• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) are the widely used fragmentation technique in mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies. Understanding the fragmentation pattern from the tandem mass spectra using statistical methods helps to implement efficient spectrum analysis algorithms. The study characterizes the frequency of occurrence of multi-charged fragment ions and their neutral loss events of doubly and triply charged peptides in the CID and HCD spectrum. The dependency of the length of the fragment ion on the occurrence of multi-charged fragment ion is characterized here. Study shows that the singly charged fragment ions are generally dominated in the doubly charged peptide spectrum. However, as the length of the product ion increases, the frequency of occurrence of charge 2 fragment ions increases. The y- ions have more tendencies to generate charge 2 fragment ions than b- ions, both in CID and HCD spectrum. The frequency of occurrence of charge 2 fragment ion peaks is prominent upon the dissociation of the triply charged peptides. For triply charged peptides, product ion of higher length occurred in multiple charge states in CID spectrum. The neutral loss peaks mostly exist in charge 2 states in the triply charged peptide spectrum. The b-ions peaks are observed in much less frequency than y-ions in HCD spectrum as the length of the fragment increases. Isotopic peaks are occurred in charge 2 state both in doubly and triply charged peptide's HCD spectrum.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.897-919
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• 2015

In this study, the effects of ground shocks due to explosive loads on the dynamic response of historical masonry bridges are investigated by using the multi-point shock response spectrum method. With this purpose, different charge weights and distances from the charge center are considered for the analyses of a masonry bridge and depending on these parameters frequency-varying shock spectra are determined and applied to each support of the two-span masonry bridge. The net blast induced ground motion consists of air-induced and direct-induced ground motions. Acceleration time histories of blast induced ground motions are obtained depending on a deterministic shape function and a stationary process. Shock response spectrums determined from the ground shock time histories are simulated using BlastGM software. The results obtained from uniform and multi-point response spectrum analyses cases show that significant differences take place between the uniform and multi-point blast-induced ground motions.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.873-879
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• 2016

A charge pump circuit with very short turn-on time is presented for minimizing reference spurs in CMOS PLL frequency synthesizers. In the source switching charge pump circuit, applying proper voltages to the source nodes of the current source FETs can significantly reduce the unwanted glitch at the output current while not degrading the rising time, thus resulting in low spur at the synthesizer output spectrum. A 1.1-1.6 GHz PLL synthesizer employing the proposed charge pump circuit is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS. The current consumption of the charge pump is $490{\mu}A$ from 1 V supply. Compared to the conventional charge pump, it is shown that the reference spur is improved by dB through minimizing the turn-on time. Theoretical analysis is described to show that the measured results agree well with the theory.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.121-125
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• 1967

各種 아민과 할로겐化合物間의 Charge Transfer Complex 形成與否를 檢討하여 보았다. Pyridine Tridthylamine, Piperidine Ethanolamine Triethanolamine, Aniline, Diethylamine 等의 아민類와 四鹽化炭素 또는 클로로폼의 混合溶液을 n-Hexane 溶媒存在下에서 紫外線吸收 스펙트라를 檢査한 結果 장파장쪽의 Shift가 있었으며 特히 Diethylamine과 Triethylamine은 클로로폼 또는 四鹽化炭素와 1:1 Charge Transfer Complex를 形成하였고, Piperidine은 接觸的 Complex를 形成하는 것이 確認되었다. Complex의 形成경향과 아민의 Nucleophilicity와의 關係를 論議하였다.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1564-1570
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• 2018

Charge transport dynamics in ZnO based inverted organic solar cell (IOSC) has been characterized with transient photocurrent spectroscopy and localised photocurrent mapping-atomic force microscopy. The value of maximum exciton generation rate was found to vary from $2.6{\times}10^{27}m^{-3}s^{-1}$ ($J_{sat}=79.7A\;m^{-2}$) to $2.9{\times}10^{27}m^{-3}s^{-1}$ ($J_{sat}=90.8A\;m^{-2}$) for devices with power conversion efficiency ranging from 2.03 to 2.51%. These results suggest that nanorods served as an excellent electron transporting layer that provides efficient charge transport and enhances IOSC device performance. The photovoltaic performance of OSCs with various growth times of ZnO nanorods have been analysed for a comparison between AM1.5G spectrum and local solar spectrum. The simulated PCE of all devices operating under local spectrum exhibited extensive improvement with the gain of 13.3-3.7% in which the ZnO nanorods grown at 15 min possess the highest PCE under local solar with the value of 2.82%.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 멀티콥터의 원활한 주파수 사용과 에너지 충전을 위하여 효율적인 스펙트럼 센싱기술을 제안한다. 제안된 구조는 Ad-hoc network를 기반으로 한 Spectrum sensing의 성능을 향상시키는데 중점을 둔다. 우선 Cooperative Spectrum sensing, Ad-hoc based Spectrum sensing의 기본원리와 단점을 설명한다. 이러한 점을 보완하여 인지 무선 시스템 기반 ad-hoc 네트워크에서도 신호들의 detection probability를 향상시키기 위하여 2차 사용자의 ad-hoc 단말들에게 보다 높은 1차 사용자의 전송 파워를 실어 주기 위한 beamforming 기법을 이용한다. 실험 결과는 신호검출 성능으로 보여주며, 본 논문의 실험결과는 ad-hoc 기반 인지 무선 시스템에 적용 가능하다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2000

This paper offer fundamental materials about Partial Discharge(PD) detection by electromagnetic waves. All spectrum data-usually used as grape- can be used as numbers. And then the average of background noise spectrum strength was made. Average value subtract from every data. Then average value appeared, graphed. The graph was compared with the magnitude of charge. The shape of changes is similar, and the change of electric field strength could be seen in one sight. When the magnitude of charge is over than 100[pC], antenna can detect partial discharge. So this method will be very useful to diagnosis of insulation. It the performance of the antenna used in this experiment is analyzed, good results can be obtained.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2011

Lithium batteries are widely used in mobile electronic devices due to their higher voltage and energy density, lighter weight and longer life cycle when compared to other secondary batteries. In particular, a high demand for lithium batteries is expected for electric cars. In the case of the lithium batteries used in electric cars, driving distance must be calculated accurately and discharging should not be done below a level that makes it impossible to crank. Therefore, accurate information on the state-of-charge (SOC) becomes an essential element for reliable driving. In this paper, a novel method for estimating the SOC of lithium polymer batteries using AC impedance is proposed. In the proposed method, the parameters are extracted by fitting the measured impedance spectrum on an equivalent impedance model and the variation in the parameter values at each SOC is used to estimate the SOC. Also to shorten the long length of time required for the measurement of the impedance spectrum, a novel method is proposed that can extract the equivalent impedance model parameters of lithium polymer batteries with the impedance measured at only two specific frequencies. Experiments are conducted on lithium polymer batteries, with similar capacities, made by different manufacturers to prove the validity of the proposed method.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2002

The SrS:Cu, Ag thin film electroluminescient devices were fabricated on $AlTiO_3$/ITO/glass substrates by electron-beam evaporation. The emission spectrum of the device was about 460 nm with $\chi$=0.20, y=0.29 in the CIE color coordinator. It was found that the emission spectrum was saturated to pure blue color when Ag sensitizer was doped in SrS:CuCl phosphors. The luminance of the device was increased by increasing the sulfur pressure. The measured luminance was saturated with 430 cd/$m^2$at the applied voltage of 90 V and the maximum luminance was 580 cd/$m^2$at 110V. The polarization charge and conduction charge of the devices were found to be found to be about $3.5\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and $7.4\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.587-590
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• 2011

The absence of deep traps for electrons in the spectrum of $As_{40}Se_{30}S_30$ localized states films obtained by ion sputtering was determined. Bipolar drift of charge carriers was found in amorphous $As_{40}Se_{30}S_30$ films of chalcogenide glassy semiconductors, obtained by ion-plasma sputtering of high-frequency, unlike the films of these materials obtained by thermal evaporation.