• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.616-624
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to contribute to maternal nursing in early postpartum stage and to neonatal nursing. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include parental role stress scale, state-trait anxiety scale, and perception of the newborn scale. The subjects consisted of 100 mothers in the early postpartum stage at three hospitals in the Kyoung-In area, from November 8 to December 26, 1997. The data were analyzed by an SPSS program. The results are as follows ; 1. The mean of parental role stress of mothers in the early postpartum stage was 10.70$\pm$2.63. The means of state anxiety and trait anxiety of mothers were 36.29$\pm$8.45 and 38.53$\pm$8.36. The mean of perception of the newborn was 2.65$\pm$5.05, and 59% of mothers rated their newborn as better than the average newborn. 2. The level of parental role stress correlated to the level of state anxiety and trait anxiety. The level of state anxiety and trait anxiety were also related. The level of perception of the newborn was related to the level of state anxiety and trait anxiety. 3. Mothers who did not want the pregnancy, whose newborns were girls, and who already had one child had higher state anxiety than those who did not. Mothers who already had one child, and whose newborn had no specific signs had higher trait anxiety than those who did not. Mothers who professed a religions had a higher perception of the newborn than those who did not. The above findings indicate that the levels of parental role stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety and perception of the newborn of mothers in early postpartum stage were correlated. Therefore nursing intervention for reducing stress and anxiety, and improving perception of the newborn should be provided for mothers in early postpartum stage.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the high school-girls' trait-state anger, personal relationship position in class and bullying behaviors, and to develope the nursing intervention to prevent the damages of young people's mind according to the bullying conditions. Method : The objects of this study chose from the girls high schools in 'D' city and 233 students answered the questions. The data were collected from June. 11 to 20. 2001. The major instruments used for this study were Trait Anger-State Anger Scale(Chon, 1995) to inquire the level of anger and Bullying Behaviors Scale(Kim, 2000) and personal relationship position in class. Statistical analysis for the research included descriptive statistics, t-test and correlational analysis, and for the analysis of data the SPSS program was used. Result : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Total participant's trait anger had a positive correlation with state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. 2) The participants in the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those in the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 3) According to personal relationship position of the class, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 4) Also, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than peripheral group in the same classes. 5) The peripheral group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 6) Central group's trait anger of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon had a positive correlation to state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, central group's state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. conclusion : In conclusion, the level of trait anger and state anger in high school girls affected to occur the bullying behaviors in students and especially, the trait anger in central group students was primary factor for the effect.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was examine effects of fatigue, anxiety, depression, social support, and spiritual well-being of supportive education program for hospice patients's family. Method: Using a non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design, 70 study subjects were assigned into two groups, experimental group (n=35) and the control group (n=35). Measures were fatigue, state-anxiety, depression, social support, and spiritual well-being to test for the effects of supportive education program for hospice patients's family. Data analyzed using $x^2$ test, t-test with SPSS/WIN 19.0 version. Results: The experimental group receiving supportive education program for hospice patients's family had a significant changes of fatigue, state-anxiety, depression, social support, and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: The supportive education program for hospice patients's family is an effective intervention to enhance social support and spiritual well-being and to decrease fatigue, anxiety and depression.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2010

This study explores the influence of health behaviors and individual attributes on adolescent overweight and obesity using data from Wave II (Add Health). Structural equation model/ path analysis using maximum likelihood estimation was utilized to analyze the relationships of health behaviors and attributes with obesity. Results of the model reveal that the causal paths (adolescents' attributes and health behaviors) for overweight and obesity were different for African American and Caucasian adolescents. Generally, African Americans were more susceptible to overweight and obesity than Caucasians. Although increasing levels of vigorous physical activities lowers the risk for obesity among African American and Caucasian adolescents alike, low family SES and being sedentary were associated with overweight and obesity among Caucasians. No significant associations were found among African Americans. Increased hours of sleep at night relate positively with obesity among African Americans. These findings suggest important elements in the consideration of race in developing effective intervention and prevention approaches for curbing the obesity epidemic among U.S. adolescents.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

As the catch-up innovation system was exposed to a new competition environment in which second-tier catch-up countries reduced the gap with Korea and advanced Korean firms entered into the frontier product market, it is experiencing system delay in terms of organizational and policy change. Therefore, innovation policy needs to be reorganized from a dynamic perspective to analyze the problems in the transition period and enable the system to overcome organizational and institutional delays. This article investigates the characteristics of transition periods in terms of external environment changes and internal socio-economic pressures. Based on the analysis of environment changes and catch-up system characteristics, it suggests the framework for policy intervention, direction, and practical principles for post catch-up innovation policy. In particular, it suggests the network-based developmental state and policy implementation in order to overcome the limitation of centralized developmental state of catch-up periods.

• Health Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

Purpose: This descriptive research study was influence of state of smoking, smoking beliefs and smoking cessation self-efficacy(SCSE) in a nursing college students. Survey design was adopted for 137 nursing college students in Gyeongbuk. Methods: Data were gathered from April 30 to May 14, 2018. Analyzed for descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between smoking belief and SCSE. The significant factors influencing SCSE were daily average amount of smoking, smoking motivation, and smoking beliefs. This model explained 58.2% of variance in SCSE. Conclusion: The results suggest that an intervention program is needed to reduce negative decreasing smoking beliefs and improving smoking attitudes in the nursing college students.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.112-126
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of the need of telephone call and to identify the status of nursing intervention through telephone. Head nurses of the pediatric nursing unit and a nurse of pediatric outpatient clinic wrote down the telephone record of calls by parents of children discharged from hospital from 7 am to 3 pm during the period of March to June, 1995. Content of 120 telephone calls but for 26 calls with incomplete record among 146 calls were analyzed into frequency of general characteristics, needs and nursing intervention. The needs of telephone call were identified and classified into 11 areas and analyzed into frequency of detailed content by 11 areas. Nursing intervention was identified and classified into 10 categories, and analyzed into frequency of detailed content by 10 categories. The findings of this study were as follows ; The need of telephone call was identified with nutritional state, medication, vital signs, language retardation, personal hygiene, vaccination, administration procedure, physical symptoms, follow up care management and others. The most frequent needs were physical symptoms and vaccination. A kind of food among nutrition dose of drugs among medication, fever among vital signs, cough among physical symptoms, and content of vaccination among vaccination was the most frequent needs. Nursing intervention through telephone was identified with instruction, knowledge offer, information offer, judgement, solicitation, referral and instruction, referral, connection, reassurance, reservation, and regulation. Instruction, knowledge offer and information offer was the most frequent nursing intervention by telephone call. Instruction was about a visit to hospital, a visit to nearby clinic, instruction about symptoms,, instruction about nursing care procedure, retelephoning and vaccination. Knowledge offer was about vaccination, knowledge related to medication, and dental care. Information offer and judgement was about vaccination and medication. Referral and instruction delivery was about instruction delivery following consultation to doctor, visit to emergency room and a visit to hospital following consultation to doctor. These results suggest that telephone call intervention program should be established as a field of extended pediatric nursing role in health care delivery system for the children.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.248-262
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet of the Korean multi-domain dementia prevention program on the cognitive functions of the elderly with dementia risk factors. We developed the program including nutrition, exercise, cognitive training, vascular disease prevention, and motivation. One- hundred and fifty-three participants aged 60~79 years with at least 1 dementia risk factor were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the facility-based intervention (FMI), home-based intervention (HMI), and the control group. The nutrition education program consisted of 10 classes over 24 weeks: the FMI received 7 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions, the HMI received 4 group sessions and three 1:1 sessions with 3 homework sessions. The Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to evaluate nutritional status. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Cognitive Complaint Interview (CCI) were used to evaluate cognitive functions. A total of 136 people completed the program with an 11.1% dropout rate. The NQ-E (P=0.009) and RBANS (P=0.001) scores significantly increased in the FMI (N=45) and HMI (N=49) groups compared to the control group (N=42) after the study. The changes in the score of MNA and CCI did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, the nutritional intervention which focused on the MIND diet as a part of a multi-domain intervention program had a positive effect on the improvement of healthy eating habits and cognitive function scores in the high-risk dementia group.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical therapy combined with a virtual reality (VR) game on pain, quality of life (QOL), engagement, and knee function in post-knee-surgery patients. Methods: Twenty-four patients who had undergone knee surgery four weeks or more before the study were recruited. Two withdrew from the study during the four-week experimental period, and a total of 22 patients were included in the final analysis. Routine physical therapy consisting of electrostimulation (10 min.) and therapeutic massage (10 min.) was the base intervention for all groups. The experimental group (n = 10) was additionally exposed to a VR game intervention, while the control group (n = 12) underwent an intervention involving similar motions as the experimental intervention but with no VR. The intervention for the experimental group used the game Rig Fit Adventure on Nintendo switch. Both groups underwent their respective interventions 3 times a week (35 min. per session) for 4 weeks. Pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and QOL was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Engagement was assessed using the Korea flow state scale (K-FSS). Finally, knee movement and function were assessed based on knee flexion and extension, range of motion (ROM), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: After the four-week physical therapy, both groups showed significant reductions in pain (on the NRS), increased knee ROM (flexion), better WOMAC scores, and increased EQ-5D-5L scores (p < 0.05), with the experimental group showing significantly better improvements in EQ-5D-5L and K-FSS scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that a VR-game-integrated intervention is effective for improving pain, QOL, engagement, and knee function in post-knee surgery patients and that VR-game-integrated interventions could be therapeutic alternatives for patients bedridden for prolonged periods with little motivation for rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2002

Purpose: This study is to identify the effects of muscle relaxation therapy on mood state and job stress of clinical nurses, finally to purpose the bases of nursing intervention to increased of work efficiency and job satisfaction. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 50 clinical nurses (23 for experimental group), who were working for 1-5 years in medical and surgical ward from the 2 C-University medical center in Seoul. This study was conducted from May 12 to July 25, 2000. The muscle relaxation therapy was performed 5 weeks to experimental group. The experimental group participated in the muscle relaxation training sessions for 20minutes twice a week during five weeks. The level of job stress was measured by nurses occupational stress scale. The level of Psychological response was measured by Profile of mood state. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test. Result: The results of this study were as follows: The experimental group who received the muscle relaxation therapy showed more reduction of job stress level (t=1.35, p=0.038) and profile of mood state level (t=2.27, p=0.027) after therapy than those in control group. Conclusion: This study reveals that the muscle relaxation therapy is effective in reduction of nurse's job stress and promotion of mood state. So the researcher thinks that it is useful in reduction of job stress and increased of job satisfaction in hospital.