• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

This study investigates whether urban expansion can act as a cause of the decline of the original city center through the Space Syntax methodology. The urban spatial structure analysis was conducted targeting the downtown area of Jeju-eupseong. The time points for longitudinal analysis were set at five points between 1914 and 2021 including the Japanese colonial period when the cadastral map was drawn up in Jeju City, and the urban spatial structure was analyzed and compared for each time point. ASA (Angular Segment Analysis) was used as a technique for urban spatial structure analysis. This study shows that urban expansion is a cause of the decline of the original downtown. The original city center has moved away from the center as the urban structural change due to the urban expansion. The urban structure of the eastern part of Jeju City has undergone a major transformation between 1914 and 2021. As the old Jeju area where the original city center was located is geographically in contact with the sea, urban sprawl has been made toward Halla Mountain and further to the south of Jeju. Accordingly, the city center has transformed from a monocentric to a polycentric structure. Due to the dynamics of the urban sprawl, the old downtown of Jeju became one of the peripheral neighbourhoods in the Greater Metropolitan of Jeju.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic understanding for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative progress of national protected areas, through the theoretical review of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in order to comply with recommendations of international community and to conserve biodiversity. As a result of the study, Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 sets out the specific contents that the Parties should achieve for protected areas by identifying them as temporal and spatial goals. The temporal goal, the time schedule for achieving the goal, is 2020, and the spatial goal is divided into quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals. The quantitative expansion goals present the target coverage of protected areas separately terrestrial and marine. The qualitative improvement goals include the target areas for conservation and five conservation considerations. The conservation targets focus on the important areas with regard to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The five conservation considerations mean effective management, equitable management, ecological representativeness, connectivity, and integration into the landscape and seascape for protected areas. Finally, it suggests that two tracks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs) should be used as conservation measures to build an integrated system. The results of this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods for protected areas and it can contribute to achieve quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals for them.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual conditions of spatial composition of educational facilities by design process model. This article discuses about the characteristics of the floor plan composition and the site plan patterns of 49 middle and high schools in gyeongnam province. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) Comparing to traditional middle and high school facilities, it occurs various types of plane and the area is somewhat expanded in the school with same class size, however, it needs to improve facility standards in its reality to deal with the change of future educational environment actively. 2) Spatial composition of educational facilities should functionally designed considering that the characteristics of design process model. In facilities arrangement of middle and high schools, it shows diverse forms of arrangement from existing uniform straight type, however, most of schools do not being against the simple in their external space. Therefore, it requires an expansion of space siæ and facilities for the change of school life outside class.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.2 s.15
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• pp.113-126
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• 1998

This study is on the organizational principles of Chinese traditional houses. It has been assumed that a common cultural background did influence dwelling construction in most areas of China, some specific concepts are used to build a connection between the culture and architecture. There are four aspects of cultural influence being explored: traditional concept of space by the philosophical influence, religious influence, the Feng Shut method, and traditional system of family organization. The influence of the Chinese culture on dwelling architecture is predominant. Housing types from different areas of China, despite their different physical appearance, have similar spatial concepts. This cultural influence was due to the historic development of the Chinese empire. The organizational principles of Chinese dwelling architecture determined by its own cultural background have five major invariable norms. They are as follows: 1. Internal and enclosed spatial organization. 2. Grouping of buildings around axes. 3. Spatial organization and extension by courtyard. 4. Spatial expansion by adding units. 5. Hierarchical organization of space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.203-208
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• 2008

Installation art in 20th century shows an expanded trend as a result of material, time, or spatial expansion of subject, therefore subjects could be either materials or non-materials. This trend says that three elements-objet, space, and spectator-is inseparable essence of installation art. Nowadays, the borderline between installation art and everyday human life is getting indistinctive, and both Installation art and human life are becoming a part of another. By adapting the flexibility of installation art into the interior space, more interaction could happen, therefore, people will recognize spatial and visual character of Interior space as a visually satisfying Installed object. The main goal of this study is to understand changing of spatial composition in consequence of expressional variety as a result of dispersion of spatial elements. Especially, this study gives a fundamental ideas about private character of installations art in commercial spaces and expressional character of modern installations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

Soil properties are not random values which is represented by mean and standard deviation but show spatial correlation. Especially, soils are highly variable in their properties and rarely homogeneous. Thus, the accuracy and reliability of probabilistic analysis results is decreased when using only one random variable as design parameter. In this paper, to consider spatial variability of soil property, one-dimensional random fields of coefficient of consolidation ($C_v$) were generated based on a Karhunen-Loeve expansion. A Latin hypercube Monte Calro simulation coupled with finite difference method for Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory was then used to probabilistic analysis. The results show that the failure probability is smaller when consider spatial variability of $C_v$ than not considered and the failure probability increased when the autocorrelation distance increased. Thus, the uncertainty of soil can be overestimated when spatial variability of soil property is not considered, and therefore, to perform a more accurate probabilistic analysis, spatial variability of soil property needed to be considered.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2011

Objective: This case report describes orthodontic treatment of contracted mandibular arch using a trombone appliance. Methods: A 14-year-old girl with Class II division 2 malocclusion, retroclined maxillary incisors, and buccally displaced maxillary canines required dental expansion in 3 spatial directions to correct the contracted maxillary and mandibular arches. In the initial phase of treatment, the maxillary arch was expanded and distalized using a quad-helix appliance and cervical headgear. Following the expansion and leveling of the maxillary arch, a trombone appliance was used to expand the mandibular arch. On correction of the mandibular arch and provision of sufficient space to level the mandibular teeth, fixed orthodontic treatment phase was initiated. Results: A trombone appliance proved effective in correcting the contracted mandibular arch. Because of labiolingual and transversal expansion, the mandibular dental arch perimeter was increased by 7.4 mm; the misalignment of the mandibular teeth was corrected successfully. Conclusions: A trombone appliance may serve as an appropriate clinical alternative for treating moderate mandibular arch crowding caused by the contraction of the dental arch.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 1995.12a
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• pp.9-21
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• 1995

A planning support system enhances our ability to use water capacity expansion as an urban growth management strategy. This paper reports the development of capacity expansion modeling of water supply as part of the continuing development of such a planning support system (PEGASUS: Planning Environment for Generation and Analysis of Spatial Urban Systems) to incorporate water supply, This system is designed from the understanding that land use and development drive the demand for infrastructure and infrastructure can have a significant influence on the ways in which land is developed and used. Capacity expansion Problems of water supply can be solved in two ways: 1) optimal control theory, and 2) mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. In this study the MINLP approach is used because of its strength of determining expansion sizing and timing simultaneously. A dynamic network optimization model and a water-distribution network analysis model can address the dynamic interdependence between water planning and land use planning. While the water-distribution network analysis model evaluates the performance of generated networks over time, the dynamic optimization model chooses alternatives to meet expanding water needs. In addition, the user and capacity expansion modeling-to-generate-alternatives (MGA) can generate alternatives. A cost benefit analysis module using a normalization technique helps in choosing the most economical among those alternatives. GIS provide a tool for estimating the volume of demanded water and showing results of the capacity expansion model.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.38-53
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• 2022

T Recently, the government has been promoting the expansion and supply of renewable energy as an alternative for achieving carbon neutrality and the nationally determined contributions by 2030. In 2020, the Ministries of Industry and Environment and the Korea Forest Service collaborated to build a nationwide onshore wind energy siting atlas considering wind resources and forestry and environmental regulations focused on central regulations. In this study, the ordinances of the local governments were analyzed to examine the effects of regional location regulations on the expansion of onshore wind power energy generation facilities, in addition to those of central regulations. A development permit standard survey of 226 urban plan ordinances of the local governments nationwide showed that presently in 2022, 52 municipalities are applying regulations on wind energy generation facilities by ordinances. This is twice more than that in 2018, when renewable energy power generation facility development was difficult. Additionally, the location regulations applied by these ordinances were organized by items and regions, and regulatory characteristics, such as the number and scope, were analyzed by regions. To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics, JeollaNamdo was selected as the case area. A spatial DB was established for regulated areas based on the regional and central regulations, and the spatial distribution characteristics and the regulatory scope were compared and analyzed.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.452-457
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a spatial query processor, SQUERY, which can derive rich query results through spatial reasoning on the initial knowledge base, as well as, process both qualitative and quantitative queries about the topological and directional relationships between spatial objects. In order to derive richer query results, the query processor expands the knowledge base by applying forward spatial reasoning into the initial knowledge base in a preprocessing step. The proposed query processor uses not only qualitative spatial knowledge describing topological/directional relationship between spatial objects, but also utilizes quantitative spatial knowledge including geometric data of individual spatial objects through geometric computation. The results of an experiment with the OSM(Open Street Map) spatial knowledge base demonstrates the high performance of our spatial query processing system.