• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2022

Korean Government Budget Supports for startups have been spiked and resulted in increasing the number and scaling up Startup Accelerating managers. It have skyrocketed the strong demand for their qualified roles. However, unclear role description and gap between required role and their capability have discouraged startup manager's self-efficacy resulted in declining their full commitment and causing poor role performance. The focus of this research falls on empirical analysis to the effect of startup accelerating manager's capability characteristics on their full commitment and performance to start-up support groups. This research is expected to deliver diverse policy alternatives to build up manager's core competencies to accelerate their self-efficacy leading their full role commitments and finally pushing up policy performance. In addition, this research will found more strong literature review for the following researches in this emerging fields. This research is brought four highlighting results with respect to four research problems. First, it propose proper concept of startup accelerating manager based upon its legal entitlement. Second, it drive required core competencies of manager for successful their accountability. Third, it analyze the unique features of startup accelerating manger's capabilities against business incubation manger. Fourth, it empirically analyze in coming with government startup funding, the effect of self-efficacy including employment status, job environment, etc. on their organizational commitment and job performance. This research reveal the required unique core competencies of manger into founder sourcing ability, project managing ability, startup proving and pivoting ability, consulting ability for successful investment raising. As of this empirical research results, First, manager's ability have positively effect on their job performance, full commitment, and self-efficacy. Second, self-efficacy have a mediating effect on manager's ability, job performance, full commitment. This research derive key policy implication of requiring to build up more accelerating ability, of manager from the basics to advance level by customized and algorithm based traing program. This accelerating ability buildup program will not only surge self-efficacy of manger resulting in making full commitment and better job performance, but also devote to categorizing the unique new feature and position of manger as seed investment and supporter.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.189-207
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• 2020

The government has achieved quantitative growth in university start-up education while supporting start-up education. However, it failed to systematize start-up education from an academic, policy, and practical perspective and to reveal the relationship between education and achievements in supporting start-ups. Therefore, there is a lack of interest and effort to promote effective education. In Europe, in-depth research has already been done over many years to establish an EntreComp system. Competences create values for others and attempt to apply them to education, viewing them as the people's lifelong competitiveness. On the other hand, it is urgent to improve the education system as domestic university start-up education is mainly focused on cultural level start-up skills and easy-to-access education from a business administration perspective. Based on this, the entrepreneurship competence-based start-up education system was designed. Next, eight EntreComp frames were drawn for university students through the Focus Group Interview (FGI) and Delphi survey methods, as well as domestic and international prior studies on EntreComp. In 2018, 919 start-up education programs of 42 start-up leading universities were conducted to derive the status of education by EntreComp. Prior studies of 25 entrepreneurship competences, including data from Bacigalupo et al.(2016), which studied EntreComp in the EU, were investigated and reflected the frequency of research and the importance of education and start-up perspectives. Based on the purpose of the university start-up education presented in this study, the entrepreneurship competence frame consisting of a total of eight, including spotting opportunities, value creation, self improvement, mobilising resources, technology application, strategic management, relationship, and learning through experience, was derived through expert verification. It also investigated the current status of education by competence, the degree of reflection of competence education, and the relationship with the results of support for start-ups that reflect the number of students enrolled in each university. Through this, it was suggested that future start-up education at universities could be improved from the EntreComp perspective. It has a differentiation in research in that it conducted a thorough survey using the data on start-up courses operated by leading startup universities for a certain period. However, it is difficult to generalize because the number of samples of leading startup universities is limited. Nevertheless, this study proposes the educational goal of advancing university start-up education from the perspective of entrepreneurial competence, cultivating future required competences, and fostering entrepreneurial talents that create value for others. In addition, it is meaningful in that it presents a clear direction for subsequent research by preparing a framework for research from a more essential perspective on the entrepreneurship competence frame.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.561-589
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• 2015

Up to present science and technology (S&T) policy in Korea has focused on producing academic papers and patents through the increase of investment on research and development (R&D). However, as the role of science and technology on boosting national economy has been emphasized and the current government has established 'creative economy' as a main policy agenda, 'technology commercialization' has been moving onto the center of S&T policy. Technology commercialization policy encourages R&D outcomes of public R&D institutions to be utilized in private firms for their new business development, and this concept is in line with out-bound open innovation, in the sense that it involves the flow of technological knowledge from public R&D institutions to private firms. Based on this understanding, this paper analyses government technology commercialization programs and attempts to suggest policy implications. The results suggest that future technology commercialization policy (1) be specialized in a way of reflecting the characteristics of each government ministry, (2) strongly support technology licensing-out, (3) strengthen the linkage between each programs, and (4) nurture expert groups, such as accelerators who can help and foster technology start-ups.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2022

North Korean defectors are experiencing economic hardship due to the prolonged COVID-19 outbreak. In order to solve this problem, interest in starting a business is increasing. This study targeted the current and previous government, and discovered major topics through text mining of news data on North Korean defector starting a business to examine the start-up support policies according to the keynote of the present regime. Additionally, key factors for successful start-ups were derived through interviews with North Korean defectors who have done them. As a result of the analysis, it is necessary to focus on women and the youth, and to actively expand specialized entrepreneurship education and financial support for North Korean defectors. In addition, it was confirmed that there is a need for a practical and continuous entrepreneurship education program.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.25-37
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to survey startup founders within 7 years of founding the importance and satisfaction of the components of the scale-up entrepreneurial ecosystem at the national level in Korea and analyze the direction of scale-up policy by component using IPA (importance-performance analysis). Since the perception of founders, who are the subjects of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, affects the quantity and quality of start-ups, research is needed to analyze and diagnose the perception of scale-up components. For the development of the national economy and entrepreneurial ecosystem, companies that emerge from startups to scale-up and unicorns must be produced, and for this, elements for the scale-up entrepreneurial ecosystem are needed. The results of this study are as follows. First, the importance ranking of the components of the scale-up entrepreneurial ecosystem recognized by founders was in the order of "Financial support by growth stage," "Support for customized scale-up for enterprises," "Improvement of regulations," "Funds dedicated to scale-up," "large-scale investment," and "nurturing technical talents." Second, the factors that should be intensively improved in the importance-satisfaction matrix in the future were 'Pan-Government Integration Promotion Plan', 'Scale-Up Specialized Organization Operation', 'Company Customized Scale-Up Support', 'Regulatory Improvement', and 'Building a Korean Scale-Up Model'. As a result, various and large financial capital for the scale-up entrepreneurial ecosystem, diversification of scale-up programs by business sector, linkage of start-ups and scale-up support, deregulation of new technologies and new industries, strengthening corporate-tailored scale-up growth capabilities, and providing overseas networking opportunities can be derived. In addition, it is expected to contribute to policy practice and academic work with research that derives the components of the domestic scale-up entrepreneurial ecosystem and diagnoses its perception.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

The core objective of this research article is to investigate different challenges and opportunities in management as well as start-ups of small businesses in India. The prudence behind this research is to examine various problems in front of the small businesses and to offer vital support and cooperation to overcome those with the support of concerned institutions through consultancy and training programs. The researchers have an intention to make available the research results to the governmental agencies, concerned small business institutions and also to the educational institutions which are continually design plans, programs, policies and strategies to upgrade the managerial and technical dexterities of the small business Indian operators. After thorough revision of relevant literature on small businesses and its management, the researchers used a well structured questionnaire and in-depth personal interviews with 586small business operators selected from manufacturing, trading (retailing and wholesaling), finance, servicing/repair businesses which are located in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The researchers have used convenience sampling and collected data was analyzed with the support of Microsoft Excel and frequency distribution. Noticeably, majority of the small businessmen in India are facing myriad number of challenges both in management and at the time of establishment of their business operations. In particular, 72.47 percent of small businesses operators' have substantiated their strong opinion towards the challenges they are facing particularly finance, marketing and other problems while managing their businesses. The researchers also attempted to get the opinions on problems of the various categories of small businesses while starting their operations. A staggering 68percent of respondents identified the problems related to preparation of business plan, location selection, marketing and other problems like lack of proper credit facilities, skilled manpower, and other infra related problems while setting up of their businesses. On an average, 64.62 and 63.51 percent of small businesses are facing various kinds of problems both at the time of day-to-day management as well as start-up of their businesses respectively. The present research confined with the opinions of only four categories of small business operators particularly from the manufacturing, finance, trading (retailing and wholesaling), and servicing/repair which are continuing their business operations from the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The present study emphatically provides concrete information required to the business community for identifying an assortment of challenges faced by different small business operators in managing and at the time of their inception. This research paper is first of its kind from this part of the world by offering extensive and credible information required for prospective entrepreneurs in facing the dynamic challenges in managing their business. Furthermore, this research presents invaluable inputs to the stakeholders like all types of governments, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and educators' about the various impediments faced by the small business community in India.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of individual characteristics (entrepreneurial self-efficacy) and environmental characteristics (social support, government support policy) on entrepreneurial intention for college students in Korea and China. In particular, the moderating effect of differences between countries (Korea and China) was demonstrated in the relationship between individual and environmental characteristics and entrepreneurial intention. The results of the empirical analysis of 626 Korean and Chinese university students are as follows. First, all of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, and government support policies perceived by Korean college students had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. In particular, Korean college students' entrepreneurial intentions were influenced in the order of social support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and government support policies. Second, all of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, and government support policies perceived by Chinese college students had a positive effect on start-up intention. In particular, entrepreneurial intention of Chinese college students was influenced in the order of government support policy, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and social support. Third, the relationship between environmental characteristics (social support, government support policy) and entrepreneurial intention was adjusted by differences between countries. First, the positive relationship between social support and entrepreneurial intention was generally higher for Chinese college students than for Korean college students. In addition, the positive relationship between government support policy and entrepreneurial intention was higher for Chinese college students than for Korean college students as the level of awareness of government support policy increased. Finally, theoretical and practical implications for the intention of Korean and Chinese college students to start a business were presented, and the limitations of the study and future research directions were presented based on this study.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-235
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• 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology is recognized as a key technology that will determine future national competitiveness, competition for AI technology and industry promotion policies in major countries is intensifying. This study aims to present implications for domestic policy making by analyzing the policies of major countries on the start-up of AI companies, which are the basis of the AI industry ecosystem. The top four countries and the EU for the number of new investment attraction companies in the 2023 AI Index announced by the HAI Research Institute at Stanford University in the United States were selected, The United States enacted the National AI Initiative Act (NAIIA) in 2021. Through this law, The US Government is promoting continued leadership in the United States in AI R&D, developing reliable AI systems in the public and private sectors, building an AI system ecosystem across society, and strengthening DB management and access to AI policies conducted by all federal agencies. In the 14th Five-Year (2021-2025) Plan and 2035 Long-term Goals held in 2021, China has specified AI as the first of the seven strategic high-tech technologies, and is developing policies aimed at becoming the No. 1 AI global powerhouse by 2030. The UK is investing in innovative R&D companies through the 'Future Fund Breakthrough' in 2021, and is expanding related investments by preparing national strategies to leap forward as AI leaders, such as the implementation plan of the national AI strategy in 2022. Israel is supporting technology investment in start-up companies centered on the Innovation Agency, and the Innovation Agency is leading mid- to long-term investments of 2 to 15 years and regulatory reforms for new technologies. The EU is strengthening its digital innovation hub network and creating the InvestEU (European Strategic Investment Fund) and AI investment fund to support the use of AI by SMEs. This study aims to contribute to analyzing the policies of major foreign countries in making AI company start-up policies and providing a basis for Korea's strategy search. The limitations of the study are the limitations of the countries to be analyzed and the failure to attempt comparative analysis of the policy environments of the countries under the same conditions.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.309-326
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• 2020

There often is information asymmetry between start-ups and the investors, which is because start-up companies in the early stages do not have track records. Meanwhile, since the government grants programs go through a fair and the intense competition process, the government grants can provide a more objective information for start-ups in the early stages and perform a signal function that guarantees a company's capabilities and potential. This study confirms the quantitative relationship between government grants and investment attraction by using the hurdler model. We found that, although there is the proportionate relationship between the scale of government grants and that of external funds, more than a certain amount of government grants is required for technology-based start-ups to exceed the stage of attracting their first external funds. Our findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the hurdles structure in the study of signaling theory perspective, as the mechanisms for determining whether or not to attract external funds are different from determining the level of external funds. In addition, differentiated policy support is needed to help early-stage technology start-ups go beyond the threshold of investment attraction-the creation of a 'threshold effect'.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.23-45
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• 2018

The Korean government has provided various policy devices to boost technology transfers between academia and industry since the establishment of the Technology Transfer Promotion Act in 2000. Along with the enactment of the law, the Korean government mandated the establishment of a technology transfer office at national and public universities and encouraged technology transfer activities. Despite the quantitative expansion of technology transfer offices (TTOs), operational inefficiency was brought up. As a supplementary policy, the Korean government implemented a line of projects to support the labor and business expenses of leading TTOs. This research questions whether the project greatly affected the technical efficiency of TTOs. We analyze publicly available university panel data from 2007 to 2015 using a one-step stochastic frontier analysis. The results suggest that the program was marginally effective at shifting the technical efficiency distribution to the right on average, but it failed to maximize its impact by diversifying the policy means based on targets. The marginal effects of the program on technical efficiency differ according to the research capability and size of each school. We also compare technical efficiency against the licensing income at the start and end of the program. Technical efficiency increased for the leading TTOs, and both measures show improvements for unsupported TTOs. Our empirical results imply that diversifying the program for universities with different characteristics may have improved the effectiveness of the policy.