• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

It is an important issue in cost management to contract with the standard of cost estimate by the reasonable way in public construction projects. For the standard of cost estimate based on the Standard Estimating System, there is a difference of labor inputs between Standard Estimating System and actual quantities in construction projects. The duration of form work in multi-family housing depends on the manpower compared with other work, which is the critical path on the schedule management to be decided quality, and is the important to the cost management of construction projects. This study presented a simulation model of the productivity analysis for selecting the standard work type of form work in Multi-family housing construction projects.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.770-779
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• 2019

Video coding technologies are progressively becoming more efficient and complex. The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is a new state-of-the art video compression standard that is going to be a standard, as the next generation of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. To explore the future video coding technologies beyond the HEVC, numerous efficient methods have been adopted by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). Since then, the next generation video coding standard named as VVC and its software model called VVC Test Model (VTM) have emerged. In this paper, several important coding features for motion estimation and motion compensation in the VVC standard is introduced and analyzed in terms of the performance. Improved coding tools introduced for ME and MC in VVC, can achieve much better and good balance between coding efficiency and coding complexity compared with the HEVC.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

CALS is a strategy to share integrated product data through a set of standards to achieve efficiencies in business and operational mission areas. In this research, we first studied current status for CALS standard and then analyzed the case of US DoD. The results can be summarized as implementing for two major standard in defense CALS system. They are STEP and XML. Our recommendations can be used to set direction for CALS standard implementation and standard selection process.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.913-920
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• 2011

Distribution systems for operating the various systems should be operated organically. Distribution systems for organic operations extend the functionality of the system and system integration for the extension is doing. However, in systems integration for each unique non-standard definition of linkage and exchange systems are used. Non-standard definition of a unique linkage and exchange systems in the maintenance and expansion will result in many negative results. To solve these problems, the system and the exchange of information about the links between systems should define standards. IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) power to solve these problems in the field of the Common Information Model (Common Information Model, CIM) standard (IEC61970, IEC61968) is defined as the transmission and distribution system integration and standardization for the exchange of information. In this paper, standardized system for building CIM-based distribution automation system should describe the process of building. In addition, the process of establishing a common information model needed (CIM) defined and associated services for a defined set of models is proposed in the standardization process.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

The Urban Canopy Model (UCM) implemented in WRF model is applied to improve urban meteorological forecast for fine-scale (about 1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations over the city of Seoul. The results of the surface air temperature and wind speed predicted by WRF-UCM model is compared with those of the standard WRF model. The 2-m air temperature and wind speed of the standard WRF are found to be lower than observation, while the nocturnal urban canopy temperature from the WRF-UCM is superior to the surface air temperature from the standard WRF. Although urban canopy temperature (TC) is found to be lower at industrial sites, TC in high-intensity residential areas compares better with surface observation than 2-m temperature. 10-m wind speed is overestimated in urban area, while urban canopy wind (UC) is weaker than observation by the drag effect of the building. The coupled WRF-UCM represents the increase of urban heat from urban effects such as anthropogenic heat and buildings, etc. The study indicates that the WRF-UCM contributes for the improvement of urban weather forecast such nocturnal heat island, especially when an accurate urban information dataset is provided.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1365-1371
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• 2008

Based on the data obtained from field investigation and soil testing to slope hazards occurrence section and non-occurrence section in gneiss area, a prediction technique was developed by the use of a decision tree model. The slope hazards data of Seoul and Kyonggi Province were 104 sections in gneiss area. The number of data applied in developing prediction model was 61 sections except a vacant value. The statistical analyses using the decision tree model were applied to the entrophy index. As the results of analyses, a slope angle, a degree of saturation and an elevation were selected as the classification standard. The prediction model of decision tree using entrophy index is most likely accurate. The classification standard of the selected prediction model is composed of the slope angle, the degree of saturation and the elevation from the first choice stage. The classification standard values of the slope angle, the degree of saturation and elevation are $17.9^{\circ}$, 52.1% and 320m, respectively.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

This paper is on the premise that we need objective and measurable researches on quality evaluation of serious game for users' correct selection of games fitting for their purposes, for development of competitive high-quality game, and for stable growth of game industry. At first, we looked into various characteristics of serious game, read the present situation of game market, and proposed the necessity of quality evaluating model for serious game. To guarantee the objectivity of the proposed models, we compared and analyzed various proposals of standard model on the basis of international standard quality-evaluating model, ISO/IEC 9126 S/W. And so we extracted quality-evaluating items for serious game that composed of 8 evaluating areas and 25 sub-attributes, and presented quality-evaluating indices of each area. The proposed quality-evaluating model was added 2 areas and 8 sub-attributes to the international standard model, and the validity of the extracted items' was verified by expert group's questionnaire. Accordingly, we expect that this paper will increase game users' satisfaction, promote the development of high-quality games, and contribute to continuous growth in serious game market.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.248-262
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• 2004

Turbulence models are separately assessed for a three dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis of the integral reactor SMART. Seven models (mixing length, k-l, standard $k-{\epsilon},\;k-{\epsilon}-f{\mu},\;k-{\epsilon}-v2$, RRSM, and ERRSM) are investigated for flat plate channel flow, rotating channel flow, and square sectioned U-bend duct flow. The results of these models are compared to the DNS data and experiment data. The results are assessed in terms of many aspects such as economical efficiency, accuracy, theorization, and applicability. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model (high Reynolds model), the $k-{\epsilon}-v2$ model, and the ERRSM (low Reynolds models) are selected from the assessment results. The standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model using small grid numbers predicts the channel flow with higher accuracy in comparison with the other eddy viscosity models in the logarithmic layer. The elliptic-relaxation type models, $k-{\epsilon}-v2$, and ERRSM have the advantage of application to complex geometries and show good prediction for near wall flows.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.607-612
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• 2007

Early cost estimation promote efficient budget plan by comparing alternatives and presenting cost information However it is hard to predict accurate cost because of vague cost standard and lack of available information in the early stage. The precious cost model has limitations in the accuracy because they are simple linear model which uses the unit cost per kilometer. This study presents the framework of early cost estimation for road construction projects to overcome the limitation of previous cost model. This study analyzed domestic and foreign cost model and cost data of previous road construction project to present method of cost model framework.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

In order to develop the standard service model of Korea Coast Guard at fishing port, which responses to the demand of users and provides them with the high quality service of maritime administration, the services performed by a branch of KCG are analyzed and the level of familiarity with them are investigated. The degree of affair achievement is quantitatively standardized by assessing the workload of branch office. The standard model of affairs is formatted and the programs of organization, resource operation and education are proposed.