• 제목/요약/키워드: State-dependent service

검색결과 52건 처리시간 0.034초

Nonlinear optimal control for reducing vibrations in civil structures using smart devices

  • Contreras-Lopez, Joaquin;Ornelas-Tellez, Fernando;Espinosa-Juarez, Elisa
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.307-318
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    • 2019
  • The frequently excessive vibrations presented in civil structures during seismic events or service conditions may result in users' discomfort, or worst, in structures failure, producing economic and even human casualties. This work contributes in proposing the synthesis of a nonlinear optimal control strategy for semiactive structural control, with the main characteristic that the synthesis considers both the structure model and the semiactive actuator nonlinear dynamics, which produces a nonlinear system that requires a nonlinear controller design. The aim is to reduce the unwanted vibrations in the response of civil structures, by means of intelligent fluid semiactive actuator such as the Magnetorheological Damper (MRD), which is a device with a low level of power consumption. The civil structures for which the proposed control methodology can be applied are those admitting a state-dependent coefficient factorized representation model, such as buildings, bridges, among others. A scaled model of a three storey building is analyzed as a case study, whose dynamical response involves displacement, velocity and acceleration of each one of the storeys, subjected to the North-South component of the September 19th., 2017, Puebla-Morelos (7.1M), Mexico earthquake. The investigation rests on comparing the structural response over time for two different conditions: with no control device installed and with one MRD installed between the first floor and the ground, where a nonlinear optimal signal for the MRD input voltage is determined. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller for reducing the building's dynamical response.

비살균 숙성 치즈의 미생물균총 분석에 이용되는 새롭게 개발된 분자생물학적 방법: 총설 (Novel Molecular-Based Approaches for Analyzing Microbial Diversity in Raw-Milk Long-Ripened Cheeses: A Review)

  • 김동현;천정환;김현숙;이수경;김홍석;이주연;임진혁;송광영;김영지;강일병;정다나;박진형;장호석;서건호
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2016
  • Various microflora, including lactic acid bacteria, are important and necessary components of various cheeses and have significant roles in cheese manufacturing and ripening. In general, the starter culture and secondary microflora could affect the physicochemical properties of various cheeses and could contribute to modifications during manufacturing and ripening. Therefore, during cheese manufacturing and ripening, microbial diversity may depend on continuous interactions among microflora and various environmental conditions. The microbial diversity of cheese is very complex and difficult to control using the classical microbiological techniques. However, recent culture-independent methods have been rapidly developed for microflora in cheese, which could be directly detected using DNA (and/or RNA) in combination with culture-dependent methods. Therefore, this review summarizes state-of-the-art molecular methods to analyze microbial communities in order to understand the properties that affect quality and ripening as well as the complex microbial diversity of various raw-milk, long-ripened cheeses.

실시간 차량정보를 이용한 안전권고속도 산정방안에 관한 연구 (Study on Advisory Safety Speed Model Using Real-time Vehicular Data)

  • 장정아;김현숙
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제30권5D호
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    • pp.443-451
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 실시간 차량정보를 이용한 안전권고속도의 산정방안에 대한 연구이다. 여기서 실시간 차량정보는 모든 차량에 ECU 수집장치를 탑재하고 끊김없는 무선 통신이 이루어짐에 따라 운전자에게 제공할 수 있는 유용한 정보이다. 이러한 실시간 차량정보를 기반으로, 도로노면정보가 실시간으로 센싱될 경우에 유용한 안전권고속도 모형을 개발하였다. 여기서, 안전권고속도는 "A단일 구간에 대한 시간적 흐름에 따른 교통환경 및 도로노면상태 변화에 따른 안전 속도"로 정의하였고, 차량간의 안전거리, 통계적 차량속도, 노면상태 정보를 기반으로 그 값을 산정하도록 모형을 개발하였다. 이후, 미시적 시뮬레이터인 VISSIM을 기반으로 교통상황(원활, 정체), 유고상황(미발생, 발생), 노면상태(건조, 습윤, 적설)에 따른 권고속도의 관계를 살펴보았다. 12가지의 시뮬레이션 시나리오의 결과로 3가지 변수와 권고속도는 유의한 관계성과 그 추세를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 안전권고속도 모형에서는 안전권고속도가 평균속도보다 높게 유지하도록 하나 유고의 발생, 노면상태의 변화에 따라 실시간으로 안전속도를 변화하도록 제시하고 있다. 이러한 연구는 향후 스마트하이웨이와 같은 도로에서 운전자들이 제공받을 수 있는 도로교통과 IT가 융합된 중요한 서비스로 기대되는 바이다.

기혼여성의 경제적 의존과 복지국가 (Married Women's Economic Dependency and the Welfare State)

  • 김영미
    • 사회복지연구
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    • 제36호
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    • pp.55-80
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    • 2008
  • 이 연구는 기혼여성의 경제적 의존 수준을 국가 비교를 통해 분석함으로써, 그동안 많은 복지국가 및 소득불평등 연구에서 간과해 온 가족 내(within a family) 불균등한 권력관계를 검토하였다. 기혼여성의 경제적 의존은 가구 내에서, 그리고 전체 사회 내에서 여성들이 열악한 지위에 놓여 있게 하는 원인으로 작용한다. 가족 내 부부의 소득의 비중을 이용한 Sørensen & McLanahan(1987)의 의존 지수(Dependency Index)를 OECD 16개 국가에 대해 도출하였다. 분석 자료는 가구 내 남편과 부인 각각의 소득에 관한 정보를 제공하는 룩셈부르크 소득조사(LIS) Wave V(2000년 전후 시점)이다. 이 지수는 노동시장 참여여부, 노동시간, 임금수준을 종합적으로 고려하였다. 의존 지수는 배우자 중 한 명이 노동시장에 참여하지 않는 경우를 포함한 모든 부부를 대상으로 했을 때와 맞벌이 부부만을 포함했을 때로 구분하여 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 부부를 대상으로 했을 때 의존 지수값은 스칸디나비아 국가들이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이는 이들 국가의 높은 경제활동 참가율에 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 7세 미만 자녀가 있을 경우 기혼여성의 경제적 의존 상황은 더욱 악화되는데, 국가마다 상당한 정도의 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 맞벌이 부부를 대상으로 한 의존 지수값의 경우, 앞의 결과와 비교하여 대부분의 국가에서 의존 지수값이 작아졌고 국가 간 편차가 다소 줄어들었다. 여성 파트타임 고용률이 높은 국가들의 경우, 여전히 의존 수준이 높게 나타나 기혼여성의 노동시장 참여가 반드시 맞벌이 가구에서의 경제적 권력관계를 변화시키는 것은 아님을 보여주었다. 마지막으로, 기혼여성의 경제적 독립수준이 높아지는데 필요한 정치 경제 제도적 조건에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. Ragin(2000)의 퍼지셋 질적비교분석(FSQCA)방법을 사용하여 필요충분조건 분석을 실시한 결과, 강력한 노동운동의 영향력, 높은 수준의 공공 부문 고용창출, 관대한 가족지원 조건이 기혼여성의 경제적 독립성에 필요한 조건임이 검증되었다.

간호사(看護師)들의 간호사고(看護事故) 경험(經驗)과 사고원인(事故原因)에 관한 지각(知覺) (Perception on the Nursing Accident Experience of the Nurses and Its Cause)

  • 이순복;문희자
    • 간호행정학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.246-267
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    • 1995
  • Recently the request of the patients to participate in the medical courses has been expanding due to the elevated sense of right on the people's health, merchandised medical treatment by mass supply, human right declaration of the patients, generalized medical informations by the mass media and the change of human relation between the medical personnels and the patients. Under these phenomena the patients have been in the thought of solving such accidents only by regulation of the laws which they think to be all powerful, Such trends are same in the area of nursing service. Also today the accident by the nurses have been increasing by the area of the nurses having been expanded and their independent roles having been increased. Such nursing accidents are the important subject which the professional occupation of the nurse has been facing but legal protective capability of the nurses has been very weak. Therefore this study has examined the degree of the experience of the nursing accident that happens in the clinical nursing scenes in the general hospital to provide the basic materials for the protection and the counter measures of the nursing accident. The following is the conclusion based by the above examination. 1) The experience degree of the whole nursing accidents has been appeared as 1.90 in average. And the degree according to service area has been 1.77 in the area of supervising management of patients, 1.54 in the area of the same management of patients by head-nurses, 1.84 in the area of doctors' treatment performances, 14 in the enforcement and education areas of the nursing technology, 2.04 in the area of observing patients and judgement and 2.07 in the area of nursing records and maintaining confidentials. Accordingly there has been higher degree of accidental experiences in the independent service areas of the patients than in the dependent ones directed by the doctors. 2) The perception of the nurses showed that the cause of the nursing accident has been due to the heavy work of the nurses with the 60.4% of the response rate, the highest rate. They report the accident to the head nurse first by 2/3 nurses after accident. And the hour of the accident has been frequently happened regardless of service hours with 48.1% in response rate, the highest rate, and the nursing accident happens in the night more than the daytime with the rate of 37.5% at night while 14. 4% daytime. 3) The nurses are in the perception that the patients are responsible for the accident with 48.2% response rate while 43.9% rate in response showed that it has been caused by many people. They are in the perception that 41.7% when the nursing power was lacking, 46.7% lower recognition of actual state about indivitual patient in the section of technical speciality and 35.8% when the patients were not cooperative and 37.8% when the wards were dirty and in disorder. 4) the attitude of the patients after the various nursing accidents has been violent words in 72.7%, violence in 17.4% and 3.9% in attending the court by the sue of the patient's side(18 nurses). 5) The action of the hospital has been : requesting the submission of the story of the accident in 22.8%, the report of the accidents in 14.4%, thus the written statement disposal was most, 4.5% was the transfer to the other departments when the accident was larger or the patients' guardians protested strongly and 0.6% of the dismissals of the nurses. 6) In regard to the responsiblity of the nurse accidents, 78.9% was the highest rate of supplying the nursing manpowers, 48.4% of mutual cooperation of the medical personnels, 37.2% of strengthening the education for the nurses and hospital facilities reformation in 32.7%. 7) The review of relation between the general characters of the object of the study and the degree of experience of nursing accidents showed the significant differences in ages (F=4.04, p=0.000).

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도시 지역 이동을 위한 랜드마크의 공유 온톨로지 연구 (Communal Ontology of Landmarks for Urban Regional Navigation)

  • 홍일영
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.582-599
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    • 2006
  • 최근 정보기술의 발달과 대중화로 인해, 일반인들에게 지리정보의 보급이 확대되었고, 길찾기를 위한 인터넷 지도서비스나 혹은 차량항법장치 등은 공간의사결정에 지리정보시스템을 활용하는 좋은 사례라고 할 수 있다. 기존의 시스템이 제공하는 서비스에서 발견할 수 있는 문제점 중 하나는, 사용자가 그 지역에 처음 방문한 여행자이든 혹은 사용자가 그 지역에 지리를 어느 정도 알고 있는 거주자이든, 동일한 방식의 길찾기 방식이 적용된다는 점이다. 주어진 도시지역에 대한 공간지식은 거주기간에 따라 발달하게 되고, 도시이동은 공간에 대한 경험 속에서 발달된 인지지도에 많은 영향을 받게 되며, 이들의 공간적 지식의 발달은 그들이 속한 사회적 관계에 밀접한 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 보다 인지적인 길찾기를 위한 서비스를 위해서는, 주어진 지역 내에서 사람들에게 잘 알려진 장소들, 다시 말해, 랜드마크를 통한 위치 인식이 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 본 연구는 사회적 관계를 공유하는 한 지역 내 커뮤니티의 지역이동에 있어서 발달하는 인지지도를 하나의 공유된 지식으로 보고 이를 활용하는 도시공간이동에 대한 개념적 모델을 제시하였다. 이와 함께, 개념적 모델에 지식공학의 접근방식 중 하나인 온톨로지 방법론의 응용가능성을 살펴보았다. 지역 내 잘 알려진 공유된 랜드마크 지식을 지식모델링 기법의 하나인 온톨로지 방법으로 모델링하여 재사용가능한 지역지식으로 구조화하여 이를 공유 온톨로지라 정의하였다. 사례연구에서는 설문조사와 웹 내용분석의 방식을 통해 랜드마크의 추출하고, 온톨로지 방법론을 통해 사례지역 내 랜드마크 정보를 데이터베이스로 구성하여 활용하는 방안에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 기계적 알고리듬으로만 제한된 현재의 GIS 기능을 인지적 모델과 접목을 도모하는데 큰 의미를 갖는다.

장기요양 인정자의 신체적 및 정신적 기능 상태와 삶의 질과의 관계 (Relationship Between Status of Physical and Mental Function and Quality of Life Among the Elderly People Admitted from Long-Term Care Insurance)

  • 김형선;배남규;권인선;조영채
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.319-329
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    • 2010
  • Objectives: This study was performed to determine the levels of quality of life (QOL) according to the grade of long-term care service for the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance, and to reveal its association with the physical and mental functioning such as the Activity of Daily Living (ADL), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K). Methods: The interviews were performed during the period from March 1 to May 31, 2009, for 958 elderly people in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire items included various indices such as the ADL, IADL, CES-D, and MMSE-K, as independent variables and the index of QOL, as the dependent ones. For statistical analysis, t-tests were used for the mean scores of QOL according to gender and the grade of long-term care services, and Spearman's correlation was used for each variable. The effects of physical and mental functioning for QOL were assessed by covariance structure analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean scores of QOL among all the subjects was $55.4{\pm}15.62$ (Grade I: $49.7{\pm}14.17$, Grade II: $56.8{\pm}14.62$, Grade III: $59.4{\pm}16.36$), and it was lower according to the higher grade of long-term care insurance. In terms of the correlation matrix of the QOL and the physical and mental function factors, the QOL showed positive correlation with the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K, while it had negative correlation with depression. On the analysis of covariance, mental functioning (depression and the MMSE-K) had a greater influence on the level of QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL). Conclusions: The level of the QOL in the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance was lower according to higher the grade of long-term care insurance. Also, the mental functioning (depression and MMSE-K) was more influential on the level of the QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL).

Camphor의 Hedgehog 신호 SMO 조절을 통한 지방구세포 분화 억제효과 (Camphor Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation via Its Impact on SMO-dependent Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling)

  • 최재영;임종석;이자복;양영헌
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제30권11호
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    • pp.973-982
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 지방구세포 감소를 위한 소재개발로 감국 추출물의 대표물질인 camphor가 갖는 지방구세포 분화억제효과를 관찰하였다. camphor의 세포독성을 확인하기 위해 3T3-L1 세포주를 이용하여 세포독성 측정을 1 day에서 10 day까지 확인하였고, 세포독성은 모두 없었다. PTCH siRNA를 처리 시 PTCH가 비활성되어 분화가 억제되었고, SMO siRNA 처리시 SMO가 비활성화되어 분화가 유도되었다. PTCH 억제는 SMO를 활성화시키는 기전으로HH 신호의 활성화가 지방구세포 분화를 억제시키는 것을 보여준다. FACS를 이용한 Gli1 발현은 KCTC 3237은 62.7±1.5%, camphor는 60.4±2.2% 로 분화된 세포 24.9±3.1% 보다 높은 것을 확인하였다. GC-MS에서 발효된 camphor의 구조변화는 없는 것으로 확인되었으나, KCTC 3237에서 15.41% 양적 증가를 확인했다. 또한camphor가 SMO를 과발현시키고, Gli1의 변화를 조절하였다. 따라서 감국 발효물의 생리활성 물질 중 향후 매커니즘 분석을 위한 활성물질인 camphor를 이용해 동물모델에서 비만억제 효과에 대한 자료가 더 필요할 것으로 여겨지며, 감국 추출물 및 발효물의 HH신호조절이 새로운 비만치료제로 개발될 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

국가직무능력표준(NCS) 기반 채용에서 직업기초능력에 대한 취업준비생의 인식 분석 (An Educational Needs Analysis for Job Applicants Relating to the Core Competency Used in National Competency Standards(NCS-Based) Recruitment)

  • 김혜영;백송이;윤재희;박인우
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권7호
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구의 목적은 국가직무능력표준(NCS) 기반 채용 환경에서 직업기초능력에 대한 취업준비생의 인식 차이를 분석하고, 진로 및 취업교육 설계를 위한 정보를 얻는 것이다. 연구 수행을 위해 전문대, 4년제 대학의 취업준비생 355명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 직업기초능력의 영역별 중요도와 현재 수준의 차이를 분석하였다. 또 IPA분석을 활용하여 교육 요구도를 확인하였다. 연구결과, 직업기초능력 10개 영역 모두 중요도와 현재 수준 사이의 유의미한 차이를 보였다. IPA분석 결과, 두 집단에서 공통적으로 강화해야 하는 영역은 대인관계능력, 의사소통능력, 수리능력, 문제해결능력, 자기개발능력으로 나타났으며, 현재 과잉상태로 인식되는 영역은 자원관리능력으로 나타났다. 두 집단별 요구도를 확인한 결과, 전문대 취업준비생은 문제해결능력을, 4년제 대학 취업준비생은 의사소통능력, 대인관계능력, 정보능력을 집중적으로 강화해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

대퇴경부 골절 환자의 입원 생활 (The Hospital Life of the Patient with Femoral Neck Fracture)

  • 김경자;지성애
    • 간호행정학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.35-56
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    • 1996
  • Nowerdays, the increase of traffic accidents and old age population make the Femoral Neck Fracture(FNF) patients increase. By the improvement of education and standard of living the patients demand better medical service than before. This study is designed to give practical help for the FNF patients by observing their hospital life and establish practical nursing strategies for the FNF patients. For these purposes the Ethnographic Participant Observation was adopted. By this study is focused on the hospital life patient's view. For this end, the field study adopted orthopedic ward in the C University Hospital with 400 beds in Seoul. The object patients of the study were twelve patients. The patients experienced five stages : Embarrassment, Conflict, Stability, Independent, and Extension Stage. The findings and prepared nursing strategies are stated as follows. First, in the Embarrassment Stage they suffered embarrassment, anxiety, pain, they could not do ordinary things. The patients who accidental fractures had anxiety from unfamiliar tests and from hospitalization itself. They lamented that they could not ordinary things, and do nothing but obeying the hospital, and endure the pain. They recognized the changed environment and resigned themselves to life in the ward. In this stage, full openness by the nurses is needed. Second, the attribute of the Conflict Stage were conflict, fear, curiosity, belief, reflection. When they sign the consentment form, they experience conflicts about the possibility of complication, fear of recovery from anesthesia, curiosity about the operation procedure, post - operation state, reflection on their past life, and promise to care for their family members after discharge and keep their religious life faithfully. And they accepted the operation depending on God, believing in modern medicine, and the surgeon. Asking for their changed informations, they expected positive results from the operation. In this stage, an empathic attitude by the nurses is needed. Third, the attribute of the Stability Stage were relief, gratitude, difficulty with excretion, and pain. When they awoke from anesthesia, they felt relief because of a the end of the operation, but they experienced extreme pain, difficulty of excretion in bed. They accepted the changed environment and expected recovery. In this stage, support by the nurses is needed. Fourth, the attributes of the Independence Stage were freedom, exercise, nurturing, anxiety, and discomfort. When they ambulated and exercised, they experienced freedom. They showed exhibited weakness of the digestive organs and discomfort hospital's space, structure, and facilities, the delay of medical certificate issue the lack of prompt response by the medical agents. They ate nurturious food and felt anxiety on the end of hospital life and returning to their ordinary life. They showed the independence of overcoming their environment by increasing exercise and expected their discharges. In this stage, respect by the nurses is needed for the patients to, overcome their environment and prepare for their independence. Fifth, the attributes of the Extension Stage were pessimism, isolation, dissatisfaction, and pain. Accompanied injury and old age made their ward life extend to over seven weeks. They exhibited weariness, melancholy, skeptisis, general pessimistic feeling, and desperation caused by their isolated life. They experienced the digestive discomfort caused by the prolonged medication and psycological pain caused by long-time hospitalization. As a, result, their dissatisfaction on the human, physical, and systematic environments had been increased. They acquired critical power and sought for something to do spending their time. They expected vaguely about the returning of their ordinary life. In this stage, counseling is needed by the nurse to overcome positively their psychological, social, and physical problems. The process of the FNF patient's ward life starts from the dependent state, when they are hospitalized, and gradually progresses to self-fulfillment in order to keep independent life. As a result, the FNF patients showed "Response in Challenge" or "Adaptation in Conflict" through their experiences of social, physical, and psychological difficulties.

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