• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.547-562
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• 2016

The purpose of this research was to provide the information of mandatory regulation for Korean sports facilities and the preliminary data for building sport safety management manual through sports facilities abroad and system status. Futhermore, based on the information of sports facilities safety management, this research performed the benchmarking of each country sports facilities safety management system. As a result, in the U.S, Department of Homeland Security(DHS) leads effort to achieve a safe, secure, and resilient homeland. In Germany, law & regulations, sports facilities safety guideline and expert extension have been reviewed. Germany is more realistic and practical than other countries. In Australia, Major Hazard Facilities(MHF) is responsible for eliminating the risk of a major incident. Emergency Management System(EMS) should spontaneously respond when the alarm is raised as early detection and intervention are vital to ensuring that a small incident does not escalate to become a major disaster.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the simultaneous application of the combination of isotonics (CI) in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and sport taping on the pain and grip strength of patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis among H badminton club members and to provide intervention methods for lateral epicondylitis. Methods: The subjects included 10 patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis. The CI technique in PNF as well as sport taping were applied to the subjects five times per week for two weeks. The visible analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure decreasing changes in pain, and a grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength (GS). Paired sample t-tests were conducted to compare values measured before and after the experiment in order to determine differences. Results: The intensities of pain of the experimental groups changed significantly between the times before and after the experiment (p<0.05), and grip strength also changed significantly from the time before after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: When the CI technique of PNF as well as sport taping were applied to patients with lateral epicondylitis, the patients showed significant improvements in pain and grip strength. Since the intervention had quite positive effects on the subjects that complained of lateral epicondylitis by reducing their pain and increasing their grip strength, studies of efficient exercise interventions will be continuously conducted to propose the development of intervention programs.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate a three dimensional kinematic variables about the last stride and the release phase of the throwing technique for female javelin throwers. For the motion analysis, Six female javelin throwers were used as subjects. Three-dimensional coordinates were collected using the Kwon3D Motion Analysis Package Version 2.1 Program. Two S-VHS Video Cameras were used to record the locations and orientations of control object and the performances of the subjects at a frequency of 6.0 HZ. After the kinematic variables such as the time, the distance, the velocity, and the angle were analyzed about the last stride and release phase, the followings were achieved; 1. For the effectively javelin throwing, the subjects appeared to do long the approach time in the phasel of landing phase, and short the delivery time in release phase 2. In the release event, the other subjects except for subject A appeared to throwing in the lower condition than the height of themselves. This result showed to slow the projecion velocity. 3. For increase the projection vcelocity of the upper extremity joint in the release event, it appeared to do extend rather the shoulder angle than increase the extension of elbow joint. 4. The body of COG angle showed to gradually increase nearly at the vertical axis in the release event. But the front lean angle of trunk showed a small angle compare to increase of the body of COG angle. Therefore for the effectively momentum transmission of the whole body in the javelin, the front and back lean angle of trunk appeared to do fastly transfer the angle displacement in the arch posture or the crescent condition during the deliverly motion of the release phase.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.418-428
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• 2013

This study investigated whether adolescents' perception s of coaching behavior and social behaviors differ by gender and sport career, and examined the relationships among these variables. Subjects were 740 high school athletes (516 males, 224 females). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and 2(gender)${\times}3$(sport career) MANOVA. Results of MANOVA indicated that the interaction between gender and sport career significantly influenced to the level of prosocial behaviors on opponents. Male athletes perceived their coaches' behaviors more controlled and showed higher antisocial behaviors to opponents than female athletes. Athletes with low sport career reported higher antisocial behaviors on opponents than those with high careers. Autonomy-supportive coaching behaviors were positively associated with prosocial behaviors, but negatively related with antisocial behaviors. Controlled coaching behaviors were positively associated with antisocial behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2005

This study was investigated the kinematic factors of the last approach strides and. take off motion for the skill improving of BKH elite male athlete. 'The subjects chosen for the study were BKH and. KASZCZYK Emillian male athletes who were participated in 2003 Dae-Gu Universiad Games. Three high speed video cameras set in 60frames/s setting were used. for recording from the last approach strides to the apex position. After digitizing motion, the Direct Linear Transformation(DLT) technique was employed to obtain 3-D position coordinates, The kinematic factors of the distance, velocity and angle variable were calculated for Kwon3D 3.1. The following conclusions were drawn; 1. It showed longer stride length, as well as faster horizontal and lateral velocity than the success trial during the approach phase. For consistent of the approach rhythm, it appeared that the subject should a short length for obtain the breaking force by the lower COG during the approach phase. 2. The body lean angle showed a small angle by a high COG during the take-off phase. For obtain the vertical displacement of the COG and a enough space form the bar after take-off, it appeared that the subject should increase the body lean angle. 3. For obtain the vertical force during the takeoff phase, it appeared that the subject should keep straight as possible the knee joint. Therefor, the subject can be obtain a enough breaking force at the approach landing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of localized muscle fatigue and whole body fatigue on postural control during single-leg stance after impairment induced by heel raise and the Harvard step test. Thirty-eight university students (19 men: age, $20.1{\pm}0.2$ yrs; height, $175.0{\pm}5.23cm$; weight, $66.8{\pm}5.6kg$; body mass index, $21.8{\pm}1.7kg/m^2$, 19 women: age, $20.6{\pm}1.1yrs$ ; height, $163.6{\pm}6.7cm$; weight, $58.8{\pm}4.6kg$; body mass index, $22.0{\pm}2.2kg/m^2$) were participated in this study. Subjects performed a series of single-leg postural tasks prior to, following, and 24 hours after completing: heel raise or the Harvard step test. This study showed that the root mean squared distance and velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral planes of the center of pressure decreased significantly due to heel raise exercise-induced fatigue. Furthermore, the root mean squared distance in the anteroposterior and mediolateral planes, and the 95% confidence ellipse area of the center of pressure also decreased significantly 24 hours after completing the Harvard step test. In conclusion, this study showed that both heel raise exercise- and Harvard step exercise-induced fatigue affects postural control during single-leg stance in AP and ML planes. Furthermore, this study suggests that changes in the postural control strategy may have occurred after the fatigue protocols during single-leg stance. Also vision can attenuate the postural deficits associated with the fatigues. In order to clarify these results, further studies using other equipment and variables are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify recent domestic and international research trends regarding shoes carried out in biomechanics field and to suggest the direction of shoe research later. Method: To achieve this goal of research, the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Korea Education and Research Information Service and Korean Citation Index were searched to identify trends in 64 domestic and international research. Also, classified into the interaction of the human body, usability evaluation of functional shoes, smart shoe development research, and suggested the following are the suggestions for future research directions. Conclusion: A study for the coordination of muscle activity, control of motion and prevention of injury should be sought by developing shoes of eco-friendly materials, and scientific evidence such as physical aspects, materials, floor shapes and friction should be supported. Second, a study on elite athletes in various sports is needed based on functional shoes using new materials to improve their performance along with cooperation in muscle activities and prevention of injury. Third, various information and energy production are possible in real time through human behavioral information, and the application of Human Machine Interface (HMI) technology through shoe-sensor-human interaction should be explored.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2020

Objective: This study to identify the mechanism of head impact that occurs during youth soccer game with regard to head injuries in sports. Method: Ten male subjects (age: 10.0±2.0 yrs.) were participated during 10 soccer practices spread out over a time period of 10 weeks. During each soccer game, the participants agreed and wore the X-Patch (wireless accelerometer, gyroscopes). The X-Patch records the head impact mechanics, such as peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), peak rotational velocity (PRV), Head Injury Criterion (HIC), and the location of impact. Results: A total of 501 impacts to the head were measured over the 10 soccer games, PLA 17.8±10.4 g, PRA 3168±2442 rad/s²; PRV 16.1±10.6 rad/s; HIC 11.7±34.2. The severity of impact was classified into 3 ranges; low 10~39 g (482 impacts); medium 40~69 g (17 impacts); and high >69 g (2 impacts). There are no significant differences in PLA and HIC (p=0.08, p=0.15), however PRA and PRV show the differences (p<.05) between each of the participants. For the analysis comparing between the soccer games, there are no significant differences in PLA, PRA, PRV and HIC (p=0.11, p=0.13, p=0.14, p=0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that there were significant differences between athletes, especially in terms of rotational acceleration, whereas there were significant differences in linear and rotational based variable between each of the soccer games. Although the vast majority of impacts were below 39 g there were 2 potentially dangerous impacts above 69 g. It is important that future research continuous to measure head impact mechanics during soccer to help understand head injury mechanisms to ensure the safety of athletes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.487-494
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• 2021

This study aims to find out how the leadership type of middle school soccer coach affects sport flow and team atmosphere, and the results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the demographic characteristics, it was found that there was a significant difference in the peer relationship characteristics of the team atmosphere by the variable of age, and the mutual leadership by the variable of life period with coach. Second, as a result of examining the influence of middle school soccer coach's leadership type on sport flow, it was found that among leadership types, servant leadership affected all sub-factors of sport flow and transformational leadership affected behavioral flow. Third, as a result of examining the effect of middle school soccer coach's leadership type on team atmosphere, it was found that all leadership types had an effect on the role characteristics, which are the sub-factors of team atmosphere, servant leadership on the peer relationship characteristics, and transactional leadership on the team characteristics.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.815-824
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• 2019

It is not easy to present a generalized operating model because the operating environment of a sport event is composed of a complex matrix structure. In this study, we propose 'standardization' which provides guidance of concept and process of sport event management to solve this sports event management problem. To purpose complete of this study, the frame was developed by the international standard ISO 9001: 2015 is applied. The standards framework for sports event process management system structure proposed in this study consists of scope of application, citing standard, Terms and definitions, organizational situation, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, and improvement. This sport event process management system standard can be applied to any organization that wants to host, prepare, and operate sport events regardless of the form or scale of the sport event. In addition, this standard was focused on process management of life-cycle stages of sporting events, therefor it was possible to manage interrelationships and dependencies between processes and processes.