• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.425-429
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• 2003

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen for cattle, causing various forms of subclinical and clinical mastitis and could be a causative agent of food poisoning, it produces various superantigenic exotoxins which have a great public health significance. A total of 72 S. aureus clinical isolates from dairy farms located in Kyunggi Province Korea were examined for the species identification by biochemical method, and for the detection of $\beta$-lactamase, enterotoxin and other exotoxins genes by PCR. The results of species identification by biochemical method agreed with those of PCR done with species specific primer STA-AU. $\beta$-lactamase is an enzyme closely associated with the resistance to antibiotic penicillin, which is an important means of treatment of mastitis, all the isolates were positive for the presence of genes encoding $\beta$-lactamase, which were reproduced in penicillin susceptibility disc assay. Six types of toxin genes, Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE)A, SEB, SEC, SEE, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) and exfoliative toxin A (ET A) were detected in 72 isolates by PCR associated genotypic method in this study, none of the isolates carried the genes for enterotoxin D (SED) and exfoliative toxin B (ETB). The occurrence rate of exotoxin genes rated as 12.5%, and the precision of the PCR identification results has been confirmed using the reference strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2006

To find potential targets of novel antimicrobial agents, we identified essential genes of Staphylococcus aureus N315 by using comparative genomics and allele replacement mutagenesis. By comparing the genome of S. aureus N315 with those of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, a total of 481 candidate target genes with similar amino acid sequences with at least three other species by >40% sequence identity were selected. of 481 disrupted candidate genes, 122 genes were identified as essential genes for growth of S. aureus N315. Of these, 51 essential genes were those not identified in any bacterial species, and 24 genes encode proteins of unknown function. Seventeen genes were determined as non-essential although they were identified as essential genes in other strain of S. aureus and other species. We found no significant difference among essential genes between Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus with regard to cellular function.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.387-391
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• 1993

Strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus were compared and differentiated by staphylococcin sensitivity. Strains were tested by the cross-streaking method on brain heart infusion agar. From 31 staphylococcin producers, a typing set of 9 producers was selected and used to type all of the strains. All 81 strains of Staph hyicus subsp. hyicus tested were typable and were differentiated into 12 different sensitivity patterns. Strains of the same serotype from different sources could be further subdivided by their staphylococcin sensitivity patterns. Other staphylococcus species could also be typed by use of the 9 standard strains of Staph hyicus subsp. hyicus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2023

The skin is a dynamic ecosystem on which diverse microbes reside. The interkingdom interaction between microbial species in the skin microbiota is thought to influence the health and disease of the skin although the roles of the intra- and interkingdom interactions remain to be elucidated. In this context, the interactions between Malassezia and Staphylococcus, the most dominant microorganisms in the skin microbiota, have gained attention. This study investigated how the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus affected the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus to the azole antifungal drug ketoconazole. The susceptibility was significantly decreased when Malassezia was co-cultured with Staphylococcus. We found that acidification of the environment by organic acids produced by Staphylococcus influenced the decrease of the ketoconazole susceptibility of M. restricta in the co-culturing condition. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the significant increased ergosterol content and cell membrane and wall thickness of the M. restricta cells grown in the acidic environment may be the main cause of the altered azole susceptibility of the fungus. Overall, our study suggests that the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus influences the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus and that pH has a critical role in the polymicrobial interaction in the skin environment.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate antibiosis of decoctions made by Cassiae Semen(CaS), Celosiae Semen(CeS) and Buddlejae Flos(BF). Methods : Decoctions made by CaS. CeS and BF were prepared. After administering decoctions made by CaS. CeS and BF on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Condida albicans) which cause Keratitis, the size of inhibition zone and MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) were measured Results : The inhibition zone on bacterial species didn't appear, after administering decoctions made by CaS, CeS and BF. Conclusions : This experimental study is showed that decoctions made by CaS, CeS and BF don't have antibiosis on bacterial species which cause Keratitis.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

목적: 최근 시력 교정용 기구 및 주변용품들에 대한 미생물의 오염이 안과 질병요인으로 지목됨에 따라 시력 교정용 안경에 대한 세균의 오염 실태를 조사하였다. 방법: 초등학생 36명, 중학생 37명, 고등학생 30명, 대학생 10명, 노인 32명으로 총 145명의 안경으로부터 세균을 채취하여 분리 배양한 후 동정하였다. 결과: 시력 교정용 안경으로부터 검출된 세균은 총 17종으로 Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sp., CNS, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serretia sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter cloacae, GNR, Pseudomonas aeruginosa이었다. 안과질환과 관련한 세균류는 각막염을 유발하는 Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, 각막궤양을 유발하는 Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, 급성누낭염, 안와봉소염, 망막정맥주위염, 눈꺼풀테염을 유발하는 Staphylococcus aureus와 급성결막염 등을 유발하는 Streptococcus hemolyticus가 포함되었다. 결론: 시력 교정용 안경에서 고위험군 기회감염성 균류들이 다량으로 존재하는 것을 확인하였으며 이를 통한 감염에 따른 질병의 유발이 예측되므로 안경의 청결관리를 위한 대안이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

Objective: This experimental study was designed to investigate the safety and the effectiveness of Samjeong pharmacopuncture solution (SPS) manufactured by using a the lowtemperature extract on process. Methods: To identify the safety and the effectiveness of using SPS as eye drops, we performed applied eye irritation tests on rabbits and antibacterial tests for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans. The eye irritation test was performed according to the toxicity testing regulation of the Korea Food & Drug Administration (2009. 8. 24, KFDA 2009-116). After SPS had been applied on the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 7th day. After SPS had been dropped on bacterial species that cause keratitis, the minimum inhibition concentration and the size of the inhibition zone were measured. The anti-bacterial potency was also measured by taking the size of inhibition zone. Results: After SPS had been administered on the left eye of the rabbits, none of nine rabbits were found to show abnormal signs or weight changes. After SPS had been administered on the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation in the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th & 7th day. No specific response was detected in MIC for bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans after SPS had been applied. Conclusions: This study suggests that SPS is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine that does not cause any of eye irritation in rabbits, but it has no antibacterial effects on bacterial species that are well known to cause keratitis. These results suggest that more research is required on extracts from herbal medicines for treating keratitis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Staphylococci are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci, normally found on the skin andmucosal surfaces of most warm-blooded animals and often involved in a wide variety of diseases in animals.Staphylococcal infections are treated with antibiotics and, consequently, antibiotic resistance and/or acquiredresistance have developed. Staphylococcus (S.) intermedius and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus are 2 comonveterinary isolates that are frequently associated with suppurative infections. This study was undertaken toexamine antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus (23 isolates) and S. intermedius (160 isolates) isolatedfrom dogs in Gwangju, Korea and investigate whether the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and S.intermedius is efected by the site of isolation, age, and sex of dogs. More isolates were isolated fromadult dogs (71.3%) than juveniles (20.5%). Antimicrobial resistance was commonly found for Penicillin,Tetracycline, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole in both Staphylococcus species. All of the isolates weresusceptible to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Cephalothin, Oxacilin, Neomycin, and Vancomycin. Appropriateprotocol for antibiotic use and strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance rate will be needed. Periodicsubstitution of antimicrobial agents and limitation of antibiotic use should also be considered.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1987

A total of 129 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species was characterized by the tests of coagulase production, haemagglutination, mannitol fermentation, DNase production and hemolysis. Ninety-nine out of them showed positive reactions to the tests, therefore they were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The isolates showing positive reaction in haemagglutination test also showed 100% of tube coagulase positive reaction. The haemagglutination test was a reliable method for identifying Staphylococcus aureus in the clinical laboratory. S. aureus produced stronger hemolysis with human blood agar than with sheep blood agar. Antibiotic resistant S. aureus isolates(S-46, S-112, S-126) had 4 to 6 p]asmid DNA elements. The S-112 strain had 6 plasmid DNA elements(1.8, 2.2, 3.7, $26.3{\sim}50$, and 70 Mdaltons), the S-126 had 4 elements(2.6, 4.2, $4.6{\sim}60Md$), and the S-46 had 1 element(${\sim}100Md$). PPSA strain had 4 plasmid DNA elements(2.5, 4.2, $4.6{\sim}60Md$) and S. aureurs(ATCC) strain contained 9.4, 26.3 and ${\sim}50Md$ plasmid DNA elements.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of herbal eye drops, Tangpo-san and Coptidis rhizoma on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. The following results were obtained by using Minimum inhibition Concentration(MIC) and inhibition Zone. 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Tangpo-san was 100%, in Coptidis rhizoma was 100% and in Cravit was 0.1% 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Tangpo-san was 100%, in Coptidis rhizoma was 10% and in Cravit was 0.1%. 3. MIC on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tangpo-san, Coptidis rhizoma was not showing and in Cravit was 0.1%. 4. The size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus aureus for Tangpo-san was 13.3mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, for Coptidis rhizoma was 26mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$ and for Cravit was 31mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, showing the highest antibacterial effect. 5. The size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus epidermidis for Tangpo-san was 16mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, for Coptidis rhizoma was 25mm in $40{\mu}{\ell}$ and for Cravit was 34mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, showing the highest antibacterial effect. 6. The size of inhibition zone on Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Tangpo-san, Coptidis rhizoma was not and for Cravit was 24.7mm in $50{\mu}l$, showing the antibacterial effect. In addition, the results shows that the herbal eye drops, Tangpo-san and Coptidis rhizoma can be used to cure Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis and if further study is performed, the use of herbal eye drops will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines.