• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

A long-term growth simulation was performed at 99 land units in Yeoncheon county to test the potential adaptability of each land unit for growing soybean cultivars. The land units for soybean cultivation(CZU), each represented by a geographically referenced land patch, were selected based on land use, soil characteristics, and minimum arable land area. Monthly climatic normals for daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, number of rain days and solar radiation were extracted for each CZU from digital climate models(DCM). The DCM grid cells falling within a same CZU were aggregated to make spatially explicit climatic normals relevant to the CZU. A daily weather dataset for 30 years was randomly generated from the monthly climatic normals of each CZU. Growth and development parameters of CROPGRO-soybean model suitable for 2 domestic soybean cultivars were derived from long-term field observations. Three foreign cultivars with well established parameters were also added to this study, representing maturity groups 3, 4, and 5. Each treatment was simulated with the randomly generated 30 years' daily weather data(from planting to physiological maturity) for 99 land units in Yeoncheon to simulate the growth and yield responses to the inter-annual climate variation. The same model was run with input data from the Crop Experiment Station in Suwon to obtain a 30 year normal performance of each cultivar, which was used as a "reference" for evaluation. Results were analyzed with respect to spatial and temporal variation in yield and maturity, and used to evaluate the suitability of each land unit for growing a specific cultivar. A computer program(MAPSOY) was written to help utilize the results in a decision-making procedure for agrotechnology transfer. transfer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.849-855
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to compare growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of broilers fed a genetically modified organism (GMO) diet or a non-GMO diet. Methods: A total of 840 broilers with an initial body weight of 43.03 g per chick were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 2 dietary treatments lasted for 32 days (15 broilers per pen with 28 replicates per treatment): i) Trt 1, GMO maize-soybean meal based diet; ii) Trt 2, non-GMO maize soybean meal based diet. Both diets were maize-soybean meal diets. The GMO qualitative analysis, proximate analysis and amino acid analysis of the feed ingredient samples were carried out. Diets were formulated based on a nutrient matrix derived from analysis results. Growth performance was measured on day 0, 7, 17, and 32. And all other response criteria were measured on day 32. Results: The analysis results showed that the total Lys, Met, Thr of non-GMO grains were lower than that of GMO grains, the protein content of GMO soybean meal was higher than that of non-GMO soybean meal. Feed intake and feed conversion rate (FCR) were greater (p<0.05) in broilers provided with non-GMO diet than that of the GMO group from d 17 to 32. A decrease in FCR was observed in birds fed the GMO diet through the entire experiment (p<0.05). No significant impacts on blood profile, meat quality and nutrient digestibility were found in response to dietary treatments throughout the experimental period (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that non-GMO diet showed a negative effect on growth performance but nutrient digestibility, blood profile, carcass weight and meat quality were not affected by non-GMO diets.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

Growth of G. max treated with $NO_3^-$-N was decreased by high NaCl treatments, but $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants showed good growth with enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD and APX). Especially, activity of APX was higher in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants than other types of N-supplied plants throughout the stress period. Higher SOD activity under salt stress was accompanied by increase in APX activity in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants. Similarly, application of calcium confirmed somewhat positive effects on growth. Salt-treated soybean plants showed the best growth response with the increase of SOD and APX activity at an additional 5 mM calcium treatment. Especially, the increase of SOD activity through the strengthened CuZn-SOD isoform was remarkable.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

The production of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, including female formation and fecundity was much higher in SCN race 14 (R14) than in race 3 (R3) in susceptible soybean cultivars Bragg (intolerant), Lee74 (moderately tolerant), and PI 97100 (highly tolerant). The nematode body was also significantly larger in R14 than in R3 at 20 days after inoculation, but the further nematode growth appeared to be slower in R14 than in R3, resulting in no significant difference between the two races at 30 days after inoculation. Within each race, no significant difference was observed in the growth and reproduction among the soybean cultivars tested. Syncytial areas near the nematode lip regions (infection sites) were measured for each soybean cultivar-SCN race combination. R14 induced significantly larger syncytia than R3. Bragg had relatively larger syncytia than Lee74 and PI 97100, but the difference among the soybean cultivars was minimal or not significantly different. Syncytium occupation in the stelar region differed only between PI 97100 and the other two cultivars, which may be somewhat, but not exactly, related to tolerance levels. Syncytial cytomplasm was degenerated more with R14 and in Bragg than with R3 and in Lee74 and PI 97100, respectively. In light microscopy, degenerated syncytia were characterized by depleted and loose cytoplasm with less plastids than normal-looking (intact) syncytia which had dense syncytial cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed that degenerated syncytia contained highly vacuolated cytoplasm with degenerated plastids. The above results suggest that structural characteristics of syncytia may match the nematode growth and reproduction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

Effects of supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells on fiber-degrading activity and cell growth of Ruminococcus albus (R. albus, strain 7) was tested using a basal substrate of rice straw and formulated concentrate. Cultures of R. albus alone and R. albus with rumen protozoa were grown at $39^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with an 8.4% crude protein (CP) substrate, 33% of the CP supplemented with either ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal. The ruminal epithelial cells had lower amounts of rumen soluble and degradable protein fractions as compared to defatted soybean meal, as determined by an enzymatic method, and the same was found with amino acid composition of protein hydrolysates. Ruminal epithelial cells were directly utilized by the R. albus, and resulted in greater growth of cell-wall free bacteria compared to defatted soybean meal. The effect of epithelial cells on bacterial growth was enhanced by the presence of rumen protozoa. In consistency with cultures of R. albus and R. albus with rumen protozoa, fermentative parameters such as dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acid did not differ between supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.773-777
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• 2006

Growth of Bacillus cereus was assessed during the storage of seasoned soybean sprouts at 0,5, 10, and $15^{\circ}C$. No lag time in its growth curve was observed and thus the specific growth rate of B. cereus in the exponential growth phase was estimated for bootstrapped microbial count data. The distribution of the specific growth rate could be explained by the BetaGeneral distribution function, and temperature dependence was described by the Ratkowsky square root model. The temperature dependence of the growth could be successfully incorporated into the differential equation of microbial growth to predict the B. cereus count on the seasoned soybean sprouts under fluctuating temperature conditions. Safe shelf lives with different probabilities to reach $10^5\;CFU/g$ were presented at four different temperatures, considering the variation in initial contamination and specific growth rate by the Monte Carlo method and 2-step bootstrapping, respectively. Safe shelf lives defined as the time with a probability of less than 0.1% of reaching the critical limit, were 13.4, 5.2, 3.6, and 2.8 days at 0, 5, 10, and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2002

In order to investigate effect of irrigation on soil moisture and soybean growth, a experimental plot, which was shielded from precipitation was established. Four different irrigation rates were applied and soil moisture variations were monitored with TDR. Soybean yield and product quality are under scrutiny.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of various clay materials on the growth and change in mineral composition of soybean sprout. Further effect of sericite concentration on growth of soybean sprout was optimized. The experiments were carried by using three different viz., loess supernatant, tap water and sericite supernatant. From the obtained results it was found that a significant growth in soybean sprouts was observed while using sericite supernatant this growth was 14.71% and 50% more total growth than that of loess supernatant and tap water. In addition, using sericite supernatant the length of root of soybean sprouts was reached 17.30% and 36.50% longer than that of tap water and loess supernatant. The plausible reason for this growth using sericite supernatant may be due to the presence of various mineral($K^+$, $Ca^+$) in sericite. Further the mineral contents of sericite supernatant were 11.56% and 13.48% more than that for loess supernatant and tap water. Among the various sericite concentration used it was found that 100g/L sericite supernatant showed significant growth rate compared with other fractions. From the obtained results comparing with all materials 100g/L sericite concentration was economic for the cultivation of soybean sprout.

• 물만먹고자라요
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• no.10
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect on the growth of soybean sprouts under control of various water supply, and to develop the culture methods for the production of clean soybean sprouts. The yield and characteristics of soybean sprouts was