• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.19-46
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• 2013

This paper aims to show the learning process and the educational effects of Divide-and-Combine principles and State Models, which are included in the Butterfly Model for creative problem solving. In our State Models, there are Time State Model, Space State Model, and Whole-Parts State Model. We have taught middle school students (for 18 hours), high school students (for 24 hours), and undergraduate students (for 1 semester) about our proposed Models when they solved contradiction problems. Also, we have made the students learn our contradiction resolution algorithms by themselves based on team-based discussion. By learning and by using our Models, the students had the higher level of expertise in contradiction problems and had the growth mindset that made them have confidence in themselves and kept them challenging themselves about problems. Also, learning and solving with our Models improved the students' growth mindset as well as their problem-solving ability.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2016

State Ownership of Excavated Cultural Heritage System was originated from the legislations concerning cultural objects during the Japanese colonial period (1910~1945) and was succeeded by the present Buried Cultural Properties Act enacted in 2011. Despite the importance of the system that completes the outcomes of excavations and determines the state-owned cultural properties, the foundation of national heritage, it has been limitedly regarded as administrative area and neglected by the academic scholars or policy researchers. Recently the traditional culture has drawn increasing domestic interest and awareness that the cultural heritage contributes to building cultural identity and vitalizing tourism has led to increasing the demand of a local government's role in management of the state-designated cultural heritage and even fighting for hegemony in securing the cultural objects between the central and local governments. Despite the continuing efforts for improving the selection process of cultural heritage and its management institution, establishment of an advanced objective system has been requested. This paper is intended to suggest the policy direction through demonstrating the problem and assignment caused in the process of implementing the Buried Cultural Properties Act and reviews the State Ownership of Excavated Cultural Heritage System from the legal point of view accordingly. First, I suggest improving the selection process of the state-owned cultural properties. Even though current law states that Administrator of Cultural Heritage Administration reviews the research reports and selects the possible candidates for the state-owned cultural properties almost all the cultural objects listed on the reports are practically selected. In this regard, two possible resolutions can be made; newly establishing a separate process for selecting the state-owned cultural properties after publishing the report or adding the selection process of the state-owned cultural properties during the heritage selection meeting. Either way should contribute to strengthening the impartiality and objectivity of the policy. My second suggestion is improving the operating system of the heritage selection meeting in which the cultural properties to be listed on the reports are determined. Given the present extensive assessment criteria, there is much room for certain experts' subjective opinions. Therefore, in order to enhance the fairness and credibility of the heritage selection meeting, specifying the assessment criteria and advance review of the expert list are necessary. Third, this paper suggests increasing the local government's role in management of the state-owned cultural heritage and diversifying the heritage management institution. Development of a local self-governing system has led to the increased demand for delegating the authority of the state-owned heritage management to the local governments. Along with this, the gradual improvements of public museum management raises the need for expanding the cultural benefits through increasing the local government's role in management of the state-owned heritage. Considering the fact that overall majority of the art collections housed at national or public museums is owned by the central government, developing a variety of heritage contents and vitalizing the heritage tourism are crucial. The true meaning and value of the state-owned cultural heritage hidden at the storage of a museum can be found when they are shared together with the public.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1981

This paper develops a method of modifying the usual maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of a two state Markov process when the trajectory of the process can only he observed at regular epochs. The method utilizes the limiting behaviors of the process and the properties of state transition counts. An efficient adaptive strategy to be used together with the modified estimator is also proposed. The properties of the new estimators and the adaptive strategy are investigated using Monte Carlo simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1989

Multistate survival data with censoring often arise in biomedical experiments. In particular, a four-state space is used for cancer clinical trials. In a four-state space, each patient may either respond to a given treatment and then relapse or may progress without responding. In this four-state space, a model which combines the Markov and semi-Markov models is proposed. In this combined model, the generalized maximum likelihood estimators of the Markov and semi-Markov hazard functions are derived. These estimators are illustrated for the data collected in a study of treatments for advanced breast cancer.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.374-379
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• 1988

We propose a framework for modelling and operation management of robotic assembly cells via knowledge base. In the framework, each component of the cell is considered as a state variable, the relations among the state variables are stored in state transition maps(STMs) and then transformed into the form of knowledge. The assembly job tree(AJT) which includes the precedence relations and the constraints for assembly tasks is also described. Finally, an algorithm is presented to manage the cell operation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.507-508
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• 2013

International Roughness Index (IRI) has been widely used by state DOTs to quantify pavement smoothness. When pavement condition falls below certain IRI thresholds, corresponding pavement maintenance treatments should be considered for application. Selection of appropriate IRI thresholds is essential to tactical allocation of limited resources to improve the conditions of states' roadway systems. This selection process is often challenging, however, because IRI thresholds are largely determined by Perceived Ride Quality (PRQ), and PRQ differs in each state. In this paper, a framework is proposed to address this problem. Passenger raters will be randomly selected from predetermined geographic locations, and their PRQ ratings collected. Taking this perceived ride data, along with other data collected, a statistical analysis will be conducted to establish the relationship between measured IRI values and PRQ. Appropriate IRI thresholds will then be determined. Once this framework is implemented, state DOTs could make informative maintenance decisions, which are expected to greatly enhance the public perception of pavement conditions in today's challenging economy.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of the work is to develop a system that allows processing of information for analysis and industrial risk management, to monitor the level of industrial safety and to perform necessary measures aimed at the prevention of accidents, casualties, and development of professional diseases for effective management of industrial safety at hazardous industrial sites. Methods: Risk assessment of accidents and incidents is based on expert evaluations. Based on the lists of criteria parameters and their possible values, provided by the experts, a unified information and analytical database is compiled, which is included in the final interrogation questionnaires. Risk assessment of industrial injuries and occupational diseases is based on statistical methods. Results: The result of the research is the creation of Guidelines for risk management on hazardous industrial sites of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Guidelines determine the directions and methods of complex assessment of the state of industrial safety and labor protection and they could be applied as methodological basis at the development of preventive measures for emergencies, casualties, and incidents at hazardous industrial sites. Conclusion: Implementation of the information-analytical system of risk level assessment allows to analyze the state of risk of a possible accident at industrial sites, make valid management decisions aimed at the prevention of emergencies, and monitor the effectiveness of accident prevention measures.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2019

The energy management technology for an independent fuel cell-battery hybrid system is developed for a household usage. To develop an efficient energy management technology, a simulation model is first developed. After the model is verified with experimental results, three energy management schemes are developed. Three control techniques are a fuzzy logic control (FLC), a state machine control (SMC), and a hybrid method of FLC and SMC. As the fuel cell-battery hybrid system is used for a house, battery state of charge (SOC) regulation is the most important factor for an energy management because SOC should be kept constant every day for continuous usage. Three management schemes are compared to see SOC, power split, and fuel cell power variations effects. Experimental results are also presented and the most favorable strategy is the state machine combined fuzzy control method.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.494-496
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• 2013

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a systematic optimization process that allows users to compare different alternatives and to determine if a project is a solid investment. Many state DOTs have included CBA in their pavement management systems (PMSs) to help allocate state funds for maintenance, rehabilitation, resurfacing, and reconstruction of pavements. In a typical CBA, each pavement type has an assigned weight factor which represents the level of importance of this pavement type. To conduct an accurate CBA, it is essential to select appropriate weight factors. Arbitrarily assigning weights factors to pavements can lead to biased and inaccurate funding allocation decisions. The purpose for this paper is to outline a method to develop an ideal set of weight factors that can be utilized to conduct more accurate CBA. To this end, a matrix of all possible weight factors sets was developed. CBA was conducted for each set of weight factors to obtain a population of possible optimization solutions. Then a regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship between benefit and weight factors. Finally, a multi-objective genetic algorithm was applied to select the optimal set of weight factors. The findings from this study can be used by state DOTs to strategically manage their roadway systems in a cost effective manner.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.707-717
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• 2022

As the variability of recent rainfall is increasing, it is becoming important to recognize the possibility of changes in the current reservoir state in advance and to inspect the stability based on accurate evaluation standards. However, the evaluation standards for the state change factors of reservoirs are still not suitable for agricultural reservoirs and thus much improvement is needed. Therefore, in this study, the evaluation criteria for state change factors specialized for small reservoirs were categorized and standards were prepared by considering factors that may cause state changes on the dam crest, upstream slope, and downstream slope of the embankment. The categorized results were configured based on the number of mentions of the precision safety inspection report on major defects in 102 reservoirs and the defect factors found in field investigations. The findings of the study indicated that the current state change standards require many revisions for excessive or unnecessary state change factors in the reservoir. Specifically, the deletion of measurement gauges not applicable to the reservoir, the addition of defects found in the reservoir, and the scope of use of the term were proposed. The results of this study can contribute to efficient system operation and management by improving the deficiencies in the system and introducing a new state change factor.