• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

The performance analysis of an electronic equipment test is very complicate due to the variety o vehicles. In this study, automatic design system for the electronic equipment test has been carried out using the standard load patterns. For the test, standard signal patterns for each item are modeled. The test items can be decided by the user by means of these patterns. Also, engineering software modules are developed and proved to be very efficient for analyzing the test results statistically. Experiments are performed for the test system in the vehicle assembly line. By analyzing the test results, it is found that bad samples can be detected without failure. Also, the engineering software modules provide an analytical tool for the automation of the test process.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.25-35
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• 2008

In domestic cases, the standard support pattern of 2-lanes road tunnels is presented because construction experience and high degree various data was abundant. But, it is not desirable to apply standard for 2-Arch tunnels that the precedent and measuring data is insufficient existing support pattern blasting plan and interpretation of separate way concerning specific terrain and rock quality. In this study, behavior according to load distribution ratio and Unsymmetrical Pressure about standard support pattern which is applied in design and construction of 2-arch tunnels was analysed and the examination of blasting vibration has influence on the center wall is conducted as a consequence reasonableness of support whether or not with presumed support pressure and ground reaction curve method. In result appropriateness of standard support pattern, support quantity is proper but considers specific terrain and rock quality condition when design and construction of further step 2-arch tunnel standard support pattern must be decided by considering terrains, soil properties and construction condition of the objective tunnel.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2016

Understanding load patterns and customer classification is a basic step in analyzing the behavior of electricity consumers. To achieve that, there have been many researches about clustering customers' daily load data. Nowadays, the deployment of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and big-data technologies make it easier to study customers' load data. In this paper, we study load clustering from the view point of yearly and daily load pattern. We compare four clustering methods; K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering (average & Ward's method) and DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise). We also discuss the relationship between clustering results and Korean Standard Industrial Classification that is one of possible labels for customers' load data. We find that hierarchical clustering with Ward's method is suitable for clustering load data and KSIC can be well characterized by daily load pattern, but not quite well by yearly load pattern.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.11
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 2018

For effective electricity consumption in urban railway station such as peak load shaving, it is important to know each electrical load pattern by various usage. The total electricity consumption in the urban railway substation is already measured in Korea, but the electricity consumption for each usage is not measured. The author proposed the deep learning method to estimate the electrical load pattern for each usage in the urban railway substation with public data such as weather data. GRU (gated recurrent unit), a variation on the LSTM (long short-term memory), was used, which aims to solve the vanishing gradient problem of standard a RNN (recursive neural networks). The optimal model was found and the estimation results with that were assessed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.88 no.5
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• pp.419-437
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• 2023

The use of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls (SW) as an efficient lateral load-carrying system has gained recent attention. However, creating openings in RC shear walls is unavoidable due to architectural requirements. This reduces the walls' strength and stiffness, resulting in the development of wall piers. In this study, the cyclic behavior of RC shear walls with openings, reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets in various patterns, was numerically investigated. Finite element analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS software was employed. Additionally, the retrofitting of sub-standard buildings (5, 10, and 15-story structures) designed based on the old and new versions of the Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic-Resistant Structures was evaluated. Nonlinear static analyses, specifically pushover analyses, were conducted on the structures. The best pattern of CFRP wrapping was determined and utilized for retrofitting the sub-standard structures. Various structural parameters, such as load-carrying capacity, ductility, stress contours, and tension damage contours, were compared to assess the efficiency of the retrofit solution. The results indicated that the load-carrying capacity of the sub-standard structures was lower than that of standard ones by 57%, 69%, and 67% for 5, 10, and 15-story buildings, respectively. However, the retrofit solution utilizing CFRP showed promising results, enhancing the capacity by 10-25%. The retrofitted structures demonstrated increased yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility through CFRP wrapping and effectively prevented wall slipping.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

Damage on low?rise buildings caused by typhoons and storms is increasing every year. Thus, this study examined the distribution of wind pressure coefficient at each position according to the height of monosloped roof, and measured wind pressure coefficient according to tributary area and compared it with the current wind load standard. We analyzed six areas in order to analyze characteristics at each position of a half span roof, and found that the wind pressure coefficient was around 25% higher at the high comer (HC) than at the low corner (LC). The distribution pattern of peak pressure coefficient at each position was the same as the AIK load standard, but in the results of our experiment, wind pressure was around 40% lower than the load standard at HC and around 37% higher than the load standard at LC.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2000

In this experimental program specimens. designed by the test variables, such as percentage of steel fiber incorporated, were constructed and tested to evaluate the flexural performance of reinforced steel fiber concrete beams. Based on the test results reported in this study, the following conclusions are made. Comparing with the load-displacement relationship of standard specimen, specimen over 0.5% of steel fiber incorporated, could be improved significantly flexural performance, such as capacity, ductility, and crack pattern. As increasing in quantity of steel fiber incorporated(0.5%~2.0%), the flexural strength of each specimen was shown the enhancement of 13%~40% in comparision with the standard specimen BSS.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1379-1383
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• 2005

Introducing the market into the electricity industry lets the multiple participants get into new competition. These multiple participants of the market need new business strategies for providing value added services to customer. Therefore they need the accurate customer information about the electricity demand. Demand characteristic is the most important one for analyzing customer information. In this study load profile data, which can be collected through the Automatic Meter Reading System, are analyzed for getting demand patterns of customer. The load profile data include electricity demand in 15 minutes interval. An algorithm for clustering similar demand patterns is developed using the load profile data. As results of classification, customers are separated into several groups. And the representative curves for the groups are generated. The number of groups is automatically generated. And it depends on the threshold value for distance to separate groups. The demand characteristics of the groups are discussed. Also, the compositions of demand contracts and standard industrial classification in each group are presented. It is expected that the classified curves will be used for tariff design, load forecasting, load management and so on. Also it will be a good infrastructure for making a value added service related to electricity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.2055-2061
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• 2009

There can be some variation in the load carrying capacity of high-tension bolt friction joints when oversize bolt holes are made on the base plate and the cover plate. This study performed a static tensile test in order to examine the variation of slip load and slip coefficient according to standard bolt hole and oversize bolt hole in high-tension bolt friction joints. According to the results of the static tensile test, the slip coefficient changed to some degree according to oversize bolt holes on the base plate and the cover plate, but it was somewhat unreasonable to find a pattern in the change. Sliding strength showed a difference of up to 26% between the use of standard bolt holes and the use of oversize bolt holes. Because this exceeds the design sliding strength, however, its effect on the serviceability of joints under service load is insignificant. Thus, if the regulation on oversize bolt holes, which may be inevitable in making steel members, is applied flexibly, we may improve efficiency and economy in the design and construction of structures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2005

Six RC pier were tested under a constant axial load and a cyclically reversed horizontal load to investigate the performance of RC piers used in the high strength concrete and the high strength rebar. It is designed with a hollow section according to the Korean Bridge Design Standard. The variables of the test were concrete strength, rebar strength, a ratio of lap splice and a ratio of transvere rebar. The test results show that the performance of a RC Pier; failure mode, crack pattern, maximum load and ductility.