• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.302-303
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed the major revision factors and revision contents for 'Construction-Standard-Production-Rate for Construction Works in 2018. Part 16. Pipe Laying Down and Connection" which was revised by the construction expense estimation standard's middle and long-term plans. The main reasons for the revision was analyzed to be unclear construction scope, limitations in applicable pipe material based on the facility type, labor force mainly composed of ordinary workers, limitations of labor force, and incomplete appropriation standard for the tool rent fee and equipment expenses. Through revision of factors, common items were newly established, organization was revised, the labor force was mainly composed of the technicians, and basis for appropriation of equipment expenses was arranged. In addition, through periodic revision, the appropriation standard for bend and special pipes was set. Consequently, more practical construction cost estimate standard is arranged through revision.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2003

This research has designed and implemented the standard conformance test system for e-Business solutions that supports the ebXML, which is currently being focused on as the leading electronic commerce framework. The adoption of standards such as ebXML is probably the best way to achieve interoperability among electronic commerce systems, and more and more e-Business solutions around the world are supporting ebXML. This research primarily discusses the concept and needs for the standard conformance tests on e-Business solutions. The standard conformance test system is developed based on the detailed specifications of the ebXML framework. This system was used to test commercial e-Business solutions supporting ebXML. The system implemented in this research will provide a significant basis for the standard conformance certification of e-Business solutions, and could also provide clear decision criteria for e-Business solutions currently in market, thus activate the overall e-Business market.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.381-390
• /
• 2001

In this paper, a new improved crack analysis technique by Element-Free Galerkin(EFG) method is proposed, in which the singularity and the discontinuity of the crack successfully described by adding enrichment terms containing a singular basis function to the standard EFG approximation and a discontinuity function implemented in constructing the shape function across the crack surface. The standard EFG method requires considerable addition of nodes or modification of the model. In addition, the proposed method significantly decreases the size of system of equation compared to the previous enriched EFG method by using localized enrichment region near the crack tip. Numerical example show the improvement and th effectiveness of the previous method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 1991

This study aims to evaluate the degree of malnutrition of children by three nutritional indicators-Weight for Age, Hight for Age, Weight for Height. The results are as follows; The average height and weight of children are much lower than Korea average height and weight. In terms of Weigh for Age, 20-40% of the samples belongs to below-2 standard deviation from the mean of reference group. 90% of the samples falls into the region below the mean. The standard deviation score indicates negative sign for eighty to ninety percent of the samples. The malnutrition of the samples is also confirmed in terms of Height for Age. In terms of Weight for Height, the mean of the samples is not significantly different from that of the reference group. Tests of the nutritional status under basis of three nutritional indicators show that approximately 50% of the samples had suffered from malnutrition and 17% of the samples have suffered from malnutrition.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.395-413
• /
• 2012

National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) is important standard reference to become the basic data for confirming the effect of the curriculum administrated and the educational policies put in force presently and preparing the new curriculum and educational policies. In this paper, we looked into the mean and standard deviation of the calibrated score of whole group and male/female students, the correct answer ratio of each performance level and the correct answer ratio of each content domain, etc. in the results of NAEA at 6th elementary school. The analytic objects are 2010 and 2011 NAEA that are changed into complete enumeration survey and the standard reference prepared on the basis of the new calibrated score is applied to. And we analysed and compared correct answer ratio of the each content domain and each item to conform the difference between male and female students. On the basis of the these informations, we investigated that here is what kind of characteristics and trends to the whole group and what kind of suggestions to the teaching-learning. And we were going to provide the information of the needs to understand which content of mathematics is needed and which thinking methods are needed.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2011

In order to solve housing shortage, an apartment has been built and supplied in large quantities in Korea. As such a result, the apartment became a typical housing type in Korea. However, the housing became vulnerable to accommodate rapidly changing life-style & life-cycle of koreans and was lost the concept of Korean traditional housing for inheriting and developing Korean traditional culture. Therefore, this paper aims at eliciting of design elements for development on standard model of long-life housing with durability & flexibility based on data derived from housing consumers's questionnaire survey and expert's opinion surveys. We expect that the standard model developed on the basis of open building applying support & infill elements will be used as a standard model for planning future long-life housing with capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2008

In this study we compared corrosion resistance tests which were carried out according to the national technique standard and the UL standard to ensure the reliability of smoke detectors in foul weather. The sensitivity of smoke detectors became so blunt that the least operational smoke concentration was a maximum change of 13% in the national technique standard, while it was a maximum change of 145% in the UL standard. As a result of this study the test method of corrosion resistance was made an objective evaluation in the national technique standard. Therefore it could be said that a basis of developing the test method of corrosion resistance was prepared for our country.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.303-315
• /
• 1997

This appendix deals with the Korean air interface standard, TTA-62, for CDMA Mobile Systems, (CMS) [1]-[2]. The standard has been set up by Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) which is a standardization organization in Korea [3]. This standard is an important specification that should be determined prior to the development of a digital cellular system. The CMS has been developed on the basis of this standard and the papers published in this special issue are the results of the CMS development. This appendix also describes the technical commonality of these papers. It covers the outline of the air interface and protocol specifications. The outline includes its major characteristics, radio protocol architecture, functionalties, and call processing. A comparison is also given between TTA-62 and IS-95[4], a North American digital cellular standard.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2007

An industrial injury prevention has a basis on fundamental spirit of human respect rather than only injury prevention in company. The employer should recognize employee as a core part of an industrial management and use as a starting point of safety and health management rather than means of production. There are many reason for unsafety action without safety operation. The reason is no standard safety operation in company or the workers never get a enough education. Standard safety operation is prepared by paper for accurate directions and orders and operators must read the paper to prevent an error of action. Also an essential particular is safety of equipment and machine must be assumed to establish standard safety operation then safety of operations will be possible.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.38 no.4 s.117
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2006

Formation which is an indicator of nonuniformity in fiber distribution is concerned with small scale variation in roughness, optical properties, print density, and so on. This study evaluated the formation of sheets which were made usning handsheet former and paper-machine with hydraulic headbox. Optical method and ${\beta}-ray$ method were used for formation test. The fiber type, freeness and basis weight of sheet were considered as variables. The formation of handsheet was affected by fiber type and freeness, and floe size distribution was influenced by basis weight. For machine made sheet, its formation seemed to be dependent on the hydraulic forces in headbox and former. When two formation test methods were compared, there was the highest relationship between optical formation index and normalized standard deviation from ${\beta}-ray$ method.