• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Utilizing a new version of the sunspot number and group sunspot number dataset available since 2015, we have statistically studied the relationship between solar activity parameters describing solar cycles and the slope of the linear relationship between the monthly sunspot numbers and the monthly number of active days in percentage (AD). As an effort of evaluating possibilities in use of the number of active days to predict solar activity, it is worthwhile to revisit and extend the analysis performed earlier. In calculating the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient r, the Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient rs, and the Kendall's τ coefficient with the rejection probability, we have calculated the slope for a given solar cycle in three different ways, namely, by counting the spotless day that occurred during the ascending phase and the descending phase of the solar cycle separately, and during the period corresponding to solar minimum ± 2 years as well. We have found that the maximum solar sunspot number of a given solar cycle and the duration of the ascending phase are hardly correlated with the slope of a linear function of the monthly sunspot numbers and AD. On the other hand, the duration of a solar cycle is found to be marginally correlated with the slope with the rejection probabilities less than a couple of percent. We have also attempted to compare the relation of the monthly sunspot numbers with AD for the even and odd solar cycles. It is inconclusive, however, that the slopes of the linear relationship between the monthly group numbers and AD are subject to the even and odd solar cycles.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.24
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• pp.1-44
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• 1996

This study is to analyze correlations between 10 factors related to university libraries and the number of professional staff, nonprofessional staff, and total library staff of university libraries in Korea and United States of America. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. In the case of Korea, there are high positive correlations between the number of total library staff and 7 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.76-0.99) ; between the number of professional staff and 7 of 10 variables, same as the above (coefficient : 0.76-0.99) ; between the number of nonprofessional staff and 4 of 10 variables (coefficient 0.73-0.93). In the case of America, there are high positive correlations between the number of total library staff and 6 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.74-0.97) ; between the number of professional staff and 5 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.78-0.87): between the number of nonprofessional staff and 6 of 10 variables (coefficient : 0.73-0., 96). 2. All the. rank orders of correlation coefficients of two countries show little significant difference, by the results of the Spearman's Rank Order Correlation analysis (coefficient : total staff, 0.9152: professional staff, 0.8667 ; nonprofessional staff, 0.9030) 3. In the case of Korea, among the above factors, correlations of the total university expenditure and the library expenditure show a significant difference more than ones of the other factors. On the other hand, in the case of American professional staff, the correlations of the library expenditure, the library materials expenditure and the volumes in library show a significant difference more than ones of the other factors, while in the case of American nonprofessional staff, only the library expenditure shows a significant difference more than the others. 4. In the results of the correlation analysis between the professional staff and nonprofessional staff in Korea, the number of graduate enrollments, volumes in library, library expenditure and total university expenditure show higher positive correlation to the professional staff than the nonprofessional staff. However, in the case of America, the library expenditure and the library materials expenditure show higher positive correlation to the nonprofessional staff than the professional staff, while the university expenditure per student shows higher positive correlation to the professional staff. 5. In the results of the correlation analysis between Korea and America, in the case of the total library staff, the undergraduate enrollments, the total university expenditure and the library expenditure show higher positive correlation to Korea than America, and in the case of the professional staff, the graduate, enrollments, the volumes in library and the above 3 factors also show higher positive correlation to Korea than America. But in the case of the nonprofessional staff, the graduate enrollments, the volumes in library and library materials expenditure show higher correlation to America than Korea, while the total university expenditure shows the o n.0, pposit phenomenon of the above. And the other factors by the type of staff are little significant difference between two countries.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 1993

To obtain a clear understanding of the degree of effect by the food color in diet habits, this study was a survey of the taste for food color. In this study, the term of investigation was tow months(May and Jun. 1992), the object was 10's∼50's women, and the sampling of them at random contain 100 person, respectively. The data-treatment was determinded by frequency, percentage, SD, Chi-square, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, Correlation, F-test as measured by SAS program for PC and statistical figures were obtained by GDAS. The results were as follows; 1. Food color in diet habits. : The relationship of food color with appetite by age group was showed to affect all age groups having more then 90%. The concern for food color by age group showed the lowst teenage having 56.7%, showing more then 70% except teenage. When chosen food, The most important characteristics of food was not age group but taste. In the correlation between characteristics, The correlation between color and form, taste and nutrition was showed affirmative. The difference test for the taste of food color and general color was shown, and the level of significance was chosen at 95%. 2. In the correlation between food color and the sense of emotion, The food color of depression and solitude was purple, the color of sadness and crying was white. But in case of only solitude, A statistical significance was shown. 3. In the investigation of taste for food color, the mean of taste degree was high in red, orange, yellow, yellowish green, green, white and low in blue, black. Their statistical significance was shown between colors but, was not shown between age groups. 4. In the relation of food color and associated with food, the colors of associated with food shown a vast difference with natural food color were blue(85.5%), purple(80.0%), pink(41.7%) and yellow(40.0%) but, A red color was not shown the error rate of associated with food color at all. Almost all kinds of associated with food were fruits and vegetables.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1989

This paper presents examples of the computer-aided zonation and correlation of pollen data from the Late-glacial to Holocene stratigraphic sequences at four sites in central Iowa, U.S.A. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient matrix and first four components of Principal components analysis plotted in a stratigraphic order are combined to provide an excellent zonation of the pollen data at each site. Correlation of the four pollen sequences are conducted by Principal components analysis of the data sets combined in one. The first and second principal components successfully provide correlation lines that match fairly closely the zone boundaries of each pollen sequence. The third and fourth components, in contrast, are greatly different from site to site, representing the unique pollen assemblages at each site.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-268
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the stages of calcification of various teeth and skeletal maturity stages among Korean subjects. The samples were derived from hand-wrist, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms of 743 subjects (359 males and 384 females) with ages ranging from 6 to 14 years. Calcification of seven permanent mandibular teeth on the left side were rated according to the system of Demirjian. To evaluate the stage of skeletal maturation, hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed by skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) system of Fishman and lateral cephalograms by cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method of Baccetti. Statistically significant relationships were found between dental calcification and skeletal maturity stages according to Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients (r = 0.40-0.84, p < 0.001). The second molar showed the highest correlation and central incisor showed the lowest correlation for female and male subjects. For both sexes, canine stage G and second molar stage F were related to SMI 6 and CS 3. Because of the high correlation coefficients, this study suggests that tooth calcification stages from panoramic radiographs might be clinically useful as a maturity indicator of the pubertal growth period in Korean patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.348-359
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs) and the importance of their roles at the Regional Clinical Trial Centers (RCTCs). Method: A questionnaire focused on the role of CRNs was crafted by a researcher and the content validity was verified by a panel of experts on clinical research. The subjects of this study were 91 CRNs and Clinical Research Coordinators (CRCs), who were Korean registered nurses working at nine RCTCs. 77 subjects yielded valid data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The performance of CRNs and the recognition in the importance of their roles were statistically significant different in age, education, CRN careers, positions, employment status and the phase of clinical trial. The role of direct caregiver was performed most often by CRNs. The role of coordinator of care and research (pre-study) was considered the most important role but performed the least frequent. Conclusions: The role of CRNs can easily be differentiated from CRCs who are not registered nurses. The domains of CRNs should be clearly identified and established. Moreover, research should be carried out on CRN training programs to cultivate competence in CRNs.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2011

Oliver flounder population density affect Oliver flounder growth and mortality rate. In laboratory pilot experiment, Oliver flounder growth rate is inversely proportional to stocking density. But previous study has not proved external validity. This study is aimed to analyze the effect of stocking density on the Oliver flounder culture farms in Jeju Island. In order to do this, I selected 13 farms in Jeju island as a sample. In the study, various analytical methods including productivity analysis, regression analysis, statistical analysis were conducted for 13 Oliver flounder culture farms. The result of analysis can be summarized as follows. First, in case of the Oliver flounder culture farms, Bertalanffy equation is not applicable to the Oliver flounder growth. Second, the Oliver flounder stocking density, defined as the surface area of Oliver flounder per $m^2$ of water surface area, is preferred to density definition defined as the weight of Oliver flounder per $m^2$ of water surface area on the Oliver Flounder Culture Farms case. Third, growth rate and production weight on the Oliver flounder culture farms are inversely proportional to stocking density on spearman rank correlation test. When extensive comparable biological and culture condition data become available, analysis model can be easily modified to yield more accurate results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.92-103
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• 2009

The study is interested in the consumer's mixed choice of the internet and the offline stores. Therefore the purpose of study is to investigate if the clothing shopping orientation of consumers varies when they shop internet and offline, instead of classifying consumers into internet shoppers and offline shoppers. For the purpose, quantitative survey was carried out using 201 questionnaires from men and women in their twenties. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient, t-test, and frequency analysis. The results are as following. First, the clothing shopping orientation structures of offline and internet stores were different each other. As the result of factor analysis, positive, brand oriented, economic, convenient conformity, convenient impulsive factors were extracted from offline store and rational, enjoying, goal oriented, conformity, brand oriented, convenient impulsive purchase factors were extracted from internet store respectively. Second, as the results of investigating the relationship between the clothing shopping orientation structures of offline and internet stores, positive(off)-enjoying(on), brand oriented(off)-brand oriented(on), convenient conformity(off)-conformity(on) had strong correlation s and the rest were peculiar to the each store type. Specifically, the goal oriented factor peculiar to the internet store was noticeable. Third, as the results of investigating the differences between clothing shopping orientation of offline and internet stores, the ranks of strong orientation dimension were different between two channels. As well, the mean differences were significant in goal oriented, conformity, brand oriented, and convenient impulsive purchase dimensions. This study has the significance that it investigated the variance of clothing shopping orientation according to the mixed selection trend of internet/offline.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2020

Background: The classification of foot type can be commonly determined by the height of the media longitudinal arch. The normalized arch height (NAH) is defined as the ratio of navicular or instep heights to the foot length or instep length. Objects: This study investigated the relationships among foot characteristics, such as foot length (FL), instep length (IL), navicular height (NH), and instep height (IH), in Korean young adults. Also, the distribution of foot type based on calculated NAH was assessed. Methods: Three-dimensional foot scanning data of young adults aged 20 to 39 years (total: 1,978; 974 male, 1,004 female) were obtained from the Korea Technology Standards Institute, and used for analyses. NAH was calculated as the following: NH/FL, IH/FL, IH/IL, NH/IL. Spearman's rank order correlation was used to identify correlations among variables. The Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square test were used to compare the sex differences in foot characteristics and distribution of foot type. Results: FL and IL showed a very high correlation (r = 0.94). The correlations between FL or IL and IH (r = 0.50-0.57) were greater than those between FL or IL and NH (r = 0.23-0.72). Males had significantly larger values than females (p < 0.001), and the frequency of pes planus was significantly higher in females than in males (χ² = 50.09, p < 0.001). Based on the IH/IL index, the neutral foot, pes planus and pes cavus distributed by 16%, 78%, and 6% respectively. Conclusion: Our results on foot arch distribution could be used as basic data in clinical or footwear fields, and our data on differences in arch structure according to sex may facilitate understanding of why injury to the lower limbs differs between males and females.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to determine features of the relationship between human development, tourism and national brand. Research design, data and methodology: ranking indicators, cluster analysis, K means method, correlation analysis. Results: The analysis covers data for 95 countries for 2019. The number of countries is justified by the availability of comparable data for calculations. A direct relationship between the indicators for the entire sample has been revealed in the result of the correlation analysis. However, this relationship has not been confirmed for the groups of countries that were formed through the cluster analysis. Spearman Rank Order and Kendall Tau Correlations have been calculated for the five obtained clusters. In two of the five clusters, the relationship between the indicators has not been found. A strong negative link between all the indicators has been detected in the cluster with average index values. A strong positive link between TTCI and BSI has been revealed in the group of countries with the best index values. A strong positive link between TTCI and HDI has been found in the group of countries with the worst index values. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that there is a relationship between BSI, TTCI and HDI, and while this link is observed for the sample as a whole, it is not homogeneous for groups of countries.