Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2021.38.1.23

Active Days around Solar Minimum and Solar Cycle Parameter  

Chang, Heon-Young (Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences / v.38, no.1, 2021 , pp. 23-29 More about this Journal
Abstract
Utilizing a new version of the sunspot number and group sunspot number dataset available since 2015, we have statistically studied the relationship between solar activity parameters describing solar cycles and the slope of the linear relationship between the monthly sunspot numbers and the monthly number of active days in percentage (AD). As an effort of evaluating possibilities in use of the number of active days to predict solar activity, it is worthwhile to revisit and extend the analysis performed earlier. In calculating the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient r, the Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient rs, and the Kendall's τ coefficient with the rejection probability, we have calculated the slope for a given solar cycle in three different ways, namely, by counting the spotless day that occurred during the ascending phase and the descending phase of the solar cycle separately, and during the period corresponding to solar minimum ± 2 years as well. We have found that the maximum solar sunspot number of a given solar cycle and the duration of the ascending phase are hardly correlated with the slope of a linear function of the monthly sunspot numbers and AD. On the other hand, the duration of a solar cycle is found to be marginally correlated with the slope with the rejection probabilities less than a couple of percent. We have also attempted to compare the relation of the monthly sunspot numbers with AD for the even and odd solar cycles. It is inconclusive, however, that the slopes of the linear relationship between the monthly group numbers and AD are subject to the even and odd solar cycles.
Keywords
Sun; sunspot numbers; data analysis;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Javaraiah J, Long-Term variations in the solar differential rotation, Sol. Phys. 212, 23-49 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022912430585   DOI
2 Kim JH, Chang HY, Association between solar variability and teleconnection index, J. Astron. Space Sci. 36, 149-157 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2019.36.3.149   DOI
3 Kim KB, Kim JH, Chang HY, Do solar cycles share spectral properties with tropical cyclones that occur in the western north Pacific Ocean? J. Astron. Space Sci. 35, 151-161 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.151   DOI
4 Kovaltsov GA, Usoskin IG, Mursula K, An upper limit on sunspot activity during the Maunder minimum, Sol. Phys. 224, 95-101 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-005-4281-6   DOI
5 Le GM, Wang JL, Wavelet analysis of several important periodic properties in the relative sunspot numbers, Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. 3, 391-394 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-9271/3/5/391   DOI
6 Moon GH, Ha KY, Kang SH, Lee BH, Kim KB, et al., Acidity in precipitation and solar north-south asymmetry, J. Astron. Space Sci. 31, 325-333 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2014.31.4.325   DOI
7 Berghmans D, van der Linden RAM, Vanlommel P, Warnant R, Zhukov A, et al., Solar activity: nowcasting and forecasting at the SIDC, Ann. Geophys. 23, 3115-3128 (2005). https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-3115-2005   DOI
8 Chang HY, Maximum sunspot numbers and active days, J. Astron. Space Sci. 30, 163-168 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2013.30.3.163   DOI
9 Chang HY, Normalized cross-correlations of solar cycle and physical characteristics of cloud, J. Astron. Space Sci. 36, 225-234 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2019.36.4.225   DOI
10 Cho IH, Chang HY, Long term variability of the sun and climate change, J. Astron. Space Sci. 25, 395-404 (2008). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2008.25.4.395   DOI
11 Petrovay K, Solar cycle prediction, Living Rev. Sol. Phys. 7, 1-59 (2010). https://doi.org/10.12942/lrsp-2010-6   DOI
12 Nagovitsyn YuA, A nonlinear mathematical model for the solar cyclicity and prospects for reconstructing the solar activity in the past, Astron. Lett. 23, 742-748 (1997).
13 Park JH, Chang HY, Drought over seoul and its association with solar cycles, J. Astron. Space Sci. 30, 241-246 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2013.30.4.241   DOI
14 Pesnell WD, Solar cycle predictions, Sol. Phys. 281, 507-532 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-9997-5   DOI
15 Usoskin IG, A history of solar activity over millennia, Living Rev. Sol. Phys. 5, 3-88 (2008). https://doi.org/10.12942/lrsp2008-3   DOI
16 Clette F, Svalgaard L, Vaquero JM, Cliver EW, Revisiting the sunspot number: a 400-year perspective on the solar cycle, Space Sci. Rev. 186, 35-103 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-014-0074-2   DOI
17 Clette F, Svalgaard L, Vaquero JM, Cliver EW, Revisiting the sunspot number, in The Solar Activity Cycle: Physical Causes and Consequences, eds. Balogh A, Hudson H, Petrovay K, von Steiger R (Springer, New York, 2015), 35-103.
18 Solanki SK, Usoskin IG, Kromer B, Schussler M, Beer J, Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years, Nature. 431, 1084-1087 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02995   DOI
19 Svalgaard L, Schatten KH, Reconstruction of the sunspot group number: the backbone method, Sol. Phys. 291, 2653-2684 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0815-8   DOI
20 Svensmark H, Enghoff MB, Shaviv NJ, Svensmark J, Increased ionization supports growth of aerosols into cloud condensation nuclei, Nat. Comm. 8, 2199 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02082-2   DOI
21 Usoskin IG, Kovaltsov GA, Lockwood M, Mursula K, Owens M, et al., A New calibrated sunspot group series since 1749: statistics of active day fractions, Sol. Phys. 291, 2685-2708 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0838-1   DOI
22 Usoskin IG, Mursula K, Kovaltsov GA, Cyclic behaviour of sunspot activity during the maunder minimum, Astron. Astrophys. 354, L33-L36 (2000).
23 Gleissberg W, The probable behaviour of sunspot cycle 21, Sol. Phys. 21, 240-245 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00155794   DOI
24 Cliver EW, Ling AG, The discontinuity circa 1885 in the group sunspot number, Sol. Phys. 291, 2763-2784 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0841-6   DOI
25 Eddy JA, The maunder minimum, Science. 192, 1189-1202 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.192.4245.1189   DOI
26 Forbush SE, World-wide cosmic ray variations, 1937-1952, J. Geophys. Res. 59, 525-542 (1954). https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ059i004p00525   DOI
27 Hamid RH, Galal AA, Preliminary prediction of the strength of the 24th 11-year solar cycle, vol. 233, Solar activity and its magnetic origin, Proceedings of the IAU Symposium, Cambridge, UK, 3 Apr 2006, 413-416.
28 Harvey KL, White OR, What is solar cycle minimum? J. Geophys. Res. 104, 19759-19764 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900211   DOI
29 Howe R, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Hill F, Komm RW, Larsen RM, et al., Dynamic variations at the base of the solar convection zone, Science 287, 2456-2460 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5462.2456   DOI
30 Hoyt DV, Schatten KH, Group sunspot numbers: a new solar activity reconstruction, Sol. Phys. 179, 189-219 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005007527816   DOI
31 Vaquero JM, Vazquez M, The Sun Recorded through History: Scientific Data Extracted from Historical Documents (Springer, Berlin, 2009).
32 Usoskin IG, Mursula K, Kovaltsov GA, Heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays and solar activity during the Maunder minimum, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 16039-16046 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000105   DOI
33 Vaquero JM, Historical sunspot observations: a review, Adv. Space Res. 40, 929-941 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.087   DOI
34 Vaquero JM, Svalgaard L, Carrasco VMS, Clette F, Lefèvre L, et al., A revised collection of sunspot group numbers, Sol. Phys. 291, 3061-3074 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-016-0982-2   DOI
35 Vaquero JM, Trigo RM, Gallego MC, A simple method to check the reliability of annual sunspot number in the historical period 1610-1847, Sol. Phys. 277, 389-395 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9901-8   DOI