• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3524-3531
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• 2010

In order to supply suitable services to users in ubiquitous computing environments, it is important to consider both location and time information which is related to all object and user's activity. To do this, in this paper, we design a spatial-temporal ontology considering user context and propose a system architecture for active mining user activity and service pattern. The proposed system is a framework for active mining user activity and service pattern by considering the relation between user context and object based on trigger system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2016

The object of this study was to determine long-term temporal and spatial patterns of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, and chlorophyll (Chl) in Chungju Reservoir, based on the dataset of 1992 - 2013, and then to develop the empirical models of nutrient-Chl for predicting the eutrophication of the reservoir. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were largely affected by an intensity of Asian monsoon and the longitudinal structure of riverine (Rz), transition (Tz), and lacustrine zone (Lz). This system was nitrogen-rich system and phosphorus contents in the water were relatively low, implying a P-limiting system. Regression analysis for empirical model, however, showed that Chl had a weak linear relation with TP or TN, and this was mainly associated with turbid, and nutrient-rich inflows in the system. The weak relation was associated with non-algal light attenuation coefficients (Kna), which is inversely related water residence time. Thus, values of Chl had negative functional relation (R² = 0.25, p < 0.001) with nonalgal light attenuation. Thus, the low chlorophyll at a given TP indicated a light-limiting for phytoplankton growth and total suspended solids (TSS) was highly correlated (R² = 0.94, p < 0.001) with non-algal light attenuation. The relations of Trophic State Index (TSI) indicated that phosphorus limitation was weak [TSI (Chl) - TSI (TP) < 0; TSI (SD) - TSI (Chl) > 0] and the effects of zooplankton grazing were also minor [TSI (Chl) - TSI (TP) > 0; TSI (SD) - TSI (Chl) > 0].

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.50
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• pp.65-100
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of deviation in urban music festival through the theories and a case study. A deviation help contemporary people in the routine of daily life to give a lot of energy. Such a deviation is strongly experienced from the festival. So it is important to study the patterns of deviation in urban festival. For this purpose, the relation between deviation and festival is examined first. And then the patterns of deviation in festival are drawn from the preceding research and case studies. The patterns of deviation in festival are identified as spatio-temporal deviation, active deviation, and situational deviation. Spatio-temporal deviation is divided into non-dailiness, space separation, and space appropriation. Active deviation is divided into make-over and expression. Situational deviation is divided into overturning and new meeting. This patterns of deviation applies to case study of ACC world music festival held in Gwangju metropolitan city with a content analysis methodology. The research finding is that Spatio-temporal deviation is most evident in ACC world music festival, on the other hand active deviation and situational deviation are weak or no evident. It is expected that various deviant elements presented in this study will be used strategically in festival planning to help strengthen the festivity of modern urban festivals.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand spatio-temporal changes of active fungal biomass and water in Tricholoma matsutake soil colonies during the mushroom fruiting season. The active fungal biomass was estimated by analyzing ergosterol content at four different points within four replicated locations in a single circular T. matsutake colony at Ssanggok valley in the Sogri Mt. National Park in Korea during 2003 to 2005. The four points were the ahead of the colony, the front edge of the colony and 20 cm and 40 cm back from the front edge of the colony. Ergosterol content was 0.0 to 0.7 ${\mu}g$ per gram dried soil at the ahead, 2.5 to 4.8 ${\mu}g$ at the front edge, 0.5 to 1.8 ${\mu}g$ at the 20 cm back and 0.3 to 0.8 ${\mu}g$ at the 40 cm back. The ergosterol content was very high at the front edge where the T. matsutake hyphae were most active. However, ergosterol content did not significantly change during the fruiting season, September to October. Soil water contents were lower at the front edge and 20 cm back from the front edge of the colony than at the ahead and 40 cm back during the fruiting season. Soil water content ranged from 12 to 19% at the ahead, 10 to 11% at the edge, 9 to 11% at the 20 cm back and 11 to 15% at the 40 cm back. Our results suggest that the active front edge of the T. matsutake soil colony could be managed in terms of water relation and T. matsutake ectomycorrhizal root development.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.251-266
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• 1996

In this paper, we design MHEG engine that can generate MHEG objects and present It to the users in Multimedia/Hypermedia Applications In the MHEG engine, the transmitted MHEG objects decoded into internal format. For the easy interpretation of MHEG objects, we define internal format as to be matched for each MHEG object. We easily processobjectinformation using the tree data structure because object inheritance and possession can be represented in tree structure. Object inheritance and possession must be represented in the internal format because they used in resolving the reference to external objector data file. The presentation synchronization extracts the synchronization information from MHEG composite objects, representing and controlling heterogencous media associated to spatio- temporal relation. In order to exactly represent the spatio-temporal synchronization included into MHEG composite object, we propose the algorithm that processes synchronization using the message of the synchronization module and the internal objects. MHEG engine proposed in this paper may be basic technology fro multimedia application area using Korea New Net.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

This study is to construe the spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and the changes of climatical regions by analyzing a climate change in Korea peninsular. We used daily mean air temperature data which were collected in South and North climate stations for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature maps of 500m resolution with Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of mean temperature was $0.5{\sim}1.2^{\circ}C$ in urban areas such as Seoul, metropolitan and cities which had a rapid urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, cities such as Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, and Hesan had the same pattern.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2017

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day-Night Band (VIIRS-DNB) data provides a much higher capability for observing and quantifying nighttime light (NTL) brightness in comparison with Defense Meteorological Satellite-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) data. In South Korea, there is little research on the detection of NTL brightness change using VIIRS-DNB data. This study analyzed the spatial distribution and change of NTL brightness between 2013 and 2016 using VIIRS-DNB data, and detected its spatial relation with possible influencing factors using regression models. The intra-year seasonality of NTL brightness in 2016 was also studied by analyzing the deviation and change clusters, as well as the influencing factors. Results are as follows: 1) The higher value of NTL brightness in 2013 and 2016 is concentrated in Seoul and its surrounding cities, which positively correlated with population density and residential areas, economic land use, and other factors; 2) There is a decreasing trend of NTL brightness from 2013 to 2016, which is obvious in Seoul, with the change of population density and area of industrial buildings as the main influencing factors; 3) Areas in Seoul, and some surrounding areas have high deviation of the intra-year NTL brightness, and 71% of the total areas have their highest NTL brightness in January, February, October, November and December; and 4) Change of NTL brightness between summer and winter demonstrated a significantly positive relation with snow cover area change, and a slightly and significantly negative relation with albedo change.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2017

The permafrost active layer plays an important role in permafrost dynamics. Ecological patterns, processes, and water and ice contents in the active layer are spatially and temporally complex depending on landscape heterogeneity and local-scale variations in hydrological processes. Although there has been emerging interest in the application of optical remote sensing techniques to permafrost environments, optical sensors are significantly limited in accessing information on near surface geo-cryological conditions. The primary objective of this study was to investigate capability of L-band SAR data for monitoring spatio-temporal variability of permafrost ecosystems and underlying soil conditions. This study exploits information from different polarimetric SAR observables in relation to permafrost environmental conditions. Experimental results show that each polarimetric radar observable conveys different information on permafrost environments. In the case of the dual-pol mode, the radar observables consist of two backscattering powers and one correlation coefficient between polarimetric channels. Among them, the dual-pol scattering powers are highly sensitive to freeze/thaw transition and can discriminate grasslands or ponds in thermokarst area from other permafrost ecosystems. However, it is difficult to identify the ground conditions with dual-pol observables. Additional backscattering powers and correlation coefficients obtained from quad-pol mode help understanding seasonal variations ofradar scattering and assessing geo-cryological information on soil layers. In particular, co-pol coherences atHV-basis and circular-basis were found to be very usefultools for mapping and monitoring near surface soil properties.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1046-1054
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• 2013

Spatial and temporal variations of sea surface temperature (SST), abundances of copepods, euphausiids, amphipods, and chaetognaths were investigated in the western waters of the Korean Peninsula. Zooplankton and SST were monitored at 63 stations arrayed in six transects ($124^{\circ}00^{\prime}-126^{\circ}30^{\prime}E$, $34^{\circ}00^{\prime}-37^{\circ}00^{\prime}N$) in February, April, June, August, October, and December during 1978-2010. In general, SST increased $0.7-3.8^{\circ}C$ during the last three decades with spatio-temporal variations. SST was lowest in February and highest in August. SST was highest in the northernmost transect and declined gradually along transects to the south. The general pattern of interannual variations of SST was similar to the global pattern, which has been increasing. Trends of abundances of all zooplankton groups slightly increased interannually and peaked seasonally in June and August, except chaetognaths, which fluctuated around the long-term mean value with a seasonal peak in August and October. Abundances of zooplankton groups were highest in the northernmost transect while those of euphausiids were highest in the southern transect. We discuss the distribution patterns of SST and zooplankton groups in relation to oceanographic characteristics in the study area.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.25 no.B
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• pp.89-97
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• 2005

Application of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is introduced to study wind speed and building roof pressures of flow separation region. In this study, a detailed analysis of the approach wind flow, wind-induced building pressure and the relation between the two fields was carried out using the POD technique and CWT analysis. The results show potential of the application of POD and CWT in characterization of spatio-temporal and spectral properties of the approach wind and its induced dynamic pressure events. Some of findings resulting from the application of this analysis can be summarized as follows: (1) The POD first principal coordinate of the roof pressure in the separated shear layer is closely correlated with the longitudinal component of oncoming flow. (2) The CWT analysis suggests that the extreme peak pressure in the separated shear layer is due to condensed large-scale eddy motions.