• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.630-638
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate stress in elderly patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) and to examine validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: The development process for the preliminary scale included construction of a conceptual framework and initial items, verification of content analysis, sentence correction, and pilot study. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey with one-to-one interviews during January and February, 2012. Participants were 240 elderly patients with CAD. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency. Results: The developed scale consisted of 32 items and 6 factors - aging and disease (7 items), family relations (5 items), anxiety and withdrawal (9 items), management of daily living (3 items), compliance of medical regimen (4 items), poverty and finance (4 items), and explained 68.5% of total variance. The scale had significantly positive correlation with the Korean Perceived Stress Scale (KPSS). Cronbach's alpha was .96, and Guttman split half coefficient was .91. Conclusion: Results indicate that the Stress Scale for Elderly Patients with CAD has validity and reliability, and is a suitable scale in health care settings to assess stress in elderly patients with CAD.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

The changeable stress environment directly affect the propagation law of a stress wave. Stress wave propagation tests in sandstone with different axial stresses were carried using a modified split Hopkinson Pressure bar (SHPB) assuming the sandstone has a uniform pore distribution. Then the waveform and stress wave energy dissipation were analyzed. The results show that the stress wave exhibits the double peak phenomenon. With increasing axial stress, the intensity difference decreases exponentially and experiences first a dramatic decrease and then gentle development. The demarcation stress is σ/σ_c=30%, indicating that the closer to the incident end, the faster the intensity difference attenuates. Under the same axial stress, the intensity difference decreases linearly with propagation distance and its attenuation intensity factor displays a quadratic function with axial stress. With increasing propagation distance, the time difference decays linearly and its delay coefficient reflects the damage degree. The stress wave energy attenuates exponentially with propagation distance, and the relations between attenuation rate, attenuation coefficient and axial stress can be represented by the quadratic function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.290-294
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• 2018

The shingled photovoltaic module can be produced by joining divided solar cells into a string of busbarless structure and arranging them in series and parallel to produce a module, in order to produce a high output per unit area. This paper reports a study to optimize solar cell electrode structure for shingled photovoltaic module fabrication. The characteristics of each electrode structure were analyzed according to the simulation program as follow: 80.62% fill factor in the six-junction solar cell electrode structure and 19.23% efficiency in the five-junction electrode structure. Therefore, the split electrode structure optimized for high-density and high-output shingled module fabrication is the five-junction solar cell electrode structure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2012

Agriculture activities account for 58% of total anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) with global warming potential of 298 times as compared to carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) on molecule to molecule basis. Quantifying $N_2O$ from managed soil is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of the study was to compare $N_2O$ emission from livestock compost applied arable land with that for fertilizer treatment. The study was conducted for two years by cultivating Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do. Accumulated $N_2O$ emission during cultivation of Chinese cabbage after applying livestock compost was slightly greater than that for chemical fertilizer. Slightly greater $N_2O$ emission factor for livestock compost was observed than that for chemical fertilizer possibly due to lump application of livestock compost before crop cultivation compared with split application of chemical fertilizers and enhanced denitrification activity through increased carbon availability by organic matter in livestock compost.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure suffering of family of patients with terminal cancer. Methods: This research was a methodological study processed as follows: 1) The preliminary 32 items were developed based a conceptual framework of suffering for patients with cancer. 2) The content was validated by an expert panel (n=24) and the family of patients with terminal cancers (n=33). 3) The instrument was validated by survey (n=92). Finally, 29 items were selected in developing final version of the scale. Results: Seven factors were extracted through factor analysis: 'economical distress', 'loss of meaning in life', 'feeling of social isolation', 'emotional distress', 'burnout', 'guilty feeling', and 'physical discomfort'. These factors explained 66.94% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha and Guttman Split-half coefficient of the 29 items were .93 and .92. respectively. Conclusion: This scale identified as a valid and reliable tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. It can be effectively utilized to assess the degree of suffering of family in palliative care settings.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of this study was to find out factors influencing the health promotion behavior of low-income vulnerable 4th, 5th and 6th-grade elementary school students. The specific goals were: first, to find out difference in health knowledge, self-esteem and health promotion behavior according to general characteristics; second, to investigate the correlations among health knowledge, self-esteem and health promotion: and, third, to analyze factors influencing health promotion behavior. Methods: The subjects of this study were 137 low-income vulnerable 4th, 5th and 6th-grade elementary school children who were participating after-school programs in Seoul. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in health knowledge, self-esteem and health promotion behavior between girls and boys. In the sub categories, differences were observed in personal hygiene and health responsibility, stress management and personal relationship. The correlation of health promotion behavior with self-esteem and health knowledge was statistically significant. Regression analysis revealed that the influencing factor is self-esteem with the other variables under control. Conclusion: Health promotion education requires low-income vulnerable elementary children to increase their self-esteem. We recommend that it should be one of the most effective ways to split boys and girls to educate them in disparate classrooms.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2014

Purpose: This study is a methodological research study for development of a tool for measurement of care satisfaction of home health nursing in patients who have received care through home health nursing and to test the validity and reliability of the tool. Method: Based on Watson's theory of caring and its constituent factors, the literature related to home health nursing was reviewed, and the standard of home health nursing was compared and analyzed. For verification of the validation and reliability of the final tool which has been developed, data were collected from 166 people who were receiving home health nursing care. Result: According to results of analysis of the factors based on Kaiser and scree test, 10 factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1.0 were extracted, and they explained 72.26% of the total variance. In addition, the factor loadings of 56 questions were greater than .30. For verification of reliability, Cronbach's alpha for all 56 items was .98 and Guttman split half reliability coefficient was .90. Conclusion: This tool based on Watson's theory of caring contributed to development and application of the nursing theory through verification of the theory.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.915-923
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• 2003

This paper presents the test results of total 35 direct tensile specimens to investigate the effect of high-strength concrete on the tension stiffening effect in axially loaded reinforced concrete tensile members. Three kinds of concrete strength 25, 60, and 80 MPa were included as a major experimental parameter together with six concrete cover thickness ratios. The results showed that as higher strength concrete was employed, not only more extensive split cracking along the reinforcement was formed, but also the transverse crack space became smaller. Thereby, the effective tensile stiffness of the high-strength concrete specimens at the stabilized cracking stage was much smaller than those of normal-strength concrete specimens. This observation is contrary to the current design provisions, and the significance in reduction of tension stiffening effect by employment of high-strength concrete is much higher than that would be expected. Based on the present results, a modification factor is proposed for accounting the effect of the cover thickness and the concrete strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2002

This study is focused on the layout design with sizing for the main propulsion shafting with controllable pitch propeller system. For appropriate design and successful manufacturing of controllable pitch Propeller system, it is based on specifications to be required from the customer as well as the stresses calculation and analysis of main propulsion system for hollow shafting. And it must be performed according to the U.S military specifications MIL-STD-2189(SH) with drawing of NAVSHIPS 803-2145807, and also the stress analysis by applying safety factor. The results are as follows : 1. For the main propulsion system with controllable pitch propeller, it is designed the following items propeller diameter, hub diameter, dimensions of oil distribution or actuating unit based on shaft mounting type, diameters of propeller and intermediate shaft, dimension of split muff coupling, coupling flange thickness and of coupling bolt diameter. 2. As the results, we can get complete our own design ability for the main propulsion shafting with controllable pitch propeller system with critical data which are necessary to establish shafting arrangement from the ship building companies.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2018

This paper investigates the effect of inclusion of glass fibers on mechanical and fracture properties of binary blend geopolymer concrete produced by using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. To study the effect of glass fibers, the mix design parameters like binder content, alkaline solution/binder ratio, sodium hydroxide concentration and aggregate grading were kept constant. Four different volume fractions (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) and two different lengths (6 mm, 13 mm) of glass fibers were considered in the present study. Three different notch-depth ratios (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were considered for determining the fracture properties. The test results indicated that the addition of glass fibers improved the flexural strength, split tensile strength, fracture energy, critical stress intensity factor and critical crack mouth opening displacement of geopolymer concrete. 13 mm fibers are found to be more effective than 6 mm fibers and the optimum dosage of glass fibers was found to be 0.3% (by volume of concrete). The study shows the enormous potential of glass fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete in structural applications.