• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

Brassicaceae consists of important species that have significant amounts of metabolites, and many studies have been carried out in order to understand the mechanism that improves the content of these metabolites. In Brassicacea, Cardamine manshurica Nakai is one of the important edible plants and is rich in oil, fiber, and various nutrients. In this study, we constructed cDNA library using leaves from 4 week-old plants and analyzed the ESTs of C. manshurica Nakai. One thousand thirty-nine ESTs were discovered which assembled to form 468 unigenes. The latter contained 116 contigs and 352 singletons. Similarity search of these ESTs with BLASTX revealed similarities with Arabidopsis thaliana 285 (31.9%), Arabidopsis lyrata 172 (19.3%), Capsella rubella 162 (18.1%), and Eutrema salsugineum 137 (15.3%). ESTs were functionally categorized into molecular function, biological process, and cellular component, and each category took 10.6%, 58.5%, and 30.9%, respectively. The functional analysis also found that 94.9% of ESTs showed at least one GO ID. Microsatellite analysis of 468 unigene sequences revealed 225 structures of which Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Penta-repeats were 35.6% (80/225), 63.1% (142/225), 0.9% (2/225), and 0.4% (1/225), respectively. The results from our study can be a valuable resource for Cardamine research.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2017

Echinostoma cinetorchis is an oriental intestinal fluke causing significant pathological damage to the small intestine. The aim of this study was to determine a full-length cDNA sequence of E. cinetorchis endoribonuclease (RNase H; EcRNH) and to elucidate its molecular biological characters. EcRNH consisted of 308 amino acids and showed low similarity to endoribonucleases of other parasites (<40%). EcRNH had an active site centered on a putative DDEED motif instead of DEDD conserved in other species. A recombinant EcRNH produced as a soluble form in Escherichia coli showed enzymatic activity to cleave the 3'-O-P bond of RNA in a DNA-RNA duplex, producing 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphate. These findings may contribute to develop antisense oligonucleotides which could damage echinostomes and other flukes.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.6-16
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• 2015

This study established the genetic characterisation of 10 microsporidian isolates infecting non-mulberry silkworms (Antheraea assamensis and Samia cynthia ricini) collected from biogeographical forest locations in the State of Assam, India, using PCR-based markers assays: inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A Nosema type species (NIK-1s_mys) was used as control for comparison. The shape of mature microsporidian spores were observed oval to elongated, measuring 3.80 to $4.90{\mu}m$ in length and 2.60 to $3.05{\mu}m$ in width. Fourteen ISSR primers generated reproducible profiles and yielded 178 fragments, of which 175 were polymorphic (98%), while 16 RAPD primers generated reproducible profiles with 198 amplified fragments displaying 95% of polymorphism. Estimation of genetic distance coefficients based on dice coefficients method and clustering with un-weighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis was done to unravel the genetic diversity of microsporidians infecting Indian muga and eri silkworm. The similarity coefficients varied from 0.385 to 0.941 in ISSR and 0.083 to 0.938 in RAPD data. UPGMA analysis generated dendrograms with two microsporidian groups, which appear to be different from each other. Based on Euclidean distance matrix method, 2-dimensional distribution also revealed considerable variability among different identified microsporidians. Clustering of these microsporidian isolates was in accordance with their host and biogeographic origin. Both techniques represent a useful and efficient tool for taxonomical grouping as well as for phylogenetic classification of different microsporidians in general and genotyping of these pathogens in particular.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2004

For the development of the alternative control system against the major forest pests, Beauveria spp. F-101, isolated from a dead larva of Thecodiplosis japonensis, was selected because this isolate showed high pathogenicities against T. japonensis and Acantholyda parki. Beauveria spp. F-101 had irregular clustered conidio-phores and conidia borne on a distinctive apical zigzag extension, and it showed typical characteristic of the genus, Beauveria in morphology. For molecular based-identification, the ribosomal ITS region of Beauveria spp. F-101 was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and cloned into pGEM- T Easy vector. The amplified PCR product was 569 bp in size and completely sequenced. The similarities of the cloned ITS sequence were 99 ％ and 97％ to those of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, respectively. In comparison to other species among the genus Beauveria, the ITS region of Beauveria spp. F-101 showed a similarity of 95％ to B. amorpha, 95％ to B. tenella, 89％ to B. vermiconia and 69％ to B. alba, respectively. In addition, in comparison to different genus, it had 95％ similarities to Cordyceps militaris and 91％ to Paecilomyces tenuipes. Accordingly, the current result suggests that Beauveria spp. F-101 was a variant of B. bassiana and it seems to be a new isolate considering sequence variation in ITS region.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

답전윤환(畓田輪換)에 따른 잡초발생 양상(樣相)을 구명하여 환경보존형(環境保全型) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術)의 기초자료를 얻고자 수행한 결과 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 답전윤환(畓田輪換)에 따른 초종별 우점도(優占度)를 보면 밭을 논으로 윤환(輪換)함으로서 방동사니, 피, 마디꽃, 밭뚝외풀, 여뀌 순으로 우점도(優占度)가 높았으며 반대로 논을 밭으로 윤환(輪換)함으로서 피, 바랭이, 방동사니, 밭뚝외풀 순으로 우점도(優占度)가 높았다. 2. 답전윤환(畓田輪換)에 의한 잡초방제(雜草防除) 효과(效果)는 74-78%로 밭을 논으로 윤환(輪換)함으로서 명아주, 바랭이, 환삼덩굴, 메꽃, 닭의장풀 등이 반대로 논을 밭으로 윤환(輪換)함으로서 마디꽃, 올챙이고랭이, 피 등이 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 답전윤환(畓田輪換)에 따른 초종별 유사성(類似性) 계수(係數)는 밭을 논으로 윤환(輪換)함으로서 8, 반대로 논을 밭으로 윤환(輪換)함으로서 64를 나타내었으며 Simpson index로 0.34-0.35로 나타나 답전윤환(畓田輪換)에 의해 군락내 초종이 매우 다양화(多樣化)되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2000

The mitochondrial genome of domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) was mapped with five restriction endonucleases (BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI and XbaI), the entire genome was cloned with HindIII and EcoRI. From the end sequencing results of 5$^1$and 3$^1$region for full genome set of eleven mitochondrial clones, the seven mitochondrial genes (NADH dehydrogenase 6, ATPase 6, ATPase 8, tRN $A^{Lys}$, tRN $A^{Asp}$, tRN $A^{Thr}$ and tRN $A^{Phe}$ of mori were identified on the basis of their nucleotide sequence homology. The nucleotide composition of NADH dehydrogenase 6 was heavily biased towards adenine and thymine, which accounted for 87.76%. On basis of the sequence similarity with published tRNA genes from six insect species, the tRN $A^{Lys}$, tRN $A^{Asp}$ and tRN $A^{Thr}$ were showed stable canonical clover-leaf tRNA structures with acceptible anticodons. However, both the DHU and T$\psi$C arms of tRN $A^{Phe}$ could not form any stable stem-loop structure. The two overlapping gene pairs (tRN $A^{Lys}$ -tRN $A^{ASP}$ and ATPase8-ATPase6) were found from our sequencing results. The genes are encoded on the same strad. ATPase8 and ATPase6 overlaps (ATGATAA) which are a single example of overlapping events between abutted protein-coding genes are common, and there is evidence that the two proteins are transcribed from a single bicistronic message by initiation at 5$^1$terminal start site for ATPase8 and at an internal start site for ATPase6. Ultimately, this result will provide assistance in designing oligo-nucleotides for PCR amplification, and sequencing the specific mitochondrial genes for phylogenetics of geographic races, genetically improved silkworm strains and wild silkworm (mandarina) which is estimated as ancestal of domesticated silkworm.sticated silkworm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1134-1141
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• 2004

A bacterial strain capable of hydrolyzing sulfate ester bonds in p-nitrophenyl sulfate and agar was isolated from the Southeast coast of Korea. The isolated strain (AS6330) is aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile. Octadecanoic acid was the major cellular fatty acid in the isolate. An almost complete 16S rDNA sequence of the isolate was determined and the sequence similarity of the 16S rDNA with those of known Sphingomonas spp. was found to be at most $96.4\%$, implying that the isolate was a new Sphingomonas species. The organism was grown optimally at NaCl concentration of $1.5-3.5\%$. Optimum culture conditions were determined to be $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 for 48 h fermentation using a laboratory fermentor under constant culture conditions. Partially purified arylsulfatase through Q-Sepharose and phenyl­Sepharose chromatographies catalyzed hydrolysis of sulfate ester bonds in agar, and $97\%$ of sulfates in agar were removed after 4 h reaction at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. The arylsulfatase from the isolated bacterium might be useful for the removal of sulfate groups in agar.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2017

Recently, Jeollabuk-do has been reported as a province where the $PM_{10}$concentration is one of the highest levels in South Korea. To explore the characteristics and origins of the $PM_{10}$in Jeollabuk-do, we present one of the first long-term datasets including a statistical analysis of $PM_{10}$concentrations obtained from six cities in the province from 2010 to 2015. During the entire periods, the mean hourly $PM_{10}$concentration was $49.3{\mu}g/m^3$, which correspond to the annual ambient air quality standards for $PM_{10}$in South Korea, and the annual $PM_{10}$concentration of each city showed a similarity in year-to-year variations. In the monthly variation of $PM_{10}$, the $PM_{10}$concentrations showed a maximum value in May that was one of the top levels among the provinces of Korea while the concentrations were dramatically decreased in August showing one of the lowest levels among the provinces in Korea. For the diurnal variation of $PM_{10}$, the $PM_{10}$concentration was enhanced during the rush hours together with gaseous species of $NO_2$, and CO. When the high concentrations of $PM_{10}$were observed (the highest 10% of the $PM_{10}$mass contribution), temperature and relative humidity were low. Using HYSPLIT backward trajectories and cluster analysis for the high $PM_{10}$concentrations, we found that the pollution plumes were transported mainly from China.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.522-529
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• 2019

A Bacillus strain, SJ4, exhibiting strong fibrinolytic activity was isolated from saeu (shrimp, Acetes chinensis) jeotgal, a Korean traditional fermented food and was identified as B. subtilis. The B. subtilis SJ4 strain can grow at a NaCl concentration of up to 15% (w/v). The fibrinolytic activity of B. subtilis SJ4 (152.0 U/ml) cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth for 48 h at 37℃ with aeration was higher than that of B. subtilis SJ4 cultured in TSB (124.5 U/ml) under same culture conditions. The major proteins in the LB culture supernatant of B. subtilis SJ4 were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, which revealed three major bands (23, 25, and 28 kDa). The band (23 kDa) with strong fibrinolytic activity, analyzed on fibrin zymogram, was observed at 60-96 h of cultivation. The aprESJ4 gene encoding the major fibrinolytic enzyme, AprESJ4, was cloned by PCR. The aprESJ4 gene sequence exhibited high similarities with the fibrinolytic gene sequences of other Bacillus species. The amino acid sequence of AprESJ4 exhibited 98.9 and 98.4% similarity with subtilisin NAT and AprE2 of B. subtilis, respectively. Hence, B. subtilis SJ4 can be a potential starter culture for jeotgal products.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

지리적으로 격리되어 있는 아무르산개구리 (Rana amurensis)의 유전적인 변이를 알아보기 위하여 미토콘드리아 165 rDNA 유전자 중 401 bp 염기서열을 분석하여 비교하였다. 아무르산개구리(4개 지역집단; 한국, 중국, 몽골 및 러시아), 참개구리(2개 지역집단: 한국, 일본) 및 다른 종류의 산개구리류 미토콘드리아 165 rDNA 유전자도 함께 비교하였다. 아무르산개구리의 형태적 유사성에도 불구하고, 한국 집단은 다른 지역의 집단들과 비교하여 염기서열상의 상당한 차이를 나타났다. 본 연구에서 염기서열 분석(401 bp 분석)으로 한국산 아무르산개구리가 아종인가 아니면 독립종인지에 대하여 설명할 수는 없으나, 본 연구의 결과와 Lee et at. (1999)에 의해 연구된 한국산 아무르산개구리의 미토콘드리아 cytochrome b유전자 분석 결과가 서로 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 한국산 아무르산개구리에 대한 분류학적 위치를 종 수준에서 다시 재검토해야 할 것으로 판단되나, 보다 명확한 결과를 위해서 더 많은 지역의 개체군을 포함하여 형태학적, 생태학적 연구가 진행될 필요가 있으며, 한국산 아무르산개구리의 유전적 차이도 함께 고려해 야 할 것으로 판단된다.