• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2021

This study assessed the preparation and quality characteristics of cookies prepared from Taraxacum coreamm powder (TCP) (0, 2, 4, 6, 8%) substituting wheat flour. The pH of the cookie dough significantly decreased with increasing TCP. However the density of the cookie dough was not significantly different among the test groups. The baking loss rate of the groups with TCP was slightly lower, whereas the moisture content was higher than the control group. The spread factor of the cookies decreased significantly with increasing TCP. The hardness of the cookies increased as TCP increased. In Hunter's color value, the L and a value of the cookies decreased with increasing TCP, while the b value increased. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the cookies significantly increased with increasing TCP. Based on the above results, this study suggested that TCP can be a good ingredient to increase the functionality of cookies.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.269-274
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• 2016

This paper aims to suggest the water curtain installation guideline for prevention of fire spread. The water curtain systems play a role in preventing fire spread which is caused by fire flames and radiation heat release from a fire source. The radiation attenuation ratio is affected by the water droplet size, vertical distance from the nozzle and flow rate. This study suggests the water curtain installation guideline as follows : (1) Investigation of a reference store array (2) Calculation of the number of drencher heads (3) Review of the relationship between droplet size and attenuation factor depending on the height of the drencher head (4) Review of a drencher head array and spray overlapping. The reference traditional market in which a fire compartment is installed using a water curtain can be predicted to have a radiation attenuation ratio of 50%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.197-200
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• 2001

Recently, Switching time is the principal factor in a design of frerquency synthesizer for Spread-Spectrum Communications. fast switching frequency synthesizer is important to improve the channel efficiency in a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SS) tranceiver. In this paper, we design the frequency synthesizer with fast switching time as fast as 1${\mu}\textrm{s}$. In frequency synthesizer design, we use the interpolated PLL method inserted memory Look-up table of DDS to reduce switching time, and have result of improved channel efficiency about 20% by applying to FH-SS Transceiver.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2014

Precision control of the slab is crucial for product quality and production economy in hot strip mills. The current study presents a new model for predicting width spread of a slab with a rectangular cross section during roughing. The model is developed on the basis of the extremum principle for a rigid plastic material and a three dimensional admissible velocity field. This model incorporates the effect of process variables such as the shape factor and the ratio of width to thickness. We compare the results of this model to 3-D finite element (FE) process simulations and also to results from a previous study.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

In this paper, delay diffusion for exhibition hall and conference room was measured and analyzed in the indoor environment of the building. Scenarios for the indoor environment of the two buildings were written. also, the system configuration and measurement methods were conducted under the same conditions. The measurement conditions were set to 3 GHz and 6 GHz of center frequencies and analysis band selected 2 GHz. The measurement system consisted of vector network analyzer, power amplifier, omni-directional transmit and receive antenna, and transmission line. According to the indoor environment scenario of the two buildings, the location of the receiving antenna was divided into three zones based on the location of the transmitting antenna and this was measured at 1 m intervals according to 18 locations. The power delay profiles, RMS delay spread, and K-factor results of two buildings were compared and analyzed.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Effect of baking on the physicochemical properties including pH, moisture content, hardness, color, and spread factor was investigated using a model system of cookies incorporated with strawberry powder as a value-added food ingredient. Strawberry powder was incorporated into cookie dough at 4 levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% w/w) by replacing equivalent amount of wheat flour of the cookie dough. After aging and sheeting, cookies were baked at 170$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min in an oven. The baked cookies were cooled to room temperature for 1 hr and packed in airtight bags prior to all measurements. The pH of dough and hardness of cookies decreased significantly with increase in strawberry powder content (p<0.05). Moisture content of the dough was not significantly affected by strawberry powder but mean values tended to increase as the strawberry powder content increased. Lightness (L$^{*}$-value) and yellowness (b$^{*}$-value) significantly decreased as the strawberry powder content increased; on the other hand, redness (a$^{*}$-value) increased significantly (p<0.05). Spread factor also increased significantly as the strawberry content increased in the formulation (p<0.05). Finally, correlation analysis indicated that level of strawberry powder incorporation was well-correlated with all the physicochemical properties studied. It is also noted that there was a significant positive correlation between the moisture content of dough and spread factor (p<0.05).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2022

Background: Spread through air spaces (STAS) has recently emerged as a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma, but little is known about the association of STAS and its grade with recurrence in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study investigated the prognostic effect of STAS grade in NETs after curative resection. Methods: Seventy-seven patients were retrospectively reviewed, including 9 with typical carcinoid (TC), 6 with atypical carcinoid (AC), 26 with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and 36 with small cell carcinoma (SCC). STAS was defined as the presence of floating tumor cells within air spaces in the lung parenchyma beyond the edge of the main tumor. STAS was classified as grade 1 or 2 depending on whether it was found within or beyond one ×10 objective lens field away from the main tumor margin, respectively. Results: Fifty-four patients (70%) had STAS, including 22% with TC, 50% with AC, 69% with LCNEC, and 86% with SCC. Patients with STAS had more nodal metastasis, lymphatic and vascular invasion, tumor necrosis, and tumor subtypes other than TC. Among STAS cases, grade 2 STAS was present in 33% of AC, 78% of LCNEC, and 87% of SCC. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was 81%, 63%, and 35% in patients with no STAS, grade 1, and grade 2 STAS, respectively. Multivariate analysis found that grade 2 STAS was an independent negative prognostic factor for RFS. Conclusion: Although STAS itself was not associated with a poor prognosis, grade 2 STAS was an independent negative prognostic factor for RFS.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.3454-3462
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• 1996

Compared to a full three dimensional FEM, the Slab-FEM hybrid method reduces the required computation time distinctly and it can be applied to the analysis of a shape rolling process. However, the method is somewhat approximate and predictions by the method contain certain inaccuracies. In the present investigation a parameter called T-factor was introduced to compensate the inaccuracies of the method and proper values of the parameter were estimated for different widths of bars and reduction ratios. Then, the method was applied to analyze cold and hot rollings of rectangular bars and predicted results were compared to those of experiments. Nonuniform distributions of temperature in the bars were predicted by utilizing the temperature equation obtained for a semi-infinite solid under radiation and convection boundary conditions. It was found out that accuracies of spread and roll separating force predictions could be enhanced by using proper values of the T-factor.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.191-204
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• 2010

There is a well-defined propagation model, named the random constant spread (RCS) model, which explains worms that spread their clones with a random scanning strategy. This model uses the number of infected hosts in a domain as a factor in the worms' propagation. However, there are difficulties in explaining the characteristics of new Internet worms because they have several considerable new features: the denial of service by network saturation, the utilization of a faster scanning strategy, a smaller size in the worm's propagation packet, and to cause maximum damage before human-mediated responses are possible. Therefore, more effective factors are required instead of the number of infected hosts. In this paper, the network bandwidth usage rate is found to be an effective factor that explains the propagations of the new Internet worms with the random scanning strategy. The analysis and simulation results are presented using this factor. The simulation results show that the scan rate is more sensitive than the propagation packet for detecting worms' propagations.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

In the present study, spread-recoil behavior of a drop of shear-thinning liquid (xanthan solution) on a dry wall (polished stainless-steel plate) was examined and compared with that of Newtonian liquid (glycerin solution). Nine different kinds of xanthan and glycerin solutions were tested, including three pairs of xanthan and glycerin solutions, each having the same viscosity in low shear rate region ($10^{-2}-10^0\;l/s$). The drop behavior was visualized and recorded using a CCD camera. The maximum diameter and the spreading velocity of the xanthan drops turned out to be significantly larger and the time to reach their final shape was much shorter compared to the cases with the glycerin solutions, due to the smaller viscous dissipation resulted from lower viscosity in the higher shear rate region (>$10^0\;l/s$). As a result, the maximum diameters were measured to be larger than the predicted values based on the model proposed for Newtonian liquids, and the deviation was more pronounced with the solution with the larger viscosity variation. Consequently, viscosity variation with the shear rate was found to be a dominant factor governing the spread-recoil behavior of shear-thinning drops.