• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2023

In some areas of the Republic of Korea, the designation and management of conservation areas do not adequately reflect regional characteristics and often impose behavioral regulations without considering the local context. One prominent example is the Busan EDC area. As a result, conflicts may arise, including large-scale civil complaints, regarding the conservation and utilization of these areas. Therefore, for the efficient designation and management of protected areas, it is necessary to consider various ecosystem factors, changes in land use, and regional characteristics. In this study, we specifically focused on the Busan EDC area and applied machine learning techniques to analyze the habitat of regional species. Additionally, we employed Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques to interpret the results of our analysis. To analyze the regional characteristics of the waterfront area in the Busan EDC district and the habitat of migratory birds, we used bird observations as dependent variables, distinguishing between presence and absence. The independent variables were constructed using land cover, elevation, slope, bridges, and river depth data. We utilized the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model, known for its excellent performance in various fields, to predict the habitat probabilities of 11 bird species. Furthermore, we employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations technique, one of the representative methodologies of XAI, to analyze the relative importance and impact of the variables used in the model. The analysis results showed that in the EDC business district, as one moves closer to the river from the waterfront, the likelihood of bird habitat increases based on the overlapping habitat probabilities of the analyzed bird species. By synthesizing the major variables influencing the habitat of each species, key variables such as rivers, rice fields, fields, pastures, inland wetlands, tidal flats, orchards, cultivated lands, cliffs & rocks, elevation, lakes, and deciduous forests were identified as areas that can serve as habitats, shelters, resting places, and feeding grounds for birds. On the other hand, artificial structures such as bridges, railways, and other public facilities were found to have a negative impact on bird habitat. The development of a management plan for conservation areas based on the objective analysis presented in this study is expected to be extensively utilized in the future. It will provide diverse evidential materials for establishing effective conservation area management strategies.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.508-525
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• 2019

풍혈지는 특수한 국소적인 저온 환경으로 인해 북방계 식물들이 온대지역의 해발고도가 낮은 지대에서도 분포하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 본 연구는 한반도 주요 풍혈지 15개소에 대한 선태식물 종조성을 밝히고, 종다양성의 패턴분석 및 식물지리학적 중요성을 고찰하고자 한다. 풍혈지의 선태식물상 조사결과, 59과 138속 226종 2아종 5변종의 총 233분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 가운데 북방계 선태식물은 검정이끼, 담뱃대이끼, 된서리이끼, 수풀이끼, 겉창발이끼 등이 풍혈지에서 생육하고 있었다. 국내(남한)에서 발견된 미기록종은 14분류군, 한반도에서 발견된 미기록종은 7분류군이었다. 지소별 유사도 분석결과, 환경 특성이 유사한 지소끼리 유사도 지수가 높게 나타남에 따라 각 풍혈지별 선태식물의 종조성은 지형과 미소 기후의 특성을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 풍혈지는 최후빙하기의 한반도의 기후, 식생 환경을 이해할 수 있는 직접적인 증거를 보유한 서식지(피난처)이지만 풍혈지의 식생은 어떠한 보호조치도 없이 인위적으로 훼손되고 있다. 풍혈지의 생물학적인 가치와 보전의 필요성을 인식하고 체계적이고 합리적인 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.192-201
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• 2015

Information on plant diversity and community structure are required to chalk out necessary actions for conservation management. The present study assessed the composition and diversity of tree species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh, during April 2010 to November 2011. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 72 genera and 37 families were recorded, where Moraceae family was represented by maximum (11) species. Density, Basal area and volume of tree species were $418{\pm}20.09stem/ha$, $21.10{\pm}2.62m^2/ha$ and $417.4{\pm}79.8m^3/ha$ respectively. Diameter and height class distribution of tree species revealed an almost reverse J-shaped curve. Both the number of species and percentage of tree individuals were maximum in the lower DBH and height ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances like illegal tree cutting, over extraction, settlement inside forest area etc. were noticed during the study, which are supposed to cause gradual decrease of both tree species and individuals in the higher DBH and height classes. However, Artocarpus chama was found dominant showing maximum IVI followed by Schima wallichii, Aporosa wallichii, and Lithocarpus acuminata. The quantitative structure of the tree species of Kamalachari natural forest is comparable to other tree species rich tropical natural forests. The findings of the study may help in monitoring future plant population changes of the identified species and adopting species specific conservation programs in Kamalachari natural forest.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2013

Phylogeographic and feeding ecological studies of seven terrestrial mustelid species (Carnivora, Mustelidae), the Japanese marten Martes melampus, the sable Martes zibellina, the Japanese badger Meles anakuma, the ermine or the stoat Mustela erminea, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi, the least weasel Mustela nivalis, and the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica, representing four biogeographic patterns in the Japanese archipelagos (Hokkaido, Honshu-Shikoku-Kyushu, Tsushima, and Hokkaido-Honshu), were reviewed in order to clarify causes for the faunal assemblage processes of those mustelid species in Japan. Here, three main constraints were extracted as important factors on the mustelid assemblage. First, fundamental evolutionary differences maintained by niche conservatism in each ecologically diversified lineage ("evolutionary constraint") would enable the species to co-occur without any major problem (coexistence among Martes, Meles, and Mustela species). Second, "ecological constraints" would force two closely related species to be allopatric by competitive exclusion (Mu. itatsi and Mu. sibirica) or to be sympatric by resource partitions (Mu. erminea and Mu. nivalis). Third and most importantly, "geological constraints" would allow specific species to be embraced by a particular geographic region, primarily deciding which species co-occurs. The allopatric distribution of two Martes species in Japan would have been established by the strong effect of the geological separation in Tsugaru Strait. Elucidating both phylogeny and ecology of co-existing species in a community assemblage is important to know which species possess distinct lineage and which ecological traits are adapted to local environments, fulfilling the requirement of the field of conservation biology that endemism and adaptation should both be considered. The Japanese archipelagos would, therefore, provide valuable insight into the conservation for small carnivoran species.

• 환경생물
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국 특산식물인 변산바람꽃(Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y. Sun)의 분포현황 및 서식지에 대한 생태적 특성과 식생에 대해 조사하고 분석함으로써 향후 자생식물을 활용한 자원화 및 보전과 복원의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 조사는 2010년 2월부터 7월까지 변산, 여수, 거제, 울산, 경주, 제주, 안양 등 7개 지역에서 수행되었다. 각 지역에 $1m{\times}1m$의 방형구를 총 59개 설치하고 방형구 내에 분포하는 모든 종의 피도와 빈도를 기록하였고, 상층부 교목의 우점종을 기록하고 서식지의 환경특성을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 변산바람꽃은 해발 84m~585 m 사이에 분포하였고, 총 59개 방형구 중 43개의 방형구가 북동사면에 위치하였다. 또한 경사 $10{\sim}20^{\circ}$의 계곡을 따라 불연속적으로 분포하였으며 토양분석결과 유기물은 평균 9.6%, pH는 4.9로 대부분 약산성이며 토양수분함량은 평균 16.5%로 나타났다. 고도에 대해 경사는 음의 상관관계를 보여 고도가 낮아질수록 경사가 완만해지며, 토양은 산성을 띄는 경향을 보였다. pH와 토양수분 함량, 변산바람꽃의 분포와 유기물은 정의 상관관계를 보여 수분이 풍부하고, 영양분의 공급이 원활한 지역을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 59개 방형구에서 144개 분류군이 나타났으며 서식지 주변의 교목으로서 고로쇠나무와 까치박달나무, 비목나무, 서어나무 등이 높은 빈도로 출현하였다. 이 연구 결과는 한국 특산식물인 변산바람꽃의 자생지 보전 및 복원의 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이며, 변산바람꽃을 활용한 분화용 소재개발 및 재배 시 최적의 서식환경에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

This study was carried out for management of the invasive alien plants in Mt. Inwang located in central Seoul. The invasive alien plants are 11 families, 34 genera, 30 taxa, and they are 10.8% of the total vascular plants(314 taxa). The ecosystem disturbed plants designated by the Korea environment ministry are 6 taxa : Rumex acetosella, Lactuca scariola, Ambrosia trifida var. trifida, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Eupatorium rugosum. In the life-form, herbaceous perennials are 13 taxa(35.3%). In the continent of origin, the species from America are 20 taxa(58.8%). In the introduction time, the species of third period are 14 taxa(41.2%). In the diffusion grade, 5 grade species are 14 taxa(41.2%) and they are wide spread species. Mt. Inwang was designated as ecological scenery conservation area of Seoul in 2007. But Mt. Inwang is in high danger by the spread of invasive alien plants and ecosystem disturbed plants, due to artificial factors such as development pressure and the occurrence of byway trail. Therefore, Mt. Inwang needs systematic management of invasive alien plants and monitoring of long-term changes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2003

Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt (Umbelliferae) is a short-lived herbaceous species that are mostly distributed throughout East Asia. Although G. littoralis has been regarded as ecologically important one, there is no report on population structure in Korea. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the allozyme variation and genetic structure of Korean populations of this species. A high level of genetic variation was found in G. littoral is populations. Nine enzymes revealed 18 loci, of which 12 were polymorphic (66.7%). Genetic diversity at the species and population levels were 0.159 and 0.129, respectively. The sexual and asexual reproduction, high fecundity, and colonization process are proposed as possible factors contributing to genetic diversity. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm = 1.45) indicated that gene flow was not extensive among Korean populations of this species. It is suggested that the ability of vegetation and artificial selection may have played roles in shaping the population structure of this species. we recommend that a desirable conservation population should be included at least 30 plants per population and especially those with high variation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2015

공주 마곡사 대웅보전은 17세기 조선시대 건축양식을 잘 보여주는 건축물이다. 본 연구의 목적은 건축에 쓰인 목부재의 수종을 분석하는 것이며, 연구를 위하여 기둥, 창방, 평방, 추녀, 사래, 활주 총 42개의 시료를 조사하였다. 수종분석 결과 기둥, 창방, 평방, 활주는 모두 소나무류(경송류)로 식별되었다. 그러나 추녀는 느티나무 또는 은행나무였으며, 사래는 외래산 소나무류로 확인되어 다른 부재와 차이를 보였다. 이는 지붕부 부재가 다른 부재에 비해 교체율이 높은 것과 관련이 있다고 판단된다. 특히 사래에 사용된 외래산 소나무류는 근래 보수 시에 사용된 것으로 추정된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.12-26
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• 1992

Ilsan peat-bed site, newly constructed city area, is located at the northern part of Seoul. This site is situated near the mouth of Han river, which flows through central Korea. Many fossil woods were excavated from this site, and surveyed the wood anatomical features. Totally 90 specimens were identified into 10 species including two roots and five barks which were not identified in detail. Alnus japonica and A. maxmowiczii are the most common and occupied 26. 7%, 34.4% of the total specimen number respectively, and then other species which excavated from Ilsan area are follows : Fraxinus rhynchophylla(18.9%), Lepido-balanus spp.(3.3%), Maackia amurensis(2.2%), Diospyros spp.(2.2%), Juglans mandshrica(1.1%), Prunophora spp.(1.1%), Malus or Pyrus spp.(1.1%), Rhamnus spp.(1.1%). Among the identified species there are fairly some species growing in the central - or northern temperate zone, such as A. maxmowiczii, F. rhynchophylla, Lepidobalanus spp., M. amurnsis, J. mandshurica, Rhumnus spp. Therefore, it can be estimated that the former temperature of Ilsan area was same or slightly cold than today. The species bearing fruit for food as .J, mandshunca, Diospyros spp., Prunophora spp., Mulus or Pyrus spp. were regarded as artificially planting trees, because they do not grow together in the same site.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2018

Genetic assessments of rare and endangered species are among the first steps necessary to establish the proper management of natural populations. Transcriptome-derived single-sequence repeat markers were developed for the Korean endangered species Astilboides tabularis (Saxifragaceae) to assess its genetic diversity. A total of 96 candidate microsatellite loci were isolated based on transcriptome data using Illumina pair end sequencing. Of these, 26 were polymorphic, with one to five alleles per locus in 60 individuals from three populations of A. tabularis. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.950 and from 0.000 to 0.741, respectively. These polymorphic transcriptome-derived simple sequence repeat markers would be invaluable for future studies of population genetics and for ecological conservation of the endangered species A. tabularis.