• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1667-1690
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• 2018

We consider the minimum order of a graph G with a given lazy cop number $c_L(G)$. Sullivan, Townsend and Werzanski [7] showed that the minimum order of a connected graph with lazy cop number 3 is 9 and $k_3{\square}k_3$ is the unique graph on nine vertices which requires three lazy cops. They conjectured that for a graph G on n vertices with ${\Delta}(G){\geq}n-k^2$, $c_L(G){\leq}k$. We proved that the conjecture is true for k = 4. Furthermore, we showed that the Petersen graph is the unique connected graph G on 10 vertices with ${\Delta}(G){\leq}3$ having lazy cop number 3 and the minimum order of a connected graph with lazy cop number 4 is 16.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1986

Computer programs for IBM PC/XT/AT or compatibles, are presented for running 9 nonparametric tests. They include sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample and two sample tests, Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficient tests, and Chi square test for contingency table. Each program is written with BASIC language and is combined into a statistical package, 'NONPARA'. It is easily accessible through the menu programs. The alogorithms on which each test is based, are also explained and 3 examples are given.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1999

In this study, stress intensity factors KI, KII, KIII are existing at the same time to a hollow cylindrical bar of three dimension inclination crack. In order to investigate by experimentally the effect of the inclination angle $\psi$ of crack, artificial inclination cracks in the circumferential direction are put in the surface of a hollow cylindrical bar made by the epoxy-resin. Experimentally, stress analysis methods of stress intensity factors were proposed. But, suitable method are the caustic method and the photoelastic stress freezing method. The mixed mode of KI, and KII, were determined by the photoelastic method of the classical approach method and the FORTRAN language program of the used smallest square method.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 2002

From women's magazine published between January to June in 2002. Ywo page spread magazine advertising were selected for this study. From the findings, standard layout of two page spread advertisements in women's magazine Language are enumerated. It is written in Korean or Korean and English in black roman/serifs or square typeface for headline copy written in same typeface. Two to three color are used for typeface in the most ads. The relationship between product life cycle and all research items shows that there is very strong relationship.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 1986

Recently, being due to development of a small microprocessor, microprocessor have found increasing application as a digital controller in the control system. In this paper, authors analyze theoretically the continuous PID controller of a position control system with servomotor, and program the microprocessor as digital PID controller by an assembly language, and search the optimal parameters of the digital PID controller which make the smallest integral square error criterion for a performance criterion, and take experiment the indicial responses with optimal parameter. The results are following. 1) PD- behavior controller was better than P-behavior controller. 2) The smaller the smapling times of P-behavior controller and PD-behavior controller were, the better the indicial responses of the discrete system were. 3) Using a small microprocessor could replace the traditional continuous PID controller for good control.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.575-583
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• 2000

본 논문에서 임의의 데이터가 입력되면 기준 영상 중에서 가장 유사도가 큰 영상을 찾아 국부 승리자로 선택하고, 그 국부 승리자 중에서 전체 승리자를 선택하여 최종 출력값을 얻는 계층적 FGNN(Fuzzy Genetic Neural Network)을 제안하고, 이에 하이브리드 퍼지 소속함수와 유전자 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 하이브리드 퍼지 소속함수는 입력 값을 0~1 사이의 값으로 함으로써 시스템의 속도를 빠르게 하고 유전자 알고리즘을 입력값을 일정한 오차 이내로 하여 최적의 영상을 얻도록 하였다. 위의 계층적 FGNN 알고리즘을 회로 설계 및 검증하였다. 또한 제안한 FGNN을 이용하여 영상에 포함된 잡음을 제거하고, 이와 유사한 구조를 가진 FDNN(Fuzzy Decision Neural Network) 성능보다 FGNN의 성능이 우수함을 여러 가지 영상을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 모의 실험 결과 영상에 대한 평균자승오차(MSE : Mean Square Error)를 비교하였으며, 그 결과 하이브리드 퍼지 함수와 유전자 알고리즘을 적용한 FGNN이 메디안 필터, OC, CO, FDNN 등에 비해 우수함을 확인하였다. FGNN 알고리즘을 Top-Down 방식으로 VHDL(VHSIC Hardware description Language)을 이용하여 코딩(Coding)하고, Synopsys 툴을 이용하여 하드웨어를 설계하였다. 이 알고리즘의 하드웨어는 총 5개의 블록으로 가지고 있고 각각의 블록은 파이프라인 형태로 구성하고, 이는 Synopsys 툴을 이용하여 동작 및 성능을 검증하였다.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

In Hangeul, the graphemes of syllables are organized in horizontal, vertical and mixed (both horizontal & vertical) orientations, and the graphemic position of consonant(s) and vowel(s) within a each syllable needs to be maintained within a square pattern. We investigated the characteristics of writing errors of 9 stroke patients with right hemisphere (RH) lesions and compared it to the performances of 15 normal subjects. The subjects were asked to write to dictation of 90 Korean syllables. One of the interesting findings was that our patients manifested visuospatial errors which are not commonly observed in other language-speaking (e.g., English) patients due to the unique syllabic organizations of Korean writing system. The prominent errors in the RH group could be explained by the impaired RH which normally controls the visuospatial functions.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.864-873
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• 2002

Recently, CFT Column has reported a lot of study result, because a CFT column has certain superior structural properties as well as good productivity, execution efficiency, and improved rigidity over existing column. However, CFT column still has problems clearing the capacity evaluation between its steel tube member and high-strength concrete materials. Also, high-strength concrete filled steel square tube column(HCFT) examined numerical value explanatorily about transformation performance(M-ø) of when short-column receives equal flexure-moment from axial stress on research for concrete. hnd, with basis assumption, executed development of analysis program of moment-curvature relation for analytic analysis of transformation performance of HCFT section that get by an experiment. This study investigated to properties of structural(capacity, curvature), through a series of experiments for HCFT with key parameters, such as strength of concrete(600kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$), D/t ratio, slenderness ratio(λ) and concrete kinds under eccentric load. And, I executed comparative analysis with AISC-LRFD, AIJ and Takanori Sato etc. and experiment result that is capacity design formula.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.225-232
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• 2016

This paper aimed to study on the relevance of mental health and oral health. The subjects were recruited total 3,261 elderly of over 40 years old, using the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES). All the collected data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression using SPSS 23.0 version. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship of sleeping time or stress and the number of remaining teeth, and 95% confidence intervals were computed. Sleeping time odds ratio(OR) of the number of remaining teeth was 1.52 (95% confidence interval: 1.074-2.135) and Stress odds ratio(OR) was 2.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.855-3.090), but there is no statistically significant difference after adjusted age, gender and other variables.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

This research examines the power of bootstrap two-sample test, and compares it with the powers of two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, through simulation. For simulation work, a positively skewed and heavy tailed distribution was selected as a population distribution, the chi-square distributions with three degrees of freedom, χ²₃. For two independent samples, the fist sample was selected from χ²₃. The second sample was selected independently from the same χ²₃ as the first sample, and calculated d+ax for each sampled value x, a randomly selected value from χ²₃. The d in d+ax has from 0 to 5 by 0.5 interval, and the a has from 1.0 to 1.5 by 0.1 interval. The powers of three methods were evaluated for the sample sizes 10,20,30,40,50. The null hypothesis was the two population medians being equal for Bootstrap two-sample test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the two population means being equal for the two-sample t-test. The powers were obtained using r program language; wilcox.test() in r base package for Wilcoxon rank sum test, t.test() in r base package for the two-sample t-test, boot.two.bca() in r wBoot pacakge for the bootstrap two-sample test. Simulation results show that the power of Wilcoxon rank sum test is the best for all 330 (n,a,d) combinations and the power of two-sample t-test comes next, and the power of bootstrap two-sample comes last. As the results, it can be recommended to use the classic inference methods if there are widely accepted and used methods, in terms of time, costs, sometimes power.