• Mycobiology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2008

Inonotus obliquus is a fungus that causes white heart rot on several broad-leaved species. This fungus forms typical charcoal-black, sterile conks (chaga) or cinder conks on infected stems of the birche (Betula spp). The dark brown pulp of the sterile conk is formed by a pure mycelial mass of fungus. Chaga are a folk remedy in Russia, reflecting the circumboreal distribution of I. obliquus in boreal forest ecosystems on Betula spp. and in meridional mountain forests on beech (Fagus spp.) in Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Distribution at lower latitudes in Western and Southern Europe, Northern America, Asia, Japan, and Korea is rare. Infected trees grow for many years without several symptoms of decline. The infection can penetrate through stem injuries with exterior sterile conks developing later. In the Czech Republic, cinder conk is found on birches inhabiting peat bogs and in mountain areas with a colder and more humid climate, although it is widespread in other broad leaved species over the Czech Republic. The most common hosts are B. pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica, and F. sylvatica. Less frequent hosts include Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Q. petraea, Q. robur, Q. delachampii, and Ulmus sp.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2006

Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely cultivated white-rot fungus. Owing to its considerable enzymatic versatility p. ostreatus has become the focus of increasing attention for its possible utility in biobleaching and bioremediation applications. Interactions between microorganisms can be an important factor in those processes. In this study, we describe the presence of a bacterial species associated with P. ostreatus strain G2. This bacterial species grew slowly (approximately 30 days) in the liquid and semi-solid media tested. When p. ostreatus was inoculated in solid media containing Tween 80 or Tween 20, bacterial microcolonies were detected proximal to the fungal colonies, and the relevant bacterium was identified via the analysis of a partial 16S rDNA sequence; it was determined to belong to the Burkholderia cepacia complex, but was not closely related to other fungus-isolated Burkholderiaceae. New specific primers were designed, and confirmed the presence of in vitro P. ostreatus cultures. This is the first time that a bacterial species belonging to the B. cepacia complex has been found associated with P. ostreatus.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The current social demand for organic, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Biocontrol agents are applied to crops to ensure biological control of plant pathogens. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix, is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. This pathogenic fungus has an extensive host range, and symptoms of this disease include rotting of roots, yellowing and falling of leaves, wilting, and finally tree death. The severity of the disease caused by R. necatrix, makes it the most harmful fungal pathogen infecting the economical fruit tree species, such as pears, and is one of the main limiting factors in pear farming, with devastating effects on plant health and yield. In addition to agronomic and cultural practices, growers use chemical treatments to control the disease. However, rising public concern about environmental pollution and harmful effects of chemicals in humans and animals has facilitated the search for novel and environmentally friendly disease control methods. This review will briefly summarize the current status of biocontrol agents, ecofriendly methods, and possible approaches to control disease in pear orchards.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2018

Whole-genome sequencing of Flammulina ononidis, a wood-rotting basidiomycete, was performed to identify genes associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). A total of 12,586 gene structures with an average length of 2009 bp were predicted by the AUGUSTUS tool from a total 35,524,258 bp length of de novo genome assembly (49.76% GC). Orthologous analysis with other fungal species revealed that 7051 groups contained at least one F. ononidis gene. In addition, 11,252 (89.5%) of 12,586 genes for F. ononidis proteins had orthologs among the Dikarya, and F. ononidis contained 8 species-specific genes, of which 5 genes were paralogous. CAZyme prediction revealed 524 CAZyme genes, including 228 for glycoside hydrolases, 21 for polysaccharide lyases, 87 for glycosyltransferases, 61 for carbohydrate esterases, 87 with auxiliary activities, and 40 for carbohydrate-binding modules in the F. ononidis genome. This genome information including CAZyme repertoire will be useful to understand lignocellulolytic machinery of this white rot fungus F. ononidis.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 Proceedings of KSEH.Minamata Forum
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

For decolorization of synthetic dyes, Isolate fungi were investigated for the decolorization of 8 industrial dyes. One fungus isolated from textile wastewater collected from Banweol industrial complex, Korea showed excellent ability for removing synthetic dyes. Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequencing result was confirmed as the new Basidomycetes species. HUE05-1 The optimal decolorizaton conditions were pH5, 30$^{\circ}C$ and aerobic condition. HUE05-1 was completely decolorized all dyes in both solid and liquid condition. The result is decolorization effect at Reactive Orange 16; 97.12%, Reactive Blue 19; 92.09%, Reactive Blue 49; 97.04%, Reactive Yellow 145; 95.53%, Acid Orange 10; 99.18%, Acid Violet 43; 98.73%, Acid Blue 350; 94.71%, Disperse Blue 106; 90.07%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2020

Chemical modification of wood is an effective method to enhance the biological durability of wood with no toxic effect on the environment. In this study, wood of Triplochiton scleroxylon was modified using acetylation techniques. A total of one hundred wood blocks, (each 20×20×60 mm) obtained from a 22-year old T. scleroxylon tree were conditioned and acetylated at 120℃ in a bioreactor containing acetic anhydride for 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes. The percentage weight gain of acetylated wood was determined. The untreated (control) and treated blocks were exposed to Pleurotus ostreatus (white rot fungus) and Fibroporia vaillanti (brown rot fungus) after which moisture content (MC) and weight loss (WL) was monitored for 16 weeks. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p<0.05 level of significance. The percentage weight gain of acetylated wood samples increased with time from 10.4% (60 minutes) to 22.7% (300 minutes). MC of untreated blocks inoculated with Pleurotus ostreatus was significantly higher than those of Fibroporia vaillantii after 16 weeks exposure. There was no significant difference in the MC of the of the acetylated samples for the two fungi after 300 minutes reaction time. The WL of untreated blocks inoculated with Fibroporia vaillantii was higher than those of Pleurotus ostreatus, however, the two fungi showed no significant difference in the WL for the acetylated samples after 16 weeks exposure. Acetylation prevents moisture absorption and inhibition of fungi growth in acetylated wood compared to untreated wood, thereby enhancing the durability of Triplochiton scleroxylon.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.134-137
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• 2004

항암 능력이 높다고 알려진 진흙버섯속(Phellinus)은 단 다년생인 백색부후균이며 여기에 속하는 10개 균주의 최적 배양조건을 조사하였다. 그 결과 진흙버섯속 균사체 배양에 적절한 영양원으로는 $25^{\circ}C$ 배양상에서 PDA 배지였으며, 최적 pH는 $6.0{\sim}8.0$로 조사되었고 pH 4.0에서는 모든 균주가 느린 생장속도를 나타냈다. 배양온도는 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$에서 대부분의 균주가 양호한 생장을 보여주었다. Phellinus biscuspidatus는 실험 균주 중 가장 빠른 생장속도를 나타냈으며 pH 5.0에서 최적의 성장속도를 보여주었으나 pH $6{\sim}8$에서도 양호한 생장을 한 것과 균사밀도를 고려했을 때 최적pH는 $6.0{\sim}7.0$이라 할 수 있겠다. P. biscuspidatus, P. johnsonianus와 P. lloydii는 $30^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 균사생장이 활발한 고온성 균임을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2016

Fungi, such as the wood-rotting Polyporus brumalis, are excellent sources of pharmaceutically interesting natural products such as sesquiterpenoids. In this study, we investigated the biosynthesis of P. brumalis sesquiterpenoids on modified medium. Ten additional species of white rot fungi were inoculated in medium containing nutrients such as $C_6H_{12}O_6$, $C_4H_{12}N_2O_6$, $KH_2PO_4$, $MgSO_4$, and $CaCl_2$ at $28^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. After 10 days of incubation, eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, ${\beta}$-eudesmane and ${\beta}$-eudesmol, were only synthesized during the growth phase of P. brumalis. Experiments excluding one nutrient at a time were conducted to determine the effects of inorganic nutrients on sesquiterpene biosynthesis. In conclusion, GC-MS analysis showed that biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes was differentially regulated by inorganic nutrients such as $MgSO_4$, $C_4H_{12}N_2O_6$, and $KH_2PO_4$. We found $MgSO_4$ supplementation to be vital for eudesmane-type sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. brumalis; nitrogen ($C_4H_{12}N_2O_6$) and phosphate ($KH_2PO_4$) inhibited the synthesis of P. brumalis metabolites. Magnesium is a known cofactor of sesquiterpene synthase, which promotes ${\beta}$-eudesmol synthesis. To mechanistically understand eudesmane-type sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. brumalis, further research into the genes regulating the dynamics of such biosynthesis is warranted.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내에 자생하는 형태적으로 식별이 어려운 잣뽕나무버섯(Armillaria solidipes)과 곤봉뽕나무버섯(Armillaria gallica)의 형태적 특성, 자실체 발생지의 환경특성, 목재분해효소를 알아보았다. 잣뽕나무버섯은 해발고도 107~1,396 m에서 소나무, 졸참나무, 밤나무 등 8종에서 발생하였고, 곤봉뽕나무버섯은 해발고도 119~556m에서 소나무, 물푸레나무 등 3종에서 발생하여 잣뽕나무버섯이 곤봉뽕나무버섯보다 분포와 기주의 범위가 넓었다. 형태는 잣뽕나무버섯의 자실체는 주름살이 빽빽하고 대에 갈색~검은색 털이 있으나, 곤봉뽕나무버섯은 대에 황색 털이 있고, 기부모양이 곤봉형이었다. 목재분해효소 cellulase의 활성은 두 종간의 차이가 없었으나 laccase의 활성은 잣뽕나무버섯($12.94{\pm}0.4U/mL$)이 곤봉뽕나무버섯($9.14{\pm}0.3U/mL$)보다 높았다. 따라서, 잣뽕나무버섯은 주름살이 빽빽하고 대에 갈색~검은색 털이 있으며, 곤봉뽕나무버섯과 구분하여 다양한 고도에서 넓은 기주범위를 보이고, 수목을 분해할 수 있는 능력이 크기 때문에 다양한 환경에 적응한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1984

사과나무의 과실 부패현상과 가지 사마귀현상의 평원균 및 그 병원성을 조사한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 사과나무와 배나무의 가지 및 과실, 벚나무${\cdot}$복숭아나무${\cdot}$자두나무${\cdot}$능수버드나무 및 자작나무의 가지 등 7종의 병든식물에시 분리된 것은 Dothierella mali (Botryosphaeria berengeriana 의 불완전세대)가 대부분이었고 사과의 썩은 과실에서는 Alternaria sp.와 Pencicillium expansum도 분리되었으며, 배의 썩은 과실에서는 Phomopsis sp.도 분리되었다. 2. B. berengeriana의 10개 분리균을 4종 재배에 배양한 결과 균사생장, 균총의 모양 및 색깔의 차이에 따라 2가지로 나눌 수 있다. 공시된 분리균은 배지에 특이한 색깔을 나타내지 않았다. 병자각은 자좌속에 형성되었으며, 모양은 구형 또는 편구형으로 흑갈색이었고, 크기는 사과 병조직의 것이 $103.5-287.5\mu\times92.0-287.5\mu$사이었다. 병포자는 보통 무색, 단포, 타원형-방추형으로써 사과나무 가지에서 분리한 균의 크기의 범위는 $4.3-7.2\mu\times20.0-31.5\mu$(평균 $5,9\times25.4\mu$)이었다. 병포자는 발아전후에 1개, 2개 또는 3개의 격막이 생기는 것도 있었다. 배지 또는 접종부위에 형성된 병자각 안에는 소형포자도 형성되었다. 접종식물의 잎과 과실에는 겹무늬의 갈색-흑갈색 병반이 나타났고 사과나무와 배나무의 햇가지에는 사마귀상 돌기가 접종부위에 생기는 것이 있었으며, 복숭아나무 및 벚나무의 가지에는 조피형 동고성 병반이 나타났다.