• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2014

There have been many researches for XML as the international standard to store and exchange data on the internet. Among these research fields, we focus on the techniques labeling the nodes of the XML tree that is required for querying the structural information. A labeling scheme assigns the unique label to the nodes and supports the queries for the structural information such as Ancestor-Descendant and Parent-Child relationships. In this paper, we propose a labeling scheme using vector representation where the assigned labels are not altered although XML documents are changed dynamically. Our labeling scheme reduces the storage requirement for the labels of the XML tree and provides the efficient query by using the fixed-length labels with a short size. Result of performance evaluation shows that our labeling scheme is superior to the previous approaches.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of current nutrition labeling on the packaging of the processed foods that provide consumers with a reliable and consistent source of information, which has been considered as a useful aid for food selection and a potent educational tool for nutrition in daily life. The 2,160 processed foods purchased at the supermarket on September, 2002, were divided by food category issued from the 2002 food codes and assessed in the terms of the nutrition composition labeling and nutrition claims. Nutrition composition labeling was found on 356 of the 2160 processed foods items. Milk and dairy products had 49.7％ of nutrition composition labeling, which was the largest number among the food category. Tables were most frequently used as the type of nutrition composition labeling (79.8％). Nutrition composition including many different ways of expression, such as a table of nutrition composition, indication of nutrition composition, analysis table of nutrition composition and comparative table of nutrition composition, made frequent use of nutrition composition labeling titles (78.7％). The various unit of measures were use in the nutrition labeling of the processed foods, per l00g or 100$m\ell$ was the highest (44.6％) under the currently practiced nutrition labeling. The correct labeling standard with nutrient content and ％ RDA except energy, was used on 47.8％ of labels, and those with only liability indication nutrient and liability indication nutrients plus discretion indication nutrients were 25.3 and 22.5％ respectively. The processed foods with nutrition claims were 8.0％ (172 items). Nutrition claims were divided in two ways: nutrient content claims and nutrient comparative claims. The most frequently used claims were contained in the former (44.4％) and more or plus in the latter case (16.3％). Ca was the most popular item as a nutrition claim nutrient (50.6％).

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.982-986
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• 2013

The noise emitted from construction machinery has long been a cause of environmental disputes, especially to the nearby residents. In 2008, the Ministry of Environment adopted the construction machinery noise labeling system to encourage the development of the low noise construction machinery. After the implementation of the noise labeling system of the construction machinery, the noise emitted from the construction machinery has been decreased over the six years. But, as the quality of life improves, a growing number of people desire more comfortable and quite living environment. Under the situation, new systems like the low noise labeling system are considered to encourage the development of the low noise construction machinery. In accordance with the low noise labeling system, the construction machinery satisfying the standard of low noise are qualified to attach the low noise label in front of the products. Thus, the product qualified the low noise certification will be incentivized by the choice of the consumer. In this paper, we have studied the necessity of the low noise labeling system for the construction machinery and the considerations to adopt the low noise labeling system of construction machinery. And we have studied appropriate criterion to judge the low noise construction machinery. The considerations studied in this paper will be helpful to adopt the low noise labeling system of construction machinery in the future.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제34권3_4호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2016

In this paper we introduce a new graph labeling called k-prime cordial labeling. Let G be a (p, q) graph and 2 ≤ p ≤ k. Let f : V (G) → {1, 2, . . . , k} be a map. For each edge uv, assign the label gcd (f(u), f(v)). f is called a k-prime cordial labeling of G if |v_f (i) − v_f (j)| ≤ 1, i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , k} and |e_f (0) − e_f (1)| ≤ 1 where v_f (x) denotes the number of vertices labeled with x, e_f (1) and e_f (0) respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and not labeled with 1. A graph with a k-prime cordial labeling is called a k-prime cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the k-prime cordial labeling behavior of a star and we have proved that every graph is a subgraph of a k-prime cordial graph. Also we investigate the 3-prime cordial labeling behavior of path, cycle, complete graph, wheel, comb and some more standard graphs.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.661-665
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• 2011

This paper presents the method for the extraction of the lungs part from the other parts for the diagnostic of the lungs part. The proposed method is based on the calculation of the connected component and the centroid of the image. Connected Component labeling is used to label the each objects in the binarized image. After the labeling is done, centroid value is calculated for each object. The filing operation is applied which helps to extract the lungs part from the image retaining all the parts of the original lungs image. The whole process is explained in the following steps and experimental results shows it's significant.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.645-651
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• 2005

The construction noise Is one of the main causes of environmental impact. The complaints about it have been increasing every year. In order to reduce construction machinery noise, the product noise labeling for construction machinery has been recommended since 1 February 1996 and In the near future the government will convert the recommended product noise labeling to the mandatory product noise labeling for high noise construction machinery. Therefore, we investigated the noise and vibration level of 302 construction machines in construction work sites. This paper presents the basic data that will be used for setting the standard of construction machinery noise and predicting the noise level near construction work sites in environmental Impact assessment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.548-553
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• 2004

The construction noise has been considered as one of environment pollution and complaints about it have been increasing every year. In order to reduce construction machinery noise, the product noise labeling for construction machinery has been recommended since 1 February 1996 and in the near future the government will convert the recommended product noise labeling to the mandatory product noise labeling fir high noise construction machinery. Therefore, we investigated the noise and vibration level of 302 construction machines and the effect of noise reduction for the soundproof facilities in construction work sites to support the policy of the government. Additionally, we present the basic data that will be used for setting the standard of construction machinery noise and predicting the noise level near construction work sites in environmental impact assessment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.32 No.1 (B)
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• pp.106-108
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• 2005

XML is situating a standard fur data exchange in the Web. Most applications use database to manage XML documents of high-capacity efficiently. Therefore, most applications create label that expresses structure information of XML data and stores with information of XML document. A number of labeling schemes have been designed to label the element nodes such that the relationships between nodes can be easily determined by comparing their labels. With the increased popularity of XML data on the web, finding a labeling scheme that is able to support order-sensitive queries in the presence of dynamic updates becomes urgent. XML documents that most applications use have many properties as their application. So, in the thesis, we present the most efficient updating methods dependent on properties of XML documents in practical application by choosing a representative labeling method and applying these properties. The result of our test is based on XML data management system, so it expect not only used directly in practical application, but a standard to select the most proper methods for environment of application to develop a new exclusive XML database or use XML.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quality of the commercial infant formulas and to seek the solution to the establishment of the standard of nutrient requirements for infant formula in Korea. Nutrition informations were obtained from the labels of nineteen commercial infant formulas manufactured by 3 different companies, and the actual amounts of some nutrients were analyzed and compared to the labeled amounts. In addition, the nutrient composition of the commercial infant formulas was compared to the composition of breast milk, RDA for infants, and Codex standard for infant formula. The kind of minerals, vitamins and special components added to the commercial infant formulas were the major differences among 3 manufacturers. For some nutrients, the analyzed amounts were lower than the labeled amounts. In addition when different batches of the same kind of infant formula were analyzed, the large variations in the amounts of certain nutrients were noted. These data suggest that the nutrition labeling informations need to be validated, and nutrients added to the formulas are to be homogenized thoroughly. In order to solve these problems, therefore, like other countries, we need to establish the standard of nutrient requirements for infant formulas. Considering the available data on breast milk composition, RDA for infants and coordination with the international standard, we suggest the adoption of the Codex standard for infant formula may be the best way to manage the nutrition quality of commercial infant formulas at the present time.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.581-593
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• 2010

This study was performed to find out the correct recognition and stabilization of the food labeling system, and the dietary behavior of college students for processed food as well as their recognition of the food labeling system as observed according to their residence type. A questionnaire was composed with three divisions containing general items, the dietary behavior for processed food and the effectiveness of the nutrition labeling system. The data was analyzed by SPSS WIN 17.0 and the results are as follows; The findings showed differences according to residence type were the intake frequency of processed food, the ways of preservation and the reasons of returning or exchange of the purchased processed food. And there was no difference in the recognition of dietary behavior for processed food and food nutrition labeling system. For overall perception of the dietary behavior and the recognition of the food labeling system, the ratio of college students who considered selection standard related to health when purchasing processed food was low. And the ratio of those who checked the label for milk and dairy products or instant food which is concerned with decomposition was high. On the contrary, the ratio of checking was relatively low for beverages, noodles and cookies. Many answered that the reason for having checked the food label was to find out the safety of the food and that of having read the nutrition label was to control weight and to check the nutrition ingredients. In general, many answered positively for the recognition and the necessity of food labeling system, but the actual practice of selecting and managing processed food was poor.