• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of menopausal symptom and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and heart rate varibility(HRV). Methods: From 11th April 2011 to 20th May 2011, a total 30 female subjects (age 41-60) was recruited. We evaluated the degree of menopausal symptoms by Kupperman' s index and measured subject's WBC differential count and HRV. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation test using SPSS/PC ver 13.0 program. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV among 4 classified groups according to Kupperman's index.- Mild, Moderate, Severe and Urgent. 2. Granulocyte ratio and general symptom score(within Kupperman's index) significantly showed negative correlation coefficient(r=-0.499, p=0.005), and Lymphocyte ratio and general symptom score significantly showed positive correlation coefficient (r=0.374, p=0.042). 3. Granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV showed no significant correlation. Conclusions: There was no significant relation among the degree of menopausal symptoms and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and HRV. But furthermore large scale study is required.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic and job characteristics and job satisfaction of sonographers (SONO) and radiological technologists (RT). The subjects were a total of 148 people (69 SONO, 79 RT), who had been working in clinical and hospitals. The method was conducted using a questionnaire with a total of 54 questions consisting of demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and job satisfaction. Reliability was secured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 or higher for the response of the questionnaire. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, cross-analysis, independent sample T-test, and correlation analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's correlation coefficient were performed for each occupation. As a result, first, the SONO had more female workers than RT. They are more than three times as many in graduate school and above. Second, the SONO had 4.5 times more morning shift than the RT and no form of weekend shift. Third, the average monthly salary of the SONO is higher than that of the RT, but when a certain portion of the salary goes up, the salary no longer goes up. Fourth, satisfaction with expectations, growth desire, positive mentality, growth opportunity, job importance, organizational attachment was higher SONO than the RT, but self-efficacy was higher in RT than SONO. Last, SONO had higher educational background than RT. It is hoped that the results of this study will be able to understand the job characteristics of SONO and RT and identify the factors of job satisfaction and provide them as fundamental materials for job selection.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.45-60
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment translated in Korean. This measures the physical impairments and disabilities that impact on the lives of individuals with stroke. The purposes of this measure were 1) to stage motor recovery to classify individuals in terms of clinical characteristics, 2) to predict rehabilitation outcomes, and 3) to measure clinically important change in physical function. Twenty-two subjects from physical therapy unit were assessed by two physical therapists. The ratings were compared by Spearman's rank correlation The correlation between two raters ranged from 0.85 to 0.98. Inter-rater reliability coefficient for total scores ranged from 0.95 to 0.97. This study confirms that the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment yields reliable results.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
• /
• 제73권12호
• /
• pp.1849-1854
• /
• 2018

The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of using a simple nonlinear acoustic method for the assessment of bone status and osteoporosis in trabecular bone. Correlations of linear and nonlinear ultrasound parameters with the apparent bone density were obtained in 32 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between the apparent bone density and the two linear ultrasound parameters, the speed of sound (SOS) and the normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation (nBUA), with Spearman's correlation coefficients of r = 0.85 and 0.77. In contrast, the apparent bone density was found to be negatively correlated with the nonlinear ultrasound parameter introduced in the present study, the logarithmic difference between the power spectrum levels of the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic (PSL1-PSL2), with the highest correlation coefficient of r = -0.92. These results suggest that the PSL1-PSL2, in addition to the SOS and the nBUA, may be useful for the assessment of bone status and osteoporosis.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2022

The analysis of seven islands in Gogunsan archipelago, Korea with insect fauna and vascular plant flora was carried out based on a field survey conducted in May, July, and September. As a result, a total of 2,817 insect individuals including 264 species and 315 taxa of vascular plant were recorded. Bangchukdo the largest island among the seven islands showed the largest number both insect species and plant taxa. The similarity analysis suggested that the nearness of each island strongly affected the insect fauna and vascular plant flora on each island. In addition, there was significant correlation between the areas of each island and the numbers of insect species (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.857, P-value=0.014). In the future, the results of this study can be used as data related to island ecology and conservation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2305-2312
• /
• 2012

시대의 변화에 따른 IT 기술의 급속한 발전은 전반적인 산업영역에서 예전보다 쉽게 정보를 취득하고 가공할 수 있는 여건을 형성하고 있다. 최근 각광 받고 있는 SNS의 변화를 살펴보면 스마트폰 이용이 대중화되면서 마케팅 툴로서의 가치가 더욱 급부상하고 있다. 본 연구는 패션 마케팅 분야에서 새로운 시장으로 떠오르고 있는 Facebook 활용 사례를 연구하였다. 패션업체 10곳을 선정하여 활동지표의 기준이 되는 '게시글', 'like this', 'people talking about this' '이벤트'를 중심으로 페이스북 페이지를 연구하였고 spearman 순위 상관계수를 이용하여 위 지표들 간의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 '게시글'과 'like this'의 관계는 높은 상관관계를 보여 주었고 다른 요인들 사이에서는 상관관계를 확인할 수 없었다. 페이스북 페이지를 이용한 마케팅은 소비자와 업체와의 소통이 기존 매체에 비해 원활하였는데 이는 SNS의 마케팅의 이용이 기존의 마케팅의 한계였던 소통의 벽을 넘을 수 있음을 보여주는 결과였다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.18-34
• /
• 1999

Nurse's caring behaviors are essential to help patients cope with their health problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of nurse's caring behaviors as perceived by staff nurses and patients. The subjects were 295 staff nurses and 340 patients from five medical centers in Taegu. Data collection was done from Dec. 10, 1997 to Jan. 31, 1998. The tool for this study was a 7 point Likert type scale with 27 earing behaviors developed by Lee(1996). Cronbach alpha of the tool was .9701 in staff nurses and .9618 in patients. Data were analyzed with SAS using t-test, ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation program. The results are as follows : 1. The a verage score of perceived importance of nurse's taring behaviors for the 27 items was 5.65 in staff nurses and 4.97 in patients. 2. The most important caring behaviors perceived by the nurses was 'Nurse gives painless and cautious injection and treatment for patients' and for the patients, 'Nurse gives hygienic treatment and nursing care'. 3. The caring behavior which showed a significant difference between the ranks of perceived importance by staff nurses and patients was 'to treat the patient with tenderness and friendship'. 4. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the ranks of importance perceived by staff nurses and patients was 0.8302. With the results of this study, the staff nurses could be recognized to have much enthusiasm and passion about caring. It is suggested that nurses let the public know about the nurses' caring roles. In the future, research to investigate the actual practice of nurses' caring behavior is necessary.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2013

Parameters associated with solar minimum have been studied to relate them to solar activity at solar maximum so that one could possibly predict behaviors of an upcoming solar cycle. The number of active days has been known as a reliable indicator of solar activity around solar minimum. Active days are days with sunspots reported on the solar disk. In this work, we have explored the relationship between the sunspot numbers at solar maximum and the characteristics of the monthly number of active days. Specifically, we have statistically examined how the maximum monthly sunspot number of a given solar cycle is correlated with the slope of the linear relationship between monthly sunspot numbers and the monthly number of active days for the corresponding solar cycle. We have calculated the linear correlation coefficient r and the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient $r_s$ for data sets prepared under various conditions. Even though marginal correlations are found, they turn out to be insufficiently significant (r ~ 0.3). Nonetheless, we have confirmed that the slope of the linear relationship between monthly sunspot numbers and the monthly number of active days is less steep when solar cycles belonging to the "Modern Maximum" are considered compared with rests of solar cycles. We conclude, therefore, that the slope of the linear relationship between monthly sunspot numbers and the monthly number of active days is indeed dependent on the solar activity at its maxima, but that this simple relationship should be insufficient as a valid method to predict the following solar activity amplitude.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2021

Objective: To compare and correlate the findings of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging in characterizing parotid gland tumors. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 56 patients with parotid gland tumors evaluated by MR imaging. The true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D^*), and fraction of perfusion (f) values of IVIM imaging and tumor-to-parotid gland signal intensity ratio (SIR) on ASL imaging were calculated. Spearman rank correlation coefficient, chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests with the post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni method and receiver operating characteristic curve assessments were used for statistical analysis. Results: Malignant parotid gland tumors showed significantly lower D than benign tumors (p = 0.019). Within subgroup analyses, pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) showed significantly higher D than malignant tumors (MTs) and Warthin's tumors (WTs) (p < 0.001). The D^* of WTs was significantly higher than that of PAs (p = 0.031). The f and SIR on ASL imaging of WTs were significantly higher than those of MTs and PAs (p < 0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between SIR on ASL imaging and f (r = 0.446, p = 0.001). In comparison with f, SIR on ASL imaging showed a higher area under curve (0.853 vs. 0.891) in discriminating MTs from WTs, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.720). Conclusion: IVIM and ASL imaging could help differentiate parotid gland tumors. SIR on ASL imaging showed a significantly positive correlation with f. ASL imaging might hold potential to improve the ability to discriminate MTs from WTs.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between the pulse energy and hot flush in women who complain of climacteric syndrome. Methods: We analyzed the values of pulse energy on 78 of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The symptoms of patients were assessed by Kupperman’s index (KI) and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Statistical analysis was performed by Spearman correlation coefficient and student T-test, using SPSS 18.0 for window program. Results: The results were as follows. 1. There were no statistically significant relation between pulse energy of left Cheok subtracted from left Chon and KI, MRS hot flush score. 2. When divided depending on MRS hot flush score, There were no statistically significant differences on pulse energy. Conclusions: The results suggest that there is no correlation between hot flush score and pulse energy.