• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.394-404
• /
• 2007

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent oral cancer, which is characterized by its high metastasis and recurrent rates and poor prognosis. Taxol is an anticancer agent which is microbial products extracted from jew tree. It combines with the tubulin and induces apoptosis by inhibiting mitosis of cell with microtubule stabilization. Recently, it was reported to be effective in various solid tumors, but only very slight effect has been seen in oral squamous cell carcinomas due to its cell-specific potencies. Cyclosporin A is used as immune suppressant and is being applied in anticancer therapy as its mechanism of induction of change of apoptotic process in various cells have been known. In this study, oral squamous cell carcinoma HN22 cell line was used for in vitro experiment and as for the experimental group taxol and cyclosporin A were applied alone and to observe the synergistic effect of apoptosis, Taxol and cyclosporin A were coadministered with different concentration of taxol for comparison. The results were obtained as follow: 1. There was no difference in Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, 8, 9 mRNA expression when cyclosprin A or taxol was applied alone to HN 22 cell line. 2. Caspase 3, 9 mRNA expression was prominently increased when cyclosprin A and taxol were applied together to cancer cell. 3. No significant difference was observed when cyclosporin A and taxol($1{\mu}g/ml$ and $3{\mu}g/ml$) were applied together to cancer cell line. 4. No significant difference was seen in Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 8 mRNA expression in all the groups of in vitro experiments. 5. When cyclosporin A was applied alone in vivo study on the nude mice, histopathologi cal findings was similar to those of the control group. Oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by inoculation of HN 22 cell line was not reduced after treatment of cyclosporin A. 6. When taxol was applied alone, the islands of squamous cell carcinoma still remained, which meant insignificant healing effect. There was a lesser volume increase compared with the cyclosporin A alone. 7. When taxol and cyclosporin A were applied together, the connective tissue and calcification were seen in the histopathologic findings. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was decreased and cancer cell was disappeared. In observing the tumor mass change with time, there was a gradual decreased size and healing features. As the results of the in vitro experiment, it could conclud that only when the two agents are applied together, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis occurred by considerable increase of caspase 3, 9 mRNA expression, irrespectable of the concentration of taxol. In vivo experiment, there was a discrete synergistic effect when the two agents were applied together. But single use of cyclosporin A was not effective in this study. Based on the results of this experiment, if further clinical studies are done, taxol and cyclosporin A could be effectively used in treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.440-444
• /
• 2005

An increase in the surface area of drugs by reducing particle sizes from microns to nanometers has been known as an efficient method to improve the bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. To prevent drug nanoparticles from aggregation during the processes of drug formulation, a limited number of pharmaceutical inactive ingredients such as hydroxypropyl cellulose has been employed as stabilizers or dispersants. In this study, copolymers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids were synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of their N-carboxyanhydride monomers and evaluated as novel candidates to stabilize the nanoparticles of a water insoluble drug, naproxen. Naproxen nanoparticles stabilized by synthesized amino acid copolymers were successfully prepared in the size of $200\~500nm$ in 60 min by a wet comminution process. Particle size analysis showed that the effective stabilization performance of copolymers required the hydrophobic moiety content to be higher than $10 mol\%$. However, the molecular weight and morphology of copolymers was not the critical parameters in determining the particle size reduction. Their particle size was found to be stable up to 14 days without significant aggregation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.531-537
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Alveolar bone grafting has become an essential process in the treatmemt of alveolar cleft patient for stabilization of the maxillary arch, elimination of oronasal fistula, the reconstruction of the soft tissue nasal base support, and creation of bony support for tooth eruption for implant. The use of Autologous iliac cancellous bone is preferable because of the adequate quantity and high osteoinductive potential. However, even with iliac bone, insufficient osteoregeneration and absorption occur due to several factors such as the patient's age, cleft width, functional stress, and others. In order to increase osteoregeneration where the iliac bone is placed, the present study is associated with bone marrow aspirate (BMA). The experimental study evaluated the efficacy of osteoregeneration in normal cleft rabbits when alveolar bone grafting was performed with autologous iliac corticocancellous bone. Methods: Twenty - four New Zealand White rabbits were divided randomly into 2 groups (BMA, control). All animals underwent harvesting of corticocancellous bone graft from the right posterior iliac crest via standard surgical technique. $1m{\ell}$ of BMA were obtained by scraping the needle and aspirate with $10m{\ell}$ syringe from the contralateral iliac bone wall. The muco - periosteal flap on the palate was elevated. A mixture of Equal bone's volumes with BMA and saline as its control was inserted into the cleft. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks and maxilla was harvested for dental peri - apical X-ray, bone matrix density (BMD),and histologic analysis. Result: BMD of regenerated bone to the cleft in the rabbits was higher than that of the control rabbits. X-ray, histologic analysis showed that increased osteoregeneration and low absorption rate were observed in the BMA group. Conclusion: Our experimental study showed BMA enhanced the osteoregeneration and survival rate of alveolar bone grafting. BMA is easy to extract & cost - time effective. So it can be an effective enhancers for bone grafting mixtures.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2017

Red mud generated in the alumina manufacturing process contains various valuable resources, but it is not comprehensively recycled yet causing severe environmental problems. In Korea, red mud is producing about 200,000 tons annually and most of them are landfilled or disposed. Red mud's recycling technology is also being developed in many countries, but red mud's recycling technologies are still lacking compared to the production rate. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics and the amount of red mud, and the current status and technology development trend. Red mud has shown that recycling studies are being carried out in fields such as construction, recycling, metal recovery, adsorbent, and pollution stabilization. In particular, technologies for recovering rare earths have been developed as worldwide because of their high economic value. The data analyzed in this study will be used as basic data for the further development of technologies in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2011

The present study proposes a new estimation relationship for the transmission rate of the steel breakwater which is expected to make up for the weakness points in existing hard solution for shore protection. The steel breakwater consists of the wave dissipator of the dual horizontal plates, the supporting columns and their foundations, and thus its respective designs should also be conducted one by one. Furthermore, the breakwater has to ensure both functions of shore protection and structure stabilization. The study produced experimental data for the stability and safety investigation of the steel breakwater. The forces acting on the steel breakwater were classified into two categories, one is vertical up and down loads for the pile resistance and the other was maximum difference of the vertical load acting on horizontally different position for the torsion. The study applied the stability force produced by the summation of maximum pressure at each point and the safety force acting on each point simultaneously. The regular wave corresponding to the significant wave was utilized for measuring wave pressure and force. The study showed the method for the proper position of submerged upper plate by considering occurrence frequency of tide level. The design process finally determined by trial and error is proposed in the present study.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.400-404
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study was to analyze change of soil organic matter fraction from a range of livestock manure compost that differed in their total C, N content and C quality, to gain a better understanding of their influence on soil organic matter. The chicken (CHM), pig (PIM), and cow (COM) manure-based composts, and manure-sawdust-based composts (CHMS, PIMS, and COMS) were applied annually to the upland soil with $3Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ during 4 years. After 4 years, the soil carbon content was increased to 25-30 and 40% for manure-based compost and manure-sawdust-based compost compared to control. In the all treatments, the content of light fraction C was sharply increased after second year. The content of light fraction C in the manure-sawdust-based compost was higher than in the manure-based compost. By contrast, the content of heavy fraction C was higher in the manure-based compost than in the manure-sawdust-based compost. These results indicate that stabilization of carbon applied from microbiological process was faster in the manure-based compost than in the manure-sawdust-based compost.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.536-544
• /
• 2021

In the present study, safe management and value improvement of bamboo sunblind, which is an item of cultural heritage, were performed by adopting stable conservation treatment methods. The bamboo sunblind used in the present study was excavated from No. 1 catchment site in Baesanseongji, Busan. It was determined that the main material used to make the sunblind was bamboo, and herbal plants were used to weave the bamboo using lacquer as an adhesive agent. All contaminants and soil adhered to the sunblind was removed. Thereafter, the sunblind, which was recovered in the form of blocks, was washed separately after fixing it to a temporary plaster frame and to avoid the blocks from breaking during washing. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation was utilized for the reinforcement treatment. Based on the preliminary test results, the shape of the sunblind was fixed using a stainless-steel frame to prevent physical damage that may occur during the drying process. Thereafter, the bamboo sunblind was vacuum freeze-dried. PEG 20% (in ethyl alcohol) was applied as a surface treatment agent for stabilization the sunblind. After the surface treatment, the bamboo sunblind were joined together to fit the maximum width, and the rectangular shape of the sunblind was restored-as best as possible-while filling in the missing parts by maximizing the use of unknown members such as in the disturbed layers below bamboo sunblind surface. The conservation treatment was completed by fixing the bamboo sunblind into the fabricated frame.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.434-447
• /
• 2019

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used in cosmetics as a surfactant, detergent and emulsifier. During the manufacturing process, 1,4-dioxane, which is toxic to humans, can be produced as a by-product by dimerization of ethylene oxide. As consumers' interest in cosmetic ingredients has increased, the need for safe emulsion research without PEG ingredients in the personal care market has increased. With increasing consumer interest in cosmetic ingredients, the need for safer emulsion research without the PEG ingredient in the personal care market has increased. In this study, we aimed to develop and stabilize nanoemulsion formulation without PEG. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to develop optimized nanoemulsion formulations. Surfactant content (2~4%), oil content (4~8%) and polyol content (12~24%) were set as independent variables as a result of preliminary experiments for determining independent variables and ranges. The particle size, zeta potential, turbidity, and polydispersity index of the formulation were measured as response variables. As a result of measurement of the prepared nanoemulsion by FIB (Focused ion beam), spherical particles were found to have a size distribution of 100 to 200 nm. The stability of each formulation was evaluated for 30 days at each temperature ($4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$). The optimal formulation considering the optimum particle size, turbidity, polydispersity index and zeta potential was found to be surfactant (2%), oil (8%) and polyol (24%).

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.320-333
• /
• 2019

In this study, a physics-based 3D morphology model for the estimation of an erosion rate of nourished beach is newly proposed. As a hydrodynamic module, IHFOAM toolbox having its roots on the OpenFoam is used. On the other hand, the morphology model comprised a transport equation for suspended sediment, and Exner type equation derived from the viewpoint of sediment budget with the bed load being taken to accounted. In doing so, the incipient motion of sediment is determined based on the Shields Diagram, while the bottom suspended sediment concentration, the bed load transport rate is figured out using the bottom shearing stress directly calculated from the numerically simulated flow field rather than the conventional quadratic law and frictional coefficient. In order to verify the proposed morphology model, we numerically simulate the nonlinear shoaling, breaking over the uniform beach of 1/m slope, and its ensuing morphology change. Numerical results show that the partially skewed, and asymmetric bottom shearing stresses can be successfully simulated. It was shown that sediments suspended and eroded at the foreshore by wave breaking are gradually drifted toward a shore and accumulated in the process of up-rush, which eventually leads to the formation of swash bar. It is also worth mentioning that the breaker bar formed by the sediments dragged by the back-wash flow which commences at the pinnacle of up-rush as the back-wash flow gets weakened due to the increased depth was successfully duplicated in the numerical simulation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.581-587
• /
• 2020

The Many patients who have lumbar instability(LI) could make a different trunk movement pattern by reduction of their respiratory function and altered breathing pattern. This study was conducted to investigate the change in the thoracoabdominal usage rate(TAUR) on three circumference lines(axillary, xiphoid junction, 10th rib) during the resting and forced breathing (RB and FB) after respiratory pattern correction(RPC) exercises in patients with LI. 15 patients in the experimental group performed RPC exercises, and 15 patients in the control group conducted lumbar stabilization exercises. Before the intervention, both groups had a significant difference in the usage rate among the three thoracoabdominal lines during the RB and FB(p<.05). After the intervention, the experimental group was seen no significant difference in the usage rate among the three lines during the RB(p>.05) and exhibited significant differences in the usage rate between the two thoracoabdominal lines during the FB(p<.05). The RPC exercises might improve the trunk movement patterns by restoring the respiratory patterns. We suggest that the RPC can apply in the re-education and reinforcement process at the reha-program for LI patients.