• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1991

Cleft palate or velopharyngeal incompetence shows many disorders and disabilities affecting speech transmission. including distortion. substitution. and the nasalization of the vowels. The nasalized vowels are produced primarily by lowering of the velum. resulting in opening a side passage for the air flow through the nasal cavity. These abnormal movements give rise to complex modification of the physical property of the sound or in the sound spectrum. The authors employed Sonagraph$^{\circledR}$ as a sound analyzer in order to ascertain the features which characterize the nasalization of vowels. Twenty healthy Korean male adult voluteers were analyzed in artificial conditions of anterior and posterior nasal obstruction. and velo-pharyngeal incompetence. The results were as follows : 1) Fundamental frequency was not changed by nasal obstruction or velopharyngeal incompetence. 2) There was no significant difference of the formant intensity between normal and nasal vowels. 3) In VPI, a decrease of the frequency of $F_2$ was observed in /e/ and /i/ vowels(p<0.001). 4) In VPI, the $F_2$ was frequently missed in /o/ and /u/ vowels. 5) In the consonant spectra of VPI, the 'release burst' was usually not observed.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.191-196
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• 1996

This paper presents an experimental study of the relationship between sound parameters of synthesized voice warning and perceived(psychoacoustic) urgency. Eighteen subjects participated in two experimental sessions to evaluate and quqntify the effects of the voice parameters. Experiments showed that speech rate, fundamental frequency and voice types have clear and consistent effect on perceived urgency. The results of these experiments can be applied to the improvement of existing auditory warning systems and the design of new systems.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.84-87
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• 2007

The final purpose of this paper is to prove that, under noisy environment, there is significant difference of perceptibility of the place of articulation between fortis plosives and aspirated plosives in Korean. For this research, a perceptual experiment had been made. Two groups of subjects heard stimuli with noise and were required to answer which sound they had heard. The result is that, with noise, aspirated plosives cannot be heard clearly whereas fortis plosives can be heard well.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.88-91
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• 2006

Steered response power(SRP) based algorithm uses a focused beamformer which steers the array to various locations and searches for a peak in output power to localize sound sources. SRP-PHAT, a phase transformed SRP, shows high accuracy, but requires a large amount of computation time. This paper proposes an algorithm that clusters search spaces in advance to reduce computation time of SRP based algorithms.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.339-345
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• 1997

This paper presents an experimental study of te relationship between sound parameters of synthesized voice warning and perceived (psychoacoustic) urgency. Twenty four subjcts participated in two experimental sessions to evaluate and quantify the effects of te voice parameters. Experiments showed that speech rate, fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency contour types and voice types have clear and consistent effect on perceived urgency. The results of these experiments can be applied to the improvement of existing auditory warning systems and the design of new systems.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 5월 학술대회지
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

Most Korean students who have not studied Japanese pronounced Japanese phoneme /k/ as /kk/ in Korean, regardless of sex. But analysis considering many phoneme environments gives us different results. Although the middle syllable which comes after 'the joon' does not show any specific distinctions, the rest cases show that the half of the subjects pronounced it as /kk/ and the other half as /k/. To draw concrete conclusions, further studies must be done.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1997년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.142-143
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to assess the psychological status of the phoneme, syllable, and various postulated subsyllabic units in Korean by applying the Sound Similarity Judgment (SSJ) task, to compare the results with those in English, and to discuss the advantage and disadvantage of the SSJ task as a tool for linguistic research. In Experiment 1, 30 subjects listened to pairs of 56 eve words which were systematically varied from 'totally different' (e.g., pan-met) to 'identical' (e.g., pan-pan). Subjects were then asked to rate sound similarity of each pair on a 10-point scale. Not very surprisingly, there was a strong correlation between the number of phonemic segments matched and the similarity score provided by the subjects. This result was in accord with the previous results from English (e.g., Vitz & Winkler, 1973; Derwing & Nearey, 1986) and supported the assumption that the phoneme is the basic phonological unit in Korean and English. However, there were sharply contrasting results between the two languages. When the pairs shared two phonemes (e.g., pan-pat; pan-pen; pan-man), the pairs sharing the fIrst two phonemes were judged significantly more similar than the other two types of pairs. Quite to the contrary, in the comparable English experiments, the pairs sharing the last two phonemes were judged significantly more similar than the other two types of pairs. Experiment 2 was designed to conflrm the results of Experiment 1 by controlling the 'degree' of similarity between phonemes. For example, the pair pan-pam can be judged more similar than the pair pan-nan, although both pairs share the same number of phonemes. This could be interpreted either as confirming the result of Experiment 1 or as the fact that /n/ is more similar to /m/ than /p/ is to /n/ in terms of shared number of distinctive features. The results of Experiment 2 supported the former interpretation. Thus, the results of both experiments clearly showed that, although the 'number' of matched phonemes is the important predictor in judging sound similarity of monosyllabic pairs of both languages, the 'position' of the matched phonemes exerts a different influence in judging sound similarity in the two languages. This contrasting set of results may provide interesting implications for the internal structure of the syllable in the two languages.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 헤드폰 재생 환경에서의 머리 밖 음상정위를 위한 음상 외재화(externalization) 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서는 기존의 머리전달함수(HRTF) 또는 초기 반사음 등을 이용한 외재화 기법들에서 발생하는 정위된 음성의 음색 왜곡을 줄이는 것에 그 초점을 맞춘다. 즉, 제안된 음상 외재화 기법은 모델 기반의 HRTF와 잔향 기법을 결합하고, 전방 음상 외재화의 성능 향상을 위하여 decorrelation 및 spectral notch 필터링 기법 등을 포함한다. 제안된 음상 외재화 기법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 백색잡음, 효과음, 음성 및 오디오 등 다양한 장르의 음원을 이용하여, 평가자의 주관에 의한 청취평가를 수행하였다. 제안된 음상 외재화 알고리즘은 성능평가 결과에서 기존의 방법에 비해 더 좋은 외재화 거리 성능을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.663-668
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• 2018

Background and Objectives The main objectives of this study were to determine the clinical usefulness of the program-assisted and real ear measurement (REM)-assisted fitting of hearing aids. Subjects and Method Fifteen participants with moderate to moderately severe hearing loss were enrolled in this study. Objective and subjective fitting results were assessed to compare the benefits between the program-assisted fitting (using a software fitting program) and the REM-assisted fitting. Real ear insertion gain (REIG), sound-field audiometry using warble tone, and Korean Hearing in Noise Test (K-HINT) were performed as objective tests. Sound quality rating was performed as a subjective test. Results In the program fitting, 48.89% of fitting points failed to come within ${\pm}10dB$ of the REIG target. In the REM fitting, however, the percentage of failure significantly decreased to 23.33% (p=0.013). In K-HINT test, the reception threshold for speech in quiet situation significantly decreased from 50.1 dB HL with the program fitting to 44.7 dB HL after the REM fitting (p<0.001). In front noise condition, signal-to-noise ratio improved from 4.53 dB to 3.50 dB with the REM fitting without statistical significance (p=0.099). In the sound quality rating, the REM fitting ($4.27{\pm}0.56$) showed a significantly better sound quality ratings than the program fitting ($3.69{\pm}0.74$) (p=0.017). Conclusion The REM fitting showed better results in both subjective and objective measurements than the program fitting.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.651-660
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• 2019

본 연구는 소음 환경에서 화자의 음성 레벨이 어느 정도일 때 한국어에 대한 청자의 음성명료도 변화를 파악하고자 시행되었다. 이를 위해 잔향시간이 다른 교실 환경을 모형화하여 가청화시재를 제작한 후 피실험자 27명을 대상으로 청감실험을 실시해 음성명료도를 평가하였다. 음성명료도에 대한 평가는 한국어 음성명료도 평가법 중 음절법과 단어법을 이용하였으며 잔향시간과 신호대잡음비를 5dB씩 변화시키면서 정답률의 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험결과 음절법의 경우 신호대잡음비가 커질수록 이에 비례해 음성명료도 평가점수 또한 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 단어법의 경우 잔향시간이 1.5 s인 경우에는 음성명료도 평가점수가 신호대잡음비와 비례적인 관계를 보이지만, 잔향시간이 0.8 s로 짧은 상황에서는 비례관계를 찾을 수 없었다. 이원변량분석 결과 한국어 음성명료도 평가법 중 음절법과 단어법에 공통적으로 유의한 영향 인자는 신호대잡음비라는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 한국어 교실의 적정 잔향시간 기준인 0.8s 이하를 만족하는 경우 소음에 따른 영향을 제어할 수 있으나, 잔향시간이 기준보다 긴 경우에는 신호대잡음비가 커야만 높은 음성명료도를 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.