• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

This study is to examine the current situation of Korean sports culture and seek its pointing spot and alternatives to its advancement. First, out of the current situation of Korean sports culture, that of school physical education, even though it is the most significant basis for sports culture, is riddled with so many contradictions that the pace of its change is very slow. Only when the elite sport is normally operated and well coordinated, can it have the value of existence as a stable field. The mass sports have been determined to have insufficient self-reliance of sport facilities, sport programs and instructor management since the national policy for physical education has been focused on the elite sports. Second, internalization of "Winning First Policy" as a pointing spot of sports culture has been found to be an production of the value system with not only a very passive tendency caused by political changes. Accordingly, the concept of sports-culturism has been introduced as a new pointing spot of sports culture and then it has been emphasized that the sports-culturism is the awareness of sports advancement. Third, in terms of finding any alternatives to sports culture, enacting a school physical education promotion law has a very significant meaning as its advancement method. Next, the immorality of and match-fixing by sport organizations and the umpire's bad call have been mentioned as major problems to the elite sport, and also the alternative to each field has been set. Last, it has been assented with emphasis that Law of Sports for All should be enacted for the public sports to have any significance of the times.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2003

In this research was to analyze 3-D kinematics variables for handspring of basic motion in the heavy gymnastics in order to investigate kinematical difference between expert and novice. Therefore, the purpose of this research was provide quantitative information, systematic provision, rules, establishment of basic skill for improving skill and teaching athletes. And in the research, results were as followings. 1. In the time variables, total time was that expert took 0.745sec and novice took 0.829sec, and as duration time of each event, expert was faster than novice in the all motion event except till second event of the preparation motion. 2. In the center of body variables, vertical direction variables, the displacement of body center hight was that expert showed 61.26% and novice showed 54.48% in the third event of all motion, also all event were showed expert was higher displacement than novice except first of event in preparatory stage. 3. In the angle displacement of main joint, the right direction was that expert showed 154.12degree and novice showed 174.85degree and the left direction was that expert showed 159.29degree and novice showed 171.46degree In the second event of main joint curved point at the same time hand was reached floor. In the angle displacement of knee joint in the third event of all motion, expert showed 155.25degree and novice showed 154.00degree In right, and expert showed 155.24degree and novice showed 154.55degree in left. In this result, both were same motion type. In the angle displacement of hip joint in the third event of the all motion, expert showed 142.80degree and novice showed 134.17degree in right, and expert showed 140.28degree and novice showed 144.94degree in left. In this result, motion pattern of expert was same both sides, but novice was different. According to the results, to increase efficiency of motion and aesthetic effect in the all motion, it should stretch displacement and height of body center and make similarly angle of right and left joint.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of high-heels (HH) modification on metatarsal stress in female workers. Method: Seven females who work in clothing stores ($heights=160.4{\pm}3.9cm$; $weights=47.4{\pm}4.1kg$; $age=31.3{\pm}11.1yrs$; $HH\;wear\;career=8{\pm}6.5yrs$) wore two types of HH (original and modified). The modified HH had been grooved with 1.5 cm radius and 0.2 cm depth around the first metatarsal area inside of the shoes using the modified shoe-last. Participants were asked to walk for 15 minutes on a treadmill and to stand for 10 minutes with original and modified HH, respectively. Kinetics data were collected by the F-scan in-shoe system. After each test, participants were asked to rate their perceived exertion using the Borg's 15-grade RPE scale and interviewed about their feeling of HH. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size (Cohen's d) were used to determine the difference of the variables of interest between the original and modified HH. Results: In the present study, modified HH of the peak contact pressure of 1st metatarsal (PCP) left, PCP right, pressure time integral (PTI) left, peak pressure gradient (PPG) left during standing and PPG right during walking are greater than original HH. And even it didn't show statistically significant, the average in all pressure values of modified HH showed bigger than original HH. It surmised to be related to awkward with modified HH. Even though they said to feel the comfortable cause of big space inside of HH in the interview, they seemed to be not enough time to adapt with new HH. So their walking and standing postures were unstable. Conclusion: Modified the fore-medial part of HH can reduce the stress in the first metatarsal head and big toe area during standing and walking.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.10-16
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• 2021

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to (i) assess hydration levels in elite male football players during a national team training camp before and during qualifying matches, (ii) evaluate the effect of coaching strategies for hydration based on feedback from hydration monitoring, and (iii) assess possible relationships between hydration status and training load or wellness markers. [Methods] Thirty-one male players (age 27±4 yrs; height 185±6 cm; weight 82.9±6.7 kg; body fat 10.4±2.3%) representing a national team from the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) participated. The players were studied during three different national team training camps related to the UEFA Nations League tournament. Urine specific gravity (U_SG) was measured to assess hydration status. During all camps, the players were actively coached on improving strategies for hydration and given individual feedback on their test results. The training load was measured using GPS technology, and wellness questionnaires were completed. [Results] U_SG decreased progressively and significantly (p<0.005) during camp 1 and hydration status improved over the three camps, with fewer dehydrated and more well-hydrated players identified during the last part of camp 3. Significantly (p<0.05) higher U_SG values were observed 2 days prior to a match (MD-2) than on match day (MD); consequently, 52% of the players were dehydrated on MD-2 and only 6% on MD. No correlations were observed between hydration status and training load or wellness markers. [Conclusion] Dehydration is a challenge in elite male football, but continuous monitoring of hydration status and coaching on hydration strategies can lead to major improvements and reduce the degree of dehydration.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze a change of maximal grip forces and EMG of agonists in upper extremity of 8 professional Ssirum players according to Satbar-grip patterns, to elucidate prime agonist muscles, contribution rate of each muscle, and a difference on EMG in upper extremity. one-way ANOVA(RM) performed for average and maximal values of each player after standardization and statistical significance was set as p<.05. The result includes the following: the highest grip force was A type with a statistic significance using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's comparison between A and C type. In summary the highest grip force was exerted on extension in the wrist than flexion in all grip types. Average and maximal values of biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles were statistically significant and ones of flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor capi ulnaris were not.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.324-332
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• 2018

A mouthguard is a protective device normally worn on the upper jaw, to reduce injures to the teeth, jaws and surrounding soft tissues. It has a definite role in preventing injuries to the teeth and face and for this reason it is strongly recommended for all sporting activities where there is a risk of trauma to the teeth and associated structures. Mouthguards can be effective in reducing impact force to the teeth, and attributed to enhancement of postural control and muscle performance during teeth clenching. Although there is evidence that mouthguards reducing impact force to the teeth, and prevent orofacial trauma occurrence during sport practice, the influence of this device on athletic performance has not been systematically quantified. Nevertheless, wearing a dentally fitted laminated mouthguard of at least 3 mm thickness can be strongly recommended during sport practice.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2012

This study, through biomechanical analysis, conducts a risk assessment of injury occurrence in ballet dancers while they perform running and jumping movements. The participants were nine female collegiate students majoring in ballet(age: $20.89{\pm}1.17years$; height: $160.89{\pm}7.01cm$; mass: $48.89{\pm}3.26$). Descriptive data were expressed as $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation(SD) for all variables. An independent t-test was conducted to determine how the following variables differed: duration time, position of the center of gravity, angle of the hip, torque of the hip, and muscle activity. All comparisons were made at the p<0.05 significance level. The results show that the jump time was two times longer than the run time in the duration time. The jump length was also longer than the run. The angle of the hip and the torque at the hip were higher in the right. The vastus medialis muscle was most frequently used. These findings demonstrate that participants' jumps may require more biomechanical variables for performance of better and more correct $jet{\acute{e}}$.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics variables of during forehand stroke by stance patterns. Eight high school tennis players were chosen for the study, who have never been injured for last six months, in Busan. They performed horizontal swing and vertical swing that it was done each five consecutive trial in the condition of square, open and semi-open stance. It was filmed by 6 video camera and used with 3-dimensional motion analyzer system. The following kinematic variables were analyzed in relation to angle of segment( shoulder, hip and knee joint). The conclusion were as follow: 1. The angle of hip joint represented at impact that horizontal swing was not significant difference by stance patterns but vertical swing was increased in open stance than square and semi-open stance. 2. The angle of both knee was not significant difference between all stance types and swing patterns. 3. The angle of shoulder, hip and knee joint rotation showed that open stance was increased than square and semi-open stance in all swing types and event.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was (a)to compare electromyographic (EMG) activities and physiological variables on the development of fatigue induced by ergometer test, (b)to determine investigate the differences in the stage of fatigue between the electromyographic characteristics and physiological variables. Nine male university students who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited as the subjects. The electromyographic characteristics(peak IEMG, average IEMG, median frequency, mean edge frequency) and physiological variables(HR, RPE, blood lactate) were determined for each stage(15, 30, 45, 60 minutes, all out). For each dependent variable, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures and correlation analysis were performed to test if significant difference existed(p<.05). The results showed that peak IEMG, average IEMG from low extremity and physiological variables were significantly increased during the all-out stage. EMG parameters in VL, VM show significantly correlation with physiological variables during whole stages. This indicated that IEMG values may be proper parameters to determine muscle fatigue rather than physiological variables.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate relationships and gender differences in dietary supplement (DS) and oriental supplement (OS) prevalence as well as anti-doping awareness during training and the game period. Korea National Sport University athletes (343 male and 136 female) participated in this study and completed DS and OS practice and anti-doping awareness questionnaires. Forty-six percent of athletes used DS during the training period, and there was significantly higher DS use in females (53%) compared to males (43%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of athletes used OS, and there was significantly higher OS use in females (35%) than males (26%) (P < 0.05) during the training period. The primary reason of DS use was to supply energy both in males (36%) and females (28%). The main reason for male athletes' OS use was to supply energy (41 %). Meanwhile, the reasons for female athletes' OS use were to supply energy (23%), to maintain health (19%), and to improve recovery ability (20%), which showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). Athletes rated their perceived degree of satisfaction, perceived importance, and beliefs in efficacy of DS and OS use all over 50% during the training period, and no gender differences were detected. In a comparison between athletes educated about anti-doping (at least more than one time) and non-received athletes, DS and OS use during the training period was 2.30 (1.47-3.60) and 1.71 (1.03-2.82), respectively. DS and OS use immediately before the game period was 2.38 (1.50-3.80) and 3.99 (1.20-13.28), respectively.Elite athletes' anti-doping education was highly related to increased DS use during the training period and immediately before the game. Although elite athletes use various DS and OS during the training period and before the game period, doping education for elite athletes is related with DS and OS use during the training period and before the game.