• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.63-74
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• 2005

Modern society is diversified society and is under complicated situation as the boundary of each area has been disappeared. To understand and accept such complicated situation as widely as possible, it is required to understand interaction. of receiver with intertextual environmental arts as the structure of open text. This study examined interaction of environmental arts in terms of intertextual feature based on experience of receiver on combined element of different space and time, combination of genres. This is the concept of meaning personal experience or situation as receiver participates the process of completing art works, and set the fantasy, post-place and speciality of location and temporal-spatial expression method, as characteristics of intertextuality. Features of such experience elements are used as methodology of analyzing characteristics of each work. Feature of fantasy uses strategy of inducing spatial experience of receiver with dematerialization for post-place and expands the place where events occur with intervention of contingency and event situation. It suggests the spatial-temporal expression method as the features focusing on process and reflecting changes in spatial-temporal continuum and speciality of place emphasizing context of place. In conclusion, environmental arts needs to be deep rooted on complicated existence aspect of receiver beyond metaphysical dimension depending on presence and to accomplish conversion of awareness of supplying bisection of life from that place. By doing so, environmental arts can live textual life as it gets together with all other texts in terms of text dimension and creativity can be reborn as practical creativity in intertextuality rather than uniqueness. Such combination with other areas and acceptance of various aspects of receivers who see and experience this will result to creation of open works which can be create newly over and over again in multi-dimensional aspects.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

The space where one's body lives is not only a space as the simple environment that is built with the physical factors, but also a space experienced by a movement accompanied by the concept of body perception including mental activities. In this study, the importance of the body is recognized and the meaning of the space of body perception including mental activities is understood. In this manner, the spatial unfolding phase and expression features are to be investigated through a standard of "What do they change?" by grasping those as a flexible space that changes spatial recognition. The following results have been drawn in this study; First, the application of the flexible concept in the space can give rise to the activities of an experiencing person in terms of being the object of spatial experience and appreciation. Also, the application changes a slightly static concept into a relative and dynamic space by introducing the movement. Second, the establishment of a space by a human's movement is accompanied by all perceptions and enables to perceive the space shape, the space itself and mutual communication between the spaces. Third, the expression of the human's movement in the fixed form of space lies in the extension of the fused spacial area with an observer beyond the physical spatial limitation. As human body intervenes in space, the meaning of the space has become more abundant and diverse and the space will be presented as the arena for sensitive and flexible communication as a responsive space that corresponds.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2024

As digital mobile technology has advanced, vertical videos have emerged as a prominent format in the contemporary media field, presenting a new visual language that challenges traditional horizontal-centric aesthetic norms. This study delves into the visual and structural parallels and distinctions between traditional East Asian Hanging scrolls and contemporary vertical videos by applying traditional spatial composition techniques such as the 'Three Distances', 'One River, Two Banks', 'Intended Blank', and 'Unity of Poetry, Calligraphy, and Painting' to the creation of modern vertical videos. Through this comparative analysis, the research examines how vertical layouts enhance depth and layering of the screen, deepen emotional expression, and offer creators new avenues for expression. By juxtaposing the spatial compositions of traditional East Asian Hanging scrolls with those prevalent in today's digital vertical videos, this study seeks to uncover new visual languages and aesthetic values within the evolving media field.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.828-833
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• 2006

Maize (Zea mays L.) pistil cell death and stamen cell arrest are pivotal process on the sex determination, which diverges from bisexual state of floral meristem to unisexual state in staminate or pistillate floret. We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of cell cycle gene expression during maize sex determination. The positive regulatory genes of cell cycle, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and Mad2 were highly expressed in the developing pistil and stamen but the expression was disappeared in the dying pistil and arresting stamens. In contrast, the negative regulatory genes of cell cycle, Wee1 and CDK inhibitor (CKI) were expressed in the arresting stamens in the wild-type ear and tasselseed2 mutant tassel, however, these genes were not detected in dying pistil although the cyclin B gene expression was disappeared. These results suggest that both the pistil cell death and stamen cell arrest process in maize sex determination are involved in cell cycle regulation, but the different expression patterns of negative regulatory cell cycle genes in the arresting stamens and aborting pistils suggest that the two processes may have distinctive modes of action.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.427-432
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of spatial expression in the works of Terunobu Fujimori, Japan's leading eco-friendly architect, in line with the contemporary background on environmental issues. As a method of research, we will select five representative multi-room spaces from the 1990s to the present and explore the characteristics of expression in the space through literature research. As a result of the analysis, we were actively using the strategy of using natural materials to finish the space and introduce plants into the building. Japan's strategy of borrowing traditional methods was to use them as a way of expressing space, a way of expressing fantasy and deviance. We expect that the demands of modern people seeking novelty in this era and the eco-friendly building plan of feasible alternatives can be presented as another methodology for spatial design.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

In this paper we propose a new feature vector for recognition of the facial expression based on Gibbs distributions which are well suited for representing the spatial continuity. The extracted feature vectors are invariant under translation rotation, and scale of an facial expression imege. The Algorithm for recognition of a facial expression contains two parts： the extraction of feature vector and the recognition process. The extraction of feature vector are comprised of modified 2-D conditional moments based on estimated Gibbs distribution for an facial image. In the facial expression recognition phase, we use discrete left-right HMM which is widely used in pattern recognition. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, experiments for recognition of four universal expression (anger, fear, happiness, surprise) was conducted with facial image sequences on Workstation. Experiment results reveal that the proposed scheme has high recognition rate over 95%.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

In relation to spatial expression, the remediation theory of Jay David Bolter & Richard Grusin shows a sufficient possibility of providing extended idea and experience through the space of critical representation. The remediation theory discussed in the scope of new media says about the existence method and the development process of media through immersion into media and awakening, and one attribute of remediation which aims at the extension of another realistic experience and recognition through various media, contains common denominators which display diversity and complexity of installation space, and use the audience as expression elements. Therefore, this study aims to apply the remediation theory in order to interpret space using more diverse and multisensory expression methods. For achieving this purpose, this study found the connection among characteristics of hypermediacy which is an axis of installation and remediation theory, and analyzed diverse cases regarding installation space and characteristics of hypermediacy, depending on external aspects of form and expression and internal aspects of experience and cognition. The method of hypermediation expression in installation space converts the recognition about the basic custom of new experience, space and representation. This means that the logic of remediation could approach space by leading to more extended form and recognition. In conclusion, the characteristics of space and the possibility of extended expression revealed in the relationship between installation space and hypermediacy logic would provide another developmental significance for research on space design.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1575-1578
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• 2012

Objectives: To obtain permeability surface (PS) values using multi-slice helical CT perfusion imaging and to evaluate the spatial distribution correlation between PS values and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in solitary brain metastases. Methods: Imaging was performed on 21 patients, PS values being calculated from the central, border and peripheral parts of tumours. VEGF expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rim enhancement was found in 16 cases, the border of the tumour featuring PS elevation with high VEGF expression in 13 cases. In the 5 cases with nodular enhancement, the border and the central part had high permeability and VEGF expression was high in all cases, the correlation being significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: VEGF expression in brain metastases positively correlates with PS values from CT perfusion imaging, so that the latter can be used in the surveillance of angiogenic activity in brain metastases.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of structural expression in the works of Louis I. Kahn. Kahn's main architectural thoughts of 'what it wants to be' and 'how it was done' are important in this research because these statements act as a clue to understand the relationship between structural expression and space. 'What it wants to be' means the essence and existence of architecture and 'how it was done' shows the tectonic of architecture and construction process to enhance its presence. Kahn's emphasis of structural expression stems from the fact that structure is the logical part of whole building system rather than the concealed object for the exterior of buildings. Therefore structure of Kahn's architecture is not a structure only to support building but a mean to express his thoughts in a corporeal way. In Kahn's works, the characteristics of structural expressions are summarized as the visualization of the order in dynamics, construction process, spatial system, and the relationship between structure and light in the space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interior characteristics of the Yale center for British art by Louis I. Kahn. As his last realized project, the Yale center for British art shows Kahn's latter architectural thoughts about exterior/interior, space/structure and theory/practice. Kahn arranged unit space(room) around two interior courts and laminated them vertically. This spatial configuration is the result of solving the urban context which needed the continuity of street and complicated program including art museum, retail shop, studio and library. Although Kahn adpted severe formal configuration, he added changes to spatial relation. The visualization of architectural system is realized by revealing the relation of the unit space and structure. And this emphasized the presence of the center. The emphasis of tectonic expression is also the characteristics of interior in that structure is the logical part of whole building system rather than concealing object for the exterior of buildings. In the Yale center for British art, interior characteristics are summarized as spatial configuration based on the relation between unit space and two courts, the visualization of structural order, and the relationship between structure and light.