• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.214-222
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• 1995

Geological events which are undetected by the surface geophysical or geological survey phase can cause many problems, especially when the tunnel is excavated by TBM. To detect the geological events ahead of tunnel face, a seismic method applied from VSP method is used. Generally uniaxial geophone has been used in surface seismic survey. But this time, triaxial geophone is used to reduce the noise of tunnel wave. DME(Dip moveout Enhancement) filter and diffraction stack method are used. Applying these techniques to the road tunnel in construction, it is proved that the geological events ahead of tunnel face is fairly well predicted. From the seismic trace, Vp and Vs which are related to the rock property can be also obtained. Rock property and proper support design can be dedced from these parameters.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

The balcony of our apartment building consists of unique construction similar to double skin. It is announced broadly that double skin is very effective system in improvement of natural ventilation and indoor thermal environment, and outdoor sound protection. So, for the improvement of indoor climate and energy saving, many peoples studied about environmental performance of our balcony construction. This study focus on shaft box facade, special form of box window construction. It consists of a system of box window with continuous vertical shafts that extend over a number of stories to create a stack effect. Proto-type was decided by analyzing various types of exiting apartments. Shaft box type balcony was created by setting up shaft space at a part of balcony. Air flow and contribution of air temperature were simulated, performance of shaft box type balcony was compared with existing balcony. Finally, we confirmed that shaft box type balcony has many possibility for improvement of indoor environment.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2008

The concept of preprocessing is widely used in various computer science area such as compiler and software engineering for the purpose of macro processing and optimization. In addition, preprocessing is also used in SAT solvers in order to eliminate redundant literals and clauses to speed up its solving time before searching the state space. However, there is an unexpected run-time error such as stack-overflow during this step, in case the size of a given set of clauses is huge which impedes SAT solvers. In this case, the preprocessing should be applied at the encoding time to optimize its size. In this paper this idea is applied to several Sudoku problems. As a result, significant improvements are obtained with respect to the number of variables and clauses as well as the solving time compared to the previous works.

• 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국에너지공학회 1994년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.14-16
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• 1994

The development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) with high energy efficiencies and high power densities is gaining momentum because their performance characteristics are attractive for terrestrial(power sources for electrical vehicles, stand-by power), space and underwater application[1]. Fuel cells are capable of running on non-petroleum fuels such as methanol, natural gas or hydrogen and also have major impact on improving air quality. They virtually eliminate particulates, NO$_{x}$, SO$_{x}$, and significant reduce hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Especially, fuel cell-battery hybrid power sources appear to be well suited to overcome both the so-called battery problem(low energy density) and the fuel cell problem(low power density)[2].[2].

• 에너지공학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2012

청정에너지 이용 기술 중 태양 에너지 이용 기술은 태양광 발전이나 태양열 난방 및 급탕 등 여러 분야에서 활용되고 이다. 특히, 획기적인 에너지 변환 방법인 열음향(Thermoacoustic)은 태양열 및 주변의 폐열을 이용하기 때문에 청정에너지 기술로서 주목받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 태양 에너지를 열원으로 하는 열음향 레이저의 개발을 위하여, 열음향파 발생 시스템에 전원을 공급하여 단일 튜브의 기하학적 형상에 따른 음향파의 기본 특성을 측정하였다. 본 연구는 스택의 재질 및 형상과 공명튜브의 내경(20.2 mm)을 고정하고, 스택의 위치와 길이, 공명튜브의 길이, 전원의 크기를 변화시켜 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 공명튜브의 길이가 200 mm, 스택의 길이가 25.6 mm이고, 스택의 위치가 닫힌 면으로부터 5 cm에 위치하였을 때 114.5 dB의 평균음압이 발생하였으며, 공급 전원을 35W로 변화시켰을 때 117.29 dB의 평균음압이 발생하였고, 각각 500 Hz의 주파수가 발생하였다. 또한 공명 튜브의 길이를 150 mm로 하였을 때, 115.7 dB의 평균음압과 630 Hz의 주파수가 나오는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.788-795
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• 2013

표면에 얇은 은(Ag)층이 증착된 마그네슘 분리판을 PEM 연료전지의 그라파이트 분리판의 대체 재질로 검토하였다. $180^{\circ}C$의 온도 환경에서 마그네슘 모재 표면에 $3{\mu}m$의 얇은 은층을 물리적 증착방법(PVD)을 이용하여 증착하였다. 제작된 마그네슘 분리판을 대상으로 PEM 연료전지 스택 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 다수의 실험을 수행하였다. PEM 연료전지의 동작환경과 동일한 pH에서의 부식실험을 통하여 보호막이 형성된 마그네슘 분리판은 부식으로부터 모재를 적절히 보호하였지만 보호막이 형성되지 않은 경우 심각한 부식이 발생됨을 확인하였다. 제작된 마그네슘 분리판의 접촉저항은 $20m{\Omega}-cm^2$이하로 기존의 분리판 대비 우수한 성능을 보였다. 이러한 낮은 접촉저항으로 인하여 전기전도도가 개선되어 연료전지의 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다. 마그네슘 모재의 낮은 밀도와 기계가공의 용이성 때문에 동일한 연료전지 스택의 출력을 기준으로 약 30~40 %의 중량절감이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2012

In most container terminals, containers are piled up and stored in a yard in order to utilize the space efficiently. Hence, it requires unproductive container-handling operations to retrieve a container that is not placed on the top of a container stack. As a result, to streamline container-loading operations by which containers are transferred from a yard to a vessel, it is necessary to pre-marshal (i.e., shuffle in advance) containers in accordance with container-loading plan. We propose $A^*$ algorithm to find the optimal container-relocation sequence for the intra-bay container pre-marshalling problem. To work out the heuristic estimate for the proposed $A^*$ algorithm, we introduce the container rearrangement problem and obtain the lower bound of the length of the optimal relocation sequence. The performance of the algorithm is validated extensively by the numerical experiments on the problem instances that are given in the previous studies and generated randomly with various parameters.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2007

IPv6는 IETF가 IPv4를 대체하기 위해 제안한 프로토콜이며, 기존 IPv4 네트워크와 새롭게 추가되는 IPv6 네트워크 간의 원활한 통신을 위해 다양한 메커니즘이 연구 및 개발되었다. IPv4/IPv6 전환 메커니즘 중 DSTM 터널링 방법은 IPv6 네트워크 내의 듀얼스택 호스트가 동적으로 IPv4 주소를 할당 받아 IPv4 주소만을 가지는 노드와 통신을 할 수 있으며, IPv6 네트워크에서 IPv4 전용 어플리케이션을 수정 없이 사용할 수 있다는 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 DSTM을 이용하는 네트워크에서 발생 가능한 DHCP 공격, TEP 공격, 소스 스푸핑 공격에 대한 보안 취약점들에 대해서 기술하고, 실험을 통하여 이를 확인하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

This study focus on shaft box facade, special form of box window construction. It consists of a system of box window with continuous vertical shafts that extend over a number of stories to create a stack effect. The subject building was decided by analyzing various types of exiting apartments. Shaft box type balcony was devised by setting up shaft space at a part of balcony. Air flow and indoor air temperature were simulated, performance of shaft box type balcony was compared with existing types using VE computer simulation program. Research consequence can be summarized as follow: 1) In the case of existing types, the change of window opening rate has only a little effect on the improvement of indoor temperature. But, air flow rate increased two times in the case that changed opening rate 20% to 40% 2) In the case of existing types, the growth of air flow rate has little effect on the improvement of indoor temperature. But, shaft box type represented the remarkable effect on the improvement of indoor temperature as well as the growth of air flow rate.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.151-155
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• 2002

This paper presents a micro fluxgate magnetic sensor in printed circuit board (PCB). The fluxgate sensor consists of five PCB stack layers including one layer magnetic core and four layers of excitation and pick-up coils. The center layer as a magnetic core is made of a micro patterned amorphous magnetic ribbon with extremely high DC permeability of ∼100,000 and the core has a rectangular-ring shape. The amorphous magnetic core is easily saturated due to the low coercive field and closed magnetic path for the excitation field. Four outer layers as an excitation and pick-up coils have a planar solenoid structure. The chip size of the fabricated sensing element is 7.3${\times}$5.7m㎡. Excellent linear response over the range of -100${\mu}$T to +100${\mu}$T is obtained with 540V/T sensitivity at excitation square wave of 3V$\_$P-P/ and 360kHz. The very low power consumption of ∼8mW was measured. This magnetic sensing element which measures the lower fields than 50${\mu}$T, is very useful for various applications such as: portable navigation systems, military research, medical research, and space research.