• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2011

We analyze the cooperative spontaneous emission of optically excited nanocrystals into surface plasmon polaritons propagating on the surface of a cylindrical metallic nanowire. The spontaneous emission probability of the nanocrystals is obtained by perturbative expansions with and without dipole-dipole interaction among nanocrystals in order to see the cooperative effects. The spontaneous emission probability depends on the radial and axial distributions, as well as on the dipolar orientation of nanocrystals. It is shown that the spontaneous emission probability is strongly influenced by dipole-dipole interaction, axial distribution, and dipolar orientation of nanocrystals for closely spaced nanocrystals.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.245-257
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• 2008

Subjects in this study on causal relationships among playfulness, interactive peer play, teacher-child relationships, and creative characteristics were 286 3- to 5-year-old children. Instruments were the Rating Scale for Creative Characteristic of Preschoolers (Lee et al., 2002), Children's Playfulness Scale (Bemett, 1990), Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (Fantuzzo et al., 1995), and Student Teacher Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1991). Results showed : (1) significant relationships among social spontaneous, cognitive spontaneous and children's humor in sub-areas of children's playfulness, friendliness in sub-areas of teacher-child relationships, play interaction in sub-areas of interactive peer play and creative characteristics. (2) Children's creative characteristics directly influenced social spontaneous, cognitive spontaneous and children's humor in sub-areas of children's playfulness and of play interaction in sub-areas of interactive peer play.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

This study aims to explore the relationship between the spontaneous interactions of office workers and their workspace layout. The spontaneous interactions are captured by the measures regarding the 'visual interaction' between workers in their desk layouts. The measures of visual interaction then are examined by means of the office layout or desk arrangement and the properties of work patterns according to the departments, such as general affairs, sales, research and development, and planning. The study finds four types of office layout ; Type 1 with low visual interaction between workers and high intensity of visual interaction, Type 2 with high visual interaction between workers and high intensity of visual interaction, Type 3 with low visual interaction between workers and low intensity of visual interaction, and Type 4 with high visual interaction between workers and high intensity of visual interaction. The study shows that the patterns of unintentional interaction between workers varies according to the property of work and office arrangement and it also argues that the patterns of office layout are different according to properties of work.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 1993

We have calculated the reduced spontaneous magnetization in different environments and average value as func¬tion of reduced temperature of the magnetic ions(Fe) for A(tetrahedral) and B(octahedral) sites in spinel ferrites $AB_{2}O_{4}$ using A-O-B superexchange interaction. The reduced spontaneous magnetization and average value by A-O-B superexchange interaction are compared with that by A-B direct interaction. To contrast A-O-B superexchange interaction with A-B direct interaction, $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectra from previous two interactions are obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between conversational function and question type in mothers' utterances and their infant's language development. The subjects were 20 infants from 1;07 to 1;11 years of age in Yanji, China. Each child's spontaneous natural speech during interaction with his/her mother was videotaped for about 30 minutes. The children and their mother's spontaneous utterances were transcribed and coded for the number of type and token of word, grammatical morpheme conversational function and type of question in mother's language input to her child. The result showed that mothers used questions as the most frequent conversational function with their infants. The number of questions in conversational function in mothers' utterances positively correlated with the type of word, type of morpheme and grammatical morpheme in infants' utterance. However, there was no correlation between mothers' language input and infant early language development.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.344-357
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• 2002

The present paper reports spontaneous steam explosions observed in fuel coolant interaction experiments using prototypic reactor materials. Pure ZrO$_2$ and a mixture of UO$_2$ and ZrO$_2$ are used. A high temperature molten material in the form of a jet is poured into a subcooled water pool located in a pressure vessel. An induction skull melting technique is used for the melting of the reactor material. In both tests using pure ZrO$_2$ and a mixture of UO$_2$ and ZrO$_2$, either a quenching or a spontaneous steam explosion was observed. The morphology of debris and pressure profile clearly indicate the differences between the qunching cases and explosion cases. The dynamic pressure. dynamic impulse, water temperature, melt temperature, and static pressure Inside the containment chamber were measured . As the spontaneous steam explosion for the reactor material is firstly observed in the present experiments, the results of present experiments could be a siginificant step forward the understanding the explosion of the reactor material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.68.1-68
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• 2003

When plants are infected by plant pathogens, typical disease symptom termed lesion, appears in compatible interaction. Whereas, in incompatible interactions, only small speck of lesions are visible on the leaf surfaces. Hypersensitive response (HR) of plant which is the result of infection by incompatible pathogens, is a well known defense response inducing rapid cell death resulting in complete resistance. However, some rice mutants show spontaneous disease symptoms during the growth stages without interaction with pathogens. We investigated the spontaneous cell death mutant called Blast Lesion Mimic(BLM) generated by EMS mutation, on the relationship with the hypersensitive response as well as resistant characteristics. Accumulation of phenolic compounds were detected around the lesions as lesions develop on leaf surface. Activation of PR gene was detected before the lesion appeared, and that result indicates the defense-related response are started earlier than lesion formation. The BLM mutant showed resistant response to inoculation of Magnaporthe grisea KJ201 with which the wild type Hwacheong is totally susceptible. Informations on the formation of spontaneous lesions and detail analysis of lesion mimic mutants and related genes are very limited to date. It is really important to understand the phenomenon of the defense-related lesion formation for developing resistant cultivar for rice blast pathogens

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.179-186
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• 1982

The methods controlling the confounding factors were discussed using the data of secondary infertility with induced abortion. Mantel-Haenszel method and logistic model were applied in the analysis to find out which factors were confounding and/or effect modification variables. In the logistic analysis, the main effect of induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, age and interaction effect between induced abortion and spontaneous abortion were chosen as independent variables being regressed into logistic functions. Spontaneons abortion was interpreted as a potential confounder and at the same time potential effect modifier and age was interpreted as potential confounder. Spontaneous abortion was shown to be more important influencing factor than age to the secondary infertility. In the course of logistic analysis, the problem of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing, assessing the fitness of a model, and selection of the best model were briefly explained. For the program of logistic model, FUNCAT Procedure of SAS package was chosen.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.439-451
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• 2012

Maternal interaction behavior, language input and children's language of 34 multicultural families were compared with those of ordinary families. MLU's of multicultural mothers and their children were shorter than those of ordinary Korean mothers and children. Positive maternal interaction behaviors of multicultural mothers were significantly lower than those of ordinary mothers. Correlational analyses revealed that there were positive correlations among maternal interaction behaviors, mother's MLU and children' MLU in multicultural families. However, there were no such correlations in ordinary families. Findings suggest language education and support for multicultural mothers be an effective policy for their children's language development.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2005

Spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of gabapentin (GBP) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were reported. The association constant of GBP-BSA system was determined at different temperatures (298, 302, 306 and 311 K) based on the fluorescence quenching results. The GBP was found to quench the fluorescence of BSA through static mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters, the standard enthalpy change, $({\Delta}H^o)$ and the standard entropy change $({\Delta}S^o)$ were observed to be $-9.61{\pm}0.008\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ and $3.58{\pm}0.011\;Jmol^{-1}K{-1}$ respectively. These indicated that the hydrophobic and electrostatic forces played a role in the interaction of GBP with BSA. The negative value of ${\Delta}G^o$ revealed that the binding reaction is spontaneous. The circular dichroism studies indicated the conformational changes in BSA upon interaction with GBP. The effect of some metal ions on the binding constant was also investigated.