• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.117-121
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• 2005

This paper reviews updated criteria for a project management body of knowledge(PMBOK) : 2004. The updated PMBOK model is generally recognized as good practice. Specific criteria are suggested for a project management body of knowledge.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2020

Securing the integrity of steam generator tubes is an essential requirement for safe operation of nuclear power plants. Therefore, tubes that do not satisfy integrity requirements are no longer usable and must be repaired according to the related requirements. In general, the repair criterion is that the damage depth is more than 40% of the tube wall thickness. However, the plugging limit can be changed and be applied, provided a technical proof is given that integrity can be secured against specific degradation at a specific plants and that approval can be obtained from a regulatory agency. A typical example is alternative repair criteria for defects within the tube sheet or tube support plates. In this paper, a background of establishing the plugging limit for steam generator tubes and changes in maintenance criteria are reviewed as examples.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.889-900
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was; to investigate consumers'selection criteria for their trade area when purchasing apparel products; to study whether there is a difference on the importance of the selection criteria; to examine consumers'willingness to visit specific trade area according to the types of apparel products. Four hundred sixty-nine female consumers who lived in the two new towns, Bundang and Ilsan participated in the study by completing questionnaires. Data were analyzed using factor analyses, t-tests, paired t-teats and chi-square analyses. The results indicated that consumer selected trade area based on shop variety within trade areas and range of products, customer services, environment of trade area, price level, entertaining features of the trade area, and the convenience of location and shopping time. In addition, the importance of these criteria varied according to the types of apparel products(i.e. formal wears and casual wears). The types of apparel products had influence on consumers'willingness to visit specific trade area. Consumers preferred the trade areas in the new towns for purchasing formal wears, whereas they frequented the trade areas in Seoul for purchasing casual wears.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.126-133
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• 2005

국내 중${\cdot}$저준위 방사성폐기물 처분을 위한 처분부지 확보 및 관련업무가 활발히 진행 중이다. 방사성폐기물 처분을 위해서는 방사성폐기물의 물리화학적, 방사학적 상태 및 건전성 등을 확보하여야 하며 폐기물 발생자는 이러한 정보를 처분사업자에게 제공해야한다. 또한 처분 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 방사성폐기물 인수기준(Waste Acceptance Criteria : WAC) 및 처분부지 특성을 고려한 세부인수기준(Site Specific Waste Acceptance Criteria : SWAC)이 필요하며 방사성폐기물을 이 기준에 적합하게 처리${\cdot}$생성${\cdot}$관리 및 인도하여야 한다. [1] 이를 위해서는 각각의 방사성폐기물에 대한 특성평가를 수행하여야 하나 원자력발전소의 경우 방사성폐기물 발생량이 많아 현실적으로 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 IAEA 및 해외 주요 국가는 방사성폐기물 인증체계(Waste Certification Program : WCP) 및 품질보증체계(Quality Assurance Program : QAP)를 개발하여 활용하고 있으며[2,3] 이를 바탕으로 국내 방사성폐기물의 안전한 처분을 위해 과기부고시 2005-18호 '중저준위 방사성폐기물 인도규정' 및 세부인수기준(시안)을 만족할 수 있는 방사성폐기물 인증프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한 방사성폐기물 인증체계 조기 도입 및 운영을 위해서 상용원전 관련 절차서 개정 및 실무자 교육을 추진 중이다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.141-153
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• 1999

To be successful, Korean exporters must understand how importers identify and select suppliers. This empirically based study investigate Korean exporter\`s perceptions of the supply selection criteria and information sources in US importers use. The specific purposes of this study were to identify the importance of the supply selection criteria and information sources and to examine the effects of the amount of export on the supply selection criteria and information sources in US importer use. For this study, data were obtained from Korean exporters by means of self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of a series of statements covering a broad of specific selection criteria and information sources and exports\` characteristics including average annual amount of export. Using a base of 312 exporters, data were analysed by using mean, one-way ANOVA, and Ducan test. Major findings if this study summarized as follows; 1) Korean exporters perceived that US importers would place importances on product price, deliverly reliability, product wordsmanship-quality, and length of deliverly lead-time, in orders. Also, the more amount of export was, the higher product wordsmanship-quality, availability of piece goods and trims, and communication channel were importantly rate. 2) Korean exporters considered the third party sources, such as recommendation from trade association and buying office and import agency, as the most important information source in US importer use. Also, There was tendency that the more amount of export was, the more information sources on suppliers was importantly evaluated. From this study, several recommendation were suggested forward to encourage export in international apparel market.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives Mibyeong is an ideological concept that means the state between the healthy and diseased conditions. The purpose of this study was to suggest a research direction to establish the diagnostic criteria for the Mibyeong by reviewing the research results for the Mibyeong. Methods Academic databases (OASIS for Korean database, Embase for English database, and CNKI for Chinese database) were used to search related literatures, and articles describing the concept or diagnostic criteria of the disease were selected. Results The concept of Mibyeong consisted of three different conditions: (1) subjective symptoms without a specific disease, (2) abnormal examination findings without a specific disease, and (3) a state in between health and disease. No matter which of the three conditions is applied, the spectrum of condition was very wide and diverse. Conclusions It is impossible to apply appropriate and monolithic diagnostic criteria to all types of Mibyeong. Therefore, we suggests that the Mibyeong be classified into several subtypes and the diagnostic criteria suitable for each type be established.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1994

Precipitation samples were collected at Kosan, Cheju Island over a period of 6 months An automatic rain sampler was manufactured domestically and installed at Kosan station. All samples were collected on a weekly basis. Samples were analyzed for S $O_4$$^{=}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $H_4$$^{+}$, N $a^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$, and pH and specific conductivity. The quality analysis of rain sample data were performed based on ion balance and specific conductivity. The pH of rain samples ranged between 4.6 to 6.6. Bicarbonate ion concentration were included in ion balance and specific conductivity calculations. The sum of cation concentrations were slightly greater than the sum of anion concentrations. Calculated specific conductivity was greater than measured specific conductivity. The most probable explanations for this discrepancy is "an anion too low or anion missing." Two criteria were used to identify outliners. They are 1) the difference between the sum of anion concentrations and cation concentration is more than 50 $\mu$eq./1 and 2) the difference between calculated and measured specific conductivity is more than 25%. Chemical analysis from several samples did not satisfy these quality control criteria. Volume weighted average concentrations were calculated. Dominant free acids in rain samples were N $a^{+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{=}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ ions in order of abundance. Non-seasalt sulfate comprises 76% of total sulfate.sulfate.e.ate.e.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.107-127
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdominal surgery patient. The target subjects of the tool were adult patients having abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Process-outcome framework was selected for the development of the tool in this study. The results were as follows. 1. Nine standards. 40 criteria and 88 indicators were developed. A standard was summary statement of the ideal level of excellencein a dimension of quality of nursing care. which could be evaluated by criteria. Several criteria indicated a specific standard and each criterion could be measured by observable and measurable indicators. 2. The standards were divided into two dimensions. One was process dimension which contained four standards(23 criteria), the other was outcome dimension which contatined five standards(17 criteria). 3. Average CVI was .985 at 9 standards. .947 at 40 criteria. and .987 at 88 indicators. 4. The evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdminal surgery patients was a criterion-referenced tool. And data collection methods of the tool were investigation of patient's record and interview( or questionnaire) with the patients. 5. Interrater reliabilities of the tool were ; r= .7572 (agreement between two raters), and pI=.8487 (intraclass correlation between five raters who rated the 84 patients). 6. Internal consistency reliability ${\alpha}$ was .6194, which was obtained from 32 criteria. Eight criteria were missed in the analyzing process because of data omission. 7. Scores of the process and the outcome dimensions showed significant. but low correlation(r= .3759, p < .001). 8. There were significant differences in total scores between the hospitals and the departments of surgery(F = 15.233. p .0001). There was also significant interaction effect between hospitals and departments to total score(F = 8.396. p = .0001). Construct validity of the toool was verified by the known-group method. these kinds of difference were expected by the nursing experts participated in the study. From these results, more specific patient classification is suggested for the development of evaluation tool of the quallity of nursing care. And indicators to be used for objective measurement for the quality of nursing care must be developed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2024

Purpose: The updated ROME IV criteria for functional constipation (FC) in children were published in 2016. However, information on the use of these criteria is scarce. This study aimed to report the frequency of the use of the ROME IV criteria by Indonesian pediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) in FC management in infants and toddlers. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Results: A total of 248 respondents (183 pediatricians and 65 GPs) from 24 Indonesian provinces completed the survey. Most respondents reported an estimated prevalence of FC to be less than 5% both in infants and toddlers. On average, only 64.6% of respondents frequently used the ROME IV criteria. Pediatricians used the ROME IV criteria more often than GPs did (p<0.001). The most frequently used criteria were painful or hard bowel movements (75.0%) and ≤2 defecations/week (71.4%). Lactulose as a laxative was the preferred treatment choice, followed by changing the standard formula to a specific nutritional formula. Most of the respondents carried out parenteral reassurance and education. Normal growth, as a marker of good digestion and absorption function, and normal stool consistency and frequency were the most reported indicators of gut health. Conclusion: The ROME IV criteria for functional constipation are not extensively used by pediatricians and GPs in Indonesia. Laxatives and specific nutritional formulas were the most used management approaches in infants and toddlers. Medical education, especially for general practitioners, should be updated.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.453-460
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze their status of underground storage tank(UST) facilities and level of soil contamination, and to establish its management criteria. DB program was developed to analyze the correlation between specific characteristic of UST and level of soil contamination. For a suitable management of UST, leakage monitoring and inspection method of UST was investigated. Inspection period was established based on the leakage rate. The most dominant factor for leakage seemed to be caused by the corrosion. Therefore, main factor, construction method and installation year of UST, and corrosion protection system were suggested for optimal protection of UST. Considering the present management status of UST in Korea, inspection and management criteria of UST should be accomplished in term of contamination protection of leakage, and flexible regulation act should be introduced for each specific site.