the dynamic mechanism of academic brain gain at the high end. Then, the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model are used to empirically analyze the policy effect of TYTP. The results show that, academic ability have double edged impacts on brain gain at the high end, some scholars whose last employer's academic ranking is world's Top100 have stronger willing to return, and the negative effect of academic ranking decreases with time passing; while scholars with a tenure-track position, a tenure position or a permanent position tend to stay overseas, and the hazard rate of staying increases with age. The older scholars have more intentions to go back China, while gender was not a significant factor influencing academic return at the high end. That is, the talent-attracting programs has partly succeeded in bringing back the academics at the high end.