• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2012

SD-rat에 대조구(Control), 고 콜레스테롤(HC), 3.5% 펙틴-가수분해 효소(Viscozyme L)로 처리된 토마토 케이크(ETC)를 각각 4주 간 급이하였다. 첫 일주일에는 HC-급이군의 체증 증가가 151.7%로 유의적 증가를 보였지만(p<0.05), ETC-급이군의 경우는 115.4%를 보였다. Control- 및 ETC-급이군의 사료 효율은 각각 $0.236{\pm}0.041$ 및 $0.447{\pm}0.030$으로 HC-급이군의 경우($0.355{\pm}0.034$)에 비하여 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). ETC-급이군의 신장 및 부고환의 지방체는 각각 0.303 및 0.274 g 씩 감소하였다. HC-와 ETC-급이군 간의 혈청 콜레스테롤, 트리글리세라이드, HDL- 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 수치의 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. ETC-급이군의 경우 2주 급이시 ABTS radicals로 평가한 총 항산화 활성은 약 1.1배 높았으며, 2 및 4주간 급이시 glutathione peroxidase 활성은 각각 2.5 및 1.3배 높게 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1460-1467
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• 2023

A robust approach was conducted to determining the absolute oral bioavailable (f_ab) fractions of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th in rats exposed to contaminated soil along with their hematotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The soil sample is the International Atomic Energy Agency-312 (IAEA-312) certified reference material, whereas blood, bones, and kidneys of in vivo female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats estimate ²³⁸U- and ²³²Th-f_ab fractions post-exposure. We predict the bioavailable concentration (C_ab) and f_ab values of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th after acute soil ingestion. The blood ²³⁸U (0.750%) and ²³²Th (0.028%) reach their maximum f_ab values after 48 h. The ²³⁸U (f_ab: 0.169-0.652%) accumulates mostly in the kidney, whereas the ²³²Th (f_ab: 0.004-0.021%) accumulates primarily in the bone. Additionally, ²³⁸U is more bioavailable than ²³²Th. Post 48 h acute ingestion demonstrates noticeable histopathological and hematological alterations, implying that intake of ²³⁸U in co-contaminated soil can lead to erythrocytes and proximal tubules damage, whereas, ²³²Th intake can harm erythrocytes. Our study provides new directions for future research into the health implications of acute oral exposures to ²³⁸U and ²³²Th in co-contaminated soils. The findings offer significant insight into the utilization of in vivo SD rat testing to estimate ²³⁸U and ²³²Th bioavailability and toxicity in exposure assessment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.231-246
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 MIA로 골관절염을 유도한 SD 흰쥐에서 인도산 보스웰리아 검레진을 주정 추출 후, 헥산으로 지방 제거 공정을 추가하여 제조한 보스웰리아 검레진 추출물인 FJH-UBS의 항골관절염 효능을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. FJH-UBS는 40 또는 80 mg/kg BW/day 용량으로 5주간 경구투여하였고, FJH-UBS를 2주간 투여 후 MIA (3 mg/50 µL/rat)를 무릎 관절강 내에 주사하여 골관절염을 유도하였다. MIA 유도 골관절염 동물모델에서 FJH-UBS는 무릎 관절의 부종을 감소시키고 연골의 분해를 억제하였으며, 연골 내 type II collagen과 aggrecan 발현을 증가시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 혈청 내 PGE2, LTB4, IL-1β, 및 IL-6 함량을 감소시켰고, MMP-13 함량을 감소시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 연골 활막 내 iNOS, COX-2, 5-LOX, IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α 발현을 감소시켰고, MMP-2, MMP-9 및 MMP-13 발현을 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 FJH-UBS가 염증매개물질과 염증성 cytokine의 발현감소를 통해 염증 반응을 억제하고, MMPs의 발현을 억제하여 연골 기질의 분해를 억제함으로서 항골관절염 효능을 나타냄을 의미하며 이는 관절 및 연골 건강 개선 기능성 원료로 FJH-UBS의 활용 가능성을 제시한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2012

Objectives : To provide information on the safety of ACM, we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of ACM in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : Female and male rats were treated with ACM with oral doses of 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg. The ACM was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. Moreover, the rats were monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results : We found no mortality and no abnormalities in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions : The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2014

Background Burn infliction techniques are poorly described in rat models. An accurate study can only be achieved with wounds that are uniform in size and depth. We describe a simple reproducible method for creating consistent burn wounds in rats. Methods Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum shaved. A 100 g cylindrical stainless-steel rod (1 cm diameter) was heated to $100^{\circ}C$ in boiling water. Temperature was monitored using a thermocouple. We performed two consecutive toe-pinch tests on different limbs to assess the depth of sedation. Burn infliction was limited to the loin. The skin was pulled upwards, away from the underlying viscera, creating a flat surface. The rod rested on its own weight for 5, 10, and 20 seconds at three different sites on each rat. Wounds were evaluated for size, morphology and depth. Results Average wound size was $0.9957cm^2$ (standard deviation [SD] 0.1845) (n=30). Wounds created with duration of 5 seconds were pale, with an indistinct margin of erythema. Wounds of 10 and 20 seconds were well-defined, uniformly brown with a rim of erythema. Average depths of tissue damage were 1.30 mm (SD 0.424), 2.35 mm (SD 0.071), and 2.60 mm (SD 0.283) for duration of 5, 10, 20 seconds respectively. Burn duration of 5 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage. Burn duration of 10 seconds and 20 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage, involving subjacent skeletal muscle. Conclusions This is a simple reproducible method for creating burn wounds consistent in size and depth in a rat burn model.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

We have examined the purgative effect of three Jechun-jun formulas in sprague dawley(SD) rat. Three jechun-jun formulas were Jechun-jun(Sample I ) and augmented Jechun-jun(Sample II) and augmented Jechun-jun add rhubarb(sample III ). We examined the amount and the humidity of feces in rat. The experimental animals were devided into four groups. as control group and three Jechun-jun (sample I, II, III). We administerd the water extract of sample I, II, III to rat per oral for 8days long. After every 24hours measured the amount of wet feces from rats in metabolic cage. Humidity rate of feces from rat was at first measure wet feces for 24hours (W) and measure dried feces (W1) and then we consider W-W1 as humidity. High humidity rate means constipation changes into moistening stool. The amount of wet feces and humidity rate of feces in rats were increased in sample I, II, III. Sample I has highest humidity rate of feces. so showed strong moistening effect. Sample II has mild effect in treating constipation. sample III has most amount of wet feces. in conclusion Jechun-jun has an effect of moistening stool. and augmented Jechun-jun add rhubarb has strong purgative effect.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2012

Objectives : The oriental medicine Jangwonhwan, a boiled extract of 12 medicinal herbs/mushrooms, has been prescribed to patients with cognitive dysfunction, as originally described in the Korean medical text, DonguiBogam(amnesia chapter). Recently, a modified formula of Jangwonhwan (LMK02-Jangwonhwan) consisting of seven medicinal plants/mushrooms, was shown to reduce the ${\beta}$-amyloid deposition in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. The toxicity of LMK02-Jangwonhwan was investigated in SD rats, by a daily oral administration for 13 weeks and NOAEL(No observed adverse effect dose), a definite toxic dose and target organ, as well. Methods : Quality control of the tablet form of LMK02-Jangwonhwan was established by estimating the indicative components, Ginsenoside Rg3 of Red Ginseng and Decursin of Angelicagigas Nakai. The toxicity of LMK02-Jangwonhwan was investigated in 6 week old, specific pathogen free (SPF), Sprageu-Dawley rats by oral administration. Each test group consisted of 10 male and 10 female rats. The groups received doses of 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg/day of test substance for 13 weeks. The clinical signs, death rate, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemistry, organ weight and pathological changes were examined and compared with those of the control group. Results : The 13-week repeated oral treatment doses didn't result in any specific symptoms or death. There were no significant changes in the rat's weight and food consumption. Further, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematological, serum biochemistry test and organ weight revealed no significant differences. Conclusions : The no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) of LMK02 for male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was determined as 2,000mg/kg/day and the target organ wasn't confirmed. Because no significant adverse effects were observed, the target organ could not be determined.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate 4 weeks DRF (Dose Rate Finding) and single oral dose toxicity of ChondroT in rats. Methods In 4-week DRF, male and female Sprague-Dawely rats were treated with ChondroT at oral dose of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg. clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, necropsy findings, organ weight, hematological and blood-chemical parameters, and histological findings were monitored for 4 weeks. Also, after single oral administration of ChondroT, mortality, clinical signs, body weight, and necropsy findings were minitored for 2 weeks. Results In 4-week DRF and single dose oral toxicity study of ChondroT in sprague-Dawley rats, ChondroT did not exhibit any toxicity under the study conditions employed. Conclusions The results suggested a no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was over 2,000 mg/kg/day in SD rats after oral administration, this study could be used as basic study of the repeated dose 13-week oral toxicity study of ChondroT.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives: In this study, it was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Root of Polygala teunifolia Willd. in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Male and female rats were administered orally with Root of Polygala teunifolia Willd. water extract of 1,000 mg/kg (low dosage group), 2,000 mg/kg (middle dosage group) and 4,000 mg/kg (high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. After 7 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results: No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. But we found out histopathological changes in liver fat tissues of female. In addition, there were no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight. Conclusions: These results suggest that water soluble extract of Root of Polygala teunifolia Willd. has not acute oral toxicity and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 4,000 mg/kg in SD rats.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2006

Purposes: This experimental study was designed to verify the effect of inhalation of essential oils on body weight, feed intake, food efficiency rate and serum leptin. Methods: The subjects of this study were 90 growing SD rats(46 males and 44 females). They were allocated into one of four groups, the Fennel group, Patchouli group, Bergamot group and control group. The experimental treatment was the inhalation of aromatherapy essential oils which was applied two times a day for 10 minutes each during 8 weeks. To evaluate the effects, body weight, feed intake, food efficiency rate and serum leptin were measured before and after the treatment. The collected data was analyzed by repeated measures of Kolmogorov-smirnov test and Normal Q-Q plot for nomality, Kruskal Wallis test and $X^2-test$ for experimental effects with the SPSS program. Results: The food efficiency rate was significantly lower in the Patchouli group and Fennel group than in the Bergamot group and control group(P=.000). No significant group effects were found for SD rat's body weight, feeding amount and serum leptin. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings indicate that the inhalation of essential oils could be effective in lowering the food efficiency rate rather than the feed intake.