• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1967

A new alkaloid named Spirajine(m.p. 182~$184^{\circ}C$ $[{\alpha}]d^{19}+3.4^{\circ}$ in $CHCl_3$, $C_{23}H_{33}NO_3$, colorless prism) was isolated from the leaves of Spiraea Koreana Nakai (Spiraeceae) (Korean name "Chamjopab namu") which grows in the mountaineous area of Korea, by process of Scheme I (yields 0.13%). Another two unidentified alkaloids (not yet crystallized) were separated by the method of thin layer chromatography. (The Rf values of the two unidentified alkaloids were 0.66, 0.77, respectively and Spirajine 0.72) Spirajine were subjected to the structural investigation with the use of ultra violet and infra red spectrophotometry, and opical rotatory dispersion. The alkaloid contains two ketonic carbonyl groups, tertiary hydroxyl group, methyl groups, N-methyl group and both cyclohexane ring and cyclopentane ring.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.239-248
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of soil depths and soil organic fertilizer application on the growth characteristics of Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' in a extensive green roof system. The treatments were 3 soil depths (10, 15 and 25 cm) and 5 soil types in mixture of artificial soil and organic fertilizer. We measured plant height, leaf width, leaf length, number of flowers, visual quality and survival rate from March to October in 2011. The growing medium of 10 cm soil depth showed the highest plant growth in $A_1$ (amended soil 100%), and the lowest plant growth in $O_1A_4$ (organic fertilizer 20% + amended soil 80%) treatment. In case of 15 cm soil depth, Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' showed a high leaf length and visual quality in $O_1A_2$(organic fertilizer 33% + amended soil 67%) treatment and high leaf width and number of flowers in $O_1$ (organic fertilizer 100%) treatment. $A_1$ treatment without organic fertilizer showed the lowest leaf length and poorest visual quality, and $O_1A_4$ treatment showed the lowest plant height and lowest number of flowers. At soil depth 25 cm, $O_1A_1$ (organic fertilizer 50% + amended soil 50%) treatment showed greater plant height, visual quality and number of flowers than other treatments. The leaf length and leaf width were more effective in $O_1$ treatment. $A_1$ treatment showed a relatively low leaf length, leaf width and visual quality. The higher the organic conditioner, the better the plant growth. And, survival rates of Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' showed 92%, 88% and 76% at soil depths of 25 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm, respectively, in this a extensive green roof system. Therefore, the results showed that the growth of Spiraea bumalda 'Gold Mound' was affected by both soil quality and soil depth. Different optimal mixtures of organic fertilizer and amended soil were determined, depending upon soil depth.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.983-990
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• 2010

Genus Spiraea is a woody species primarily distributed throughout Asia. Many species of this genus are important plants medicinally and ecologically. I evaluated a representative sample of the sixteen taxa with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to estimate genetic relationships within genus Spiraea. In addition, RAPD analysis was also conducted to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of these species. As the typical populations of Spiraea were small, isolated, and patchily distributed for natural populations, they maintained a low level of genetic diversity for polymorphic primers. The mean H was 0.117 across species. The Korean endemic species (S. chartacea) and patchily distributed species (S. betulifolia) showed fewer alleles per locus (mean 1.240 vs. 1.297), lower percent polymorphic locus (24.0 vs. 29.7), and lower diversity (0.092 vs. 0.121) than a relatively widely spread species. An assessment of the proportion of diversity present within species, $H_{POP}/H_{SP}$, indicated that about 87.8% the total genetic diversity was among species. Thus, the majority of genetic variation (87.8%) resided within species. The phylogenic tree showed three distinct groups. One clade includes S. prunifolia for. simpliciflora, S. thunbergii, S. chamaedryfolia var. ulmifolia, S. media, and S. cantoniensis. Another clade includes S. blumei, S. pubescens, S. chartacea, and S. chinensis. The other clade is the remaining seven species.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2018

The leaves of Spiraea prunifolia were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ or ODS column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of two phenolic glucosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as isosalicin (1) and crenatin (2) based on spectroscopic analyses including Nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. Extracts were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS providing a short analysis time within 5 min using MRM technique. The concentration of crenatin was higher as 9.53 mg/g and isosalicin was lower as 0.65 mg/g. Neuroprotective effects of these compounds against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed that exposure to $H_2O_2$ induced morphological changes, cell death and neurotoxicity in SK-N-MC cells. However, pretreatment with crenatin resulted in inhibition of morphological change, reduction of loss of cell viability and attenuation of neuronal damage. These results suggested that neuroprotective effect of crenatin isolated from S. prunifolia can be a good candidate for the development of health beneficial foods which can ameliorate the degenerative neuronal disease caused by oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of naturally occurring aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors from white-color natural products (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus, Chionanthus retusa, Cosmos bipinnatus, Hibiscus syriacus, Hydrangea paniculata, Magnolia denudata, Prunus padus, Robinia pseudo-accacia, Rhododendron mucronulatum for. albiflorum, Spiraea blumei, and Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora). The MeOH extract of white-color natural products were tested on rat lens AR inhibition in vitro. Among them, the MeOH extract of R. mucronulatum for. albiflorum showed highest inhibition on AR ($IC_{50}$ value, 1.07 ${\mu}g/ml$). These results suggested that R. mucronulatum for. albiflorum, a white-color natural product, could be a useful resource in the development of a novel AR inhibitory agent against diabetic complications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.432-436
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• 1995

Perforated ray cells are recorded for the first time in the Korean hardwoods of Rosa multiflora, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Rosa rugosa, Spiraea cantoniensis, and Stephanandra incisa belonging to the family Rosaceae. The perforated ray cells have simple perforations, which are identical with the types of perforation plates in the vessel elements of same wood.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

This paper is to study on rating system of some shrubs for pedestrian control with concentrate upon the density of branch. It was usd that Hibiscus syricacus L., Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nak, Ligustrum obtusifolium S. et Z., Callicarpa dichotoma Raeusch., Rhoododendron mucrionulatum Turcz., Syringa vulgaris L., Weigela subsessilis L. H. Bailey, Cercis chinensis bunge, Forsythia koreana Nak., Euonymus alatus Sieb, Chaenomeles speciosa Nak., orbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Max., Deutzia parviflora Bunge, Kerria japonica De Candolle, Prunus tomentosa Thunberg ex Murray, Purunus grandulosa for. albiplena Koehne. Shrubs are invesitgated ito the density of branch, the power of sprout, height, a rate of growth, hardness of naturalizaton, crown width and existence of thorns. Shrubs belonged to high group of rating system for pedestrian control were Euonymus alatus Sieb, Purunus grandulosa for. albiplena Koehne, Chaenomeles speciosa Nak., Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nak., Prunus tomentosa Thunberg ex Murray, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., Hibiscus syricacus L., Ligustrum obtusifolium S. et Z., Syringa vulgaris L., Weigela subsessilis L.H.Bailey.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.66-71
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• 1998

Spiraea japonica L. F., a plant species belongs to the Spiraea genus of Rosaceae family, has seven varieties. There are all varieties distributed in Yunnan province of China, and S. japonica var. acuminata and S. japonica var. fortunei were used as the folk medicines to treat malaria and inflammation etc.. Since 1960s, Japanese and Russian scholars obtained C$\_$20/-diterpenoid alkaloids from S. japonica L.F., also Chinese scholars got a series of Hetisine-type C$\_$20/-diterpenoid alkaloids from S. japonica var. fortunei in 1985. Since then, we started the chemical and pharmaceutical studies of this complex. Here we wish to report the bioactive effects of spiramine alkaloids and their derivatives on the platelet aggregation induced by AA, PAF, or ADP.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2007

Prunioside A, isolated from the methanol extract of Spiraea prunifolia var. Simpliciflora's root, is composed of coumaroyl, monoterpene-type, and glucosyl units. The esterase activity of tannase was used to remove the p-coumaroyl and glucopyranosyl groups. The enzymatically hydrolyzed compound was reacted with various acyl chlorides to synthesize its ester derivatives, which showed the inhibitory effects on NO production in murine machrophage?like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.265.1-265.1
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• 2003

Low density lipoprotein (LOL) is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood stream. Also, LDL oxidation has been proposed as an important step in the formation of atherosclerotic lesion. Thus, protection of LDL from oxidation is needed to prevent or to retard the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, 6-hydroxyeugenol was isolated from the methanolic extract of the Spiraea blumei and the sructure was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. (omitted)